The Congruence between a Firm’s Competitive Strategy and Information Technology Leader’s Rank and Role

References

• Anderson, C.R., and Paine, F.T. Managerial perceptions and strategic behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 18 (December, 1975), 811–823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Applegate, L.M., and Elam, J.J. New information systems leaders: a changing role in a changing world. MIS Quarterly, 16, 4 (December, 1992), 469–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, H.J., and Feldman, D.C. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of job turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7 (1982), 350–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banker, R.D., and Kauffman, R.J. Strategic contributions of information technology: an empirical study of ATM networks. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Systems, Minneapolis, December 1988, pp. 141–150.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, R.L., and Blunt, J. Critical IT issues: the next ten years. Sloan Management Review (Summer 1992), 7–19.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, R.L.; Dickinson, C.J.; and Rockart, J.F. Changing role of the corporate information systems officer. MIS Quarterly, 9, 3 (1985), 177–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanton, J.E.; Watson, H.J.; and Moody, J. Toward a better understanding of information technology organization: a comparative case study. MIS Quarterly, 16, 4 (1992), 531–555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, G.; Carpenter, K.; and Davis, J.E. Management’s newest star: meet the chief information officer. Business Week, 2968 (October 1986), 160–172.
   Google Scholar
• Boynton, A.C.; Jacobs, G.C.; and Zmud, R.W. Whose responsibility is IT management? Sloan Management Review (Summer 1992), 32–38.
   Google Scholar
• Boynton, A.C.; Zmud, R.W.; and Jacobs, G.C. The influence of IT management practice on IT use in large organizations. MIS Quarterly, 18, 3 (1994), 299–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlyle, R. The out of touch CIO. Datamation (August 15, 1990), 30–33.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, J.L.; McFarlan, F.W.; McKenney, J.L.; and Applegate, L.M. Corporate Information Systems Management: Text and Cases, 3d ed. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, A. D. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of American Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1962.
   Google Scholar
• Clemons, E.K., and Row, M.C. Sustaining IT advantage; the role of structural differences. MIS Quarterly, 15, 3 (1991), 274–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotton, J.L., and Tuttle, J.M. Employee turnover: a meta-analysis and review with implications for research. Academy of Management Review, 11, 1 (1986), 55–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culnan, M. Environmental scanning: the effects of task complexity and source accessibility on information gathering behavior. Decision Sciences, 14 (1983), 194–206.
   Google Scholar
• Daft, R.L., and Weick, K.E. Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9, 2 (1984), 284–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos, B.L., and Peffers, K. The effects of early adoption of information technology: an empirical study. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Information Systems, New York, December 1991, pp. 127–140.
   Google Scholar
• Doty, D.H.; Glick, W.H.; and Huber, G.P. Fit, equifinality, and organizational effectiveness: a test of two configurational theories. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 6 (1993), 1196–1250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earl, M.J. Management Strategies for Information Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, M.J., and Feeny, D.F. Is your CIO adding value? Sloan Management Review (Spring 1994), 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, M.J.; Feeny, D.F.; Hirschheim, R.A.; and Lockett, M. Information technology executives’ key education and development needs: a field study. Oxford Institute of Information Management, Research and Discussion Paper (RDP 86/10), Templeton College, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Ein-Dor, P., and Segev, E. Organizational context and the success of MIS. Management Science, 24, 10 (1978), 1064–1071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery, J.C. What role for the CIO? MIS Quarterly (June 1991), vii–ix.
   Google Scholar
• Feeny, D.F.; Edwards, B.; and Simpson, K. Understanding the CEO/CIO relationship. MIS Quarterly, 16, 4 (1992), 435–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, S.W., and Wooldridge, B. Path analysis of the relationship between competitive strategy, information technology, and financial performance. Journal of Management Information Systems, 7, 1 (1990), 47–64.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, P.F. Using technology for competitive advantage: the ATM experience at Citicorp. In B.R. Guile and J.B. Quinn (eds.), Managing Innovation: Cases from the Service Industries. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, D.K. The effects of task differences on the work satisfaction, job characteristics, and role perceptions of programmer/analysts. Journal of Management Information Systems, 6, 1 (Summer 1989), 41–58.
   Google Scholar
• Grover, V.; Jeong, S.; Kettinger, W.J.; and Lee, C.C. The chief information officer: a study of managerial roles. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10, 2 (1993), 107–130.
   Google Scholar
• Guimaraes, T., and Igbaria, M. Determinants of turnover intentions: comparing IC and IS personnel. Information Systems Research, 3, 3 (1992), 273–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, Y. The chief executive officer and the chief information officer: the strategic partnership. Journal of Information Technology, 6 (1991), 128–139.
   Google Scholar
• Guterl, F.V. Why MIS is changing. Datamation (March 1, 1993), 57–62.
   Google Scholar
• Hambrick, D.C. Environment, strategy, and power within top management teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26 (1981), 253–276.
   Google Scholar
• Hambrick, D.C. Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of Miles and Snow’s strategic types. Academy of Management Journal, 26 (1983), 2–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayley, K.; Plewa, J.; and Watts, M. Reengineering tops CIO menu. Datamation (April 15, 1993), 73–74.
   Google Scholar
• Hershey, G.L., and Eatman, J.L. Why IS execs feel left out of big decisions. Datamation (May 15, 1990), 97–99.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G.; Neuijen, B.; Ohayv, D.D.; and Sangers, G. Measuring organizational cultures: a qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35 (1990), 286–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopper, M.D. Rattling SABRE—new ways to compete on information. Harvard Business Review (May—June 1990), 118–125.
   Google Scholar
• Ives, B. Transformation of information systems management. MIS Quarterly, Editor’s Comments, 16, 4 (1992), lix–lxii.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ives, B., and Learmonth, G.P. Information systems as a competitive weapon. Communications of the ACM, 27, 2 (1984), 1193–1201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ives, B., and Olson, M.H. Manager or technician? the nature of the information systems manager’s job. MIS Quarterly, 5, 4 (1981), 49–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenster, P.V. Firm performance and monitoring of critical success factors in different strategic contexts. Journal of Management Information Systems, 3, 3 (1986), 17–33.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, H.R., and Vitale, M.R. Creating competitive advantage with interorganizational information systems. MIS Quarterly, 12, 2 (1988), 153–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keen, P.G. Competing in Time. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, H.C., Jr. Managing Information Services. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Magal, S.R.; Carr, H.H; and Watson, H.J. Critical success factors for information center managers. MIS Quarterly, 12, 3 (1988), 413–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, S.W., and Kolari, J.W. Marketing strategy implications of the Miles and Snow strategic typology. Journal of Marketing, 51 (1987), 19–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlan, F.W. Information technology changes the way you compete. Harvard Business Review, 62, 3 (1984), 98–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, R.E., and Snow, C.C. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, D. Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and government. Management Science, 37 (1991), 34–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moad, J. Does your CEO get it? Datamation (September 15, 1994), 59–61.
   Google Scholar
• Moad, J. Wanted: the multithreaded CIO. Datamation (April 15, 1994), 34–38.
   Google Scholar
• Moad, J. Why you should be making IS allies. Datamation (May 1, 1990), 26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Nidumolu, S.R. The impact of interorganizational systems on the form and climate of seller-buyer relationships: a structural modeling approach. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information Systems, Boston, December 1989, pp. 289–304.
   Google Scholar
• Niederman, F.; Brancheau, J.C.; and Wetherbe, J.C. Information systems management issues for 1990’s. MIS Quarterly, 15, 4 (1991), 475–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett, R.E., and Wilson, T.D. Telling more than we know: verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84 (1977), 231–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nylan, P. Precarious perch for MIS execs. Bank Systems and Technology (September 1990), 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• O’Riordan, P.D. The emerging role of chief information officer. Information Strategy: The Executive’s Journal (Winter 1986).
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, J. The ambiguity of leadership. Academy of Management Review, 2, 1 (1977), 104–112.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M.E., and Millar, V.E. How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63, 4 (1985), 149–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premkumar, G., and King, W.R. An empirical assessment of information systems planning and the role of information systems in organization. Journal of Management Information Systems, 9, 2 (1992), 99–125.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, R.E., and Kimberley, J.R. Paradox, planning, and perseverance: guidelines for managerial practice. In J.R. Kimberley and R.E. Quinn (eds.), Managing Organizational Transitions. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1984, pp. 295–313.
   Google Scholar
• Raghunathan, B., and Raghunathan, T.S. Relationship of the rank of information systems executives to the organizational role and planning dimensions of information systems. Journal of Management Information Systems, 6, 1 (1989), 111–126.
   Google Scholar
• Raghunathan, B., and Raghunathan, T.S. Does the reporting level of the information systems executive make a difference? Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2, 1 (1993), 27–38.
   Google Scholar
• Raho, L.E.; Belohlav, J.A.; and Fiedler, K.D. Assimilating new technology into the organization: an assessment of McFarlan and McKenney’s model. MIS Quarterly, 11, 1 (1987), 47–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockart, J.F.; Bullen, C.V.; and Ball, L. Future role of the information systems executives. MIS Quarterly, 6, Special Issue (December 1982), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothfeder, J. CIO is starting to stand for “career is over.” Business Week (February 26, 1990), 78.
   Google Scholar
• Runyan, L. Borderless banking draws IS interest. Datamation (April 1, 1990), 98–100.
   Google Scholar
• Sager, M.T. Competitive information systems in Australian retail banking. Information and Management, 15, 1 (August 1988), 59–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, H., and Davis, S.M. Matching corporate culture and business strategy. Organizational Dynamics, 10, 1 (1981), 30–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shortell, S.M., and Zajac, E.J. Perceptual and archival measures of Miles and Snow’s strategic types: a comprehensive assessment of reliability and validity. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 4 (1990), 817–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G.S.; Guthrie, J.P.; and Chen, M. Strategy, size, and performance. Organization Studies, 10 (1989), 63–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, C.C., and Hambrick, D.C. Measuring organizational strategies: some theoretical and methodological problems. Academy of Management Review, 5, 4 (1980), 527–538.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, C.C., and Hrebiniak, L.G. Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25 (June 1980), 317–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, A. Alternative measures of system effectiveness: associations and implications. MIS Quarterly, 9, 3 (1985), 243–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens, C.S.; Ledbetter, W.N.; Mitra, A.; and Ford, F.N. Executive or functional manager? The nature of the CIO’s job. MIS Quarterly, 16, 4 (1992), 449–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. Contrasts in Management. A Study of the Different Types of Manager s Job: Their Demands and Choices. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Strassmann, P. CIOs should get back to basics. Datamation (September 15, 1994), 70–72.
   Google Scholar
• Synott, R. Putting a CIO in charge. Financial Technology Forum (December 1987), 47–48.
   Google Scholar
• Tavakolian, H. Linking the information technology structure with organizational competitive strategy: a survey. MIS Quarterly, 13, 3 (1989), 309–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, J.T.C.; Cheon, M.J.; and Grover, V. Decisions to outsource information systems functions: testing a strategic-theoretic discrepancy model. Decision Sciences, 26, 1 (1995), 75–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torkzadeh, G., and Xia, W. Managing telecommunications by steering committee. MIS Quarterly, 16, 2 (1992), 187–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatraman, N., and Zaheer, A. Electronic integration and strategic advantage: a quasi-experimental study in insurance industry. Information Systems Research, 1, 4 (1990), 377–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, T.N. Information technology as a competitive burden. Sloan Management Review, 29, 1 (1987), 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, R. Influences on the IS manager’s perceptions of key issues: information scanning and the relationship with the CEO. MIS Quarterly, 14, 2 (1990), 217–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahra, S. A., and Pearce, J. A., II. Research evidence on the Miles-Snow typology. Journal of Management, 16 (1990), 751–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar