13
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Strategic command and control in the 1990s

Pages 373-399 | Published online: 19 Oct 2007

Notes

  • Steinbruner , J. D. 1981–82 . Nuclear decapitation . Foreign Policy, , Winter : 16 – 28 .
  • Gaddis , J. L. 1990 . Coping with victory . The Atlantic, , May : 49 – 60 .
  • US Congress, House . Strategic Force Modernization Program, . Committee on Armed Services, 97th Congress, 1st Session . October/November . pp. 232 – 233 . Washington, DC : GPO .
  • Wade , J. P. Jr. 1982 . The two requirements for C3 . Air Force Magazine, , July : 66 – 68 .
  • 1982 . Why C3I is the Pentagon's top priority . Government Executive, , January : 14 – 20 .
  • 1985 . Growth in funding yields strategic, tactical benefits . AWST, , 9 December : 46 – 47 .
  • Canan , J. W. 1987 . Steady steps in strategic C3I . Air Force Magazine, , June : 44 – 50 .
  • House . Strategic Force Modernization Program, 227 234
  • Ulsamer , E. 1980 . Electronics takes to the offensive . Air Force Magazine, , July : 41 – 50 .
  • Raggett , R. J. 1979 . US defense communications: links to everywhere . NATO's Fifteen Nations, , June‐July : 101 – 105 .
  • Gravely , S. L. Jr. 1980 . The DCA—a rock and a hard place . Signal, , April : 7 – 11 .
  • House . Strategic Force Modernization Program, 113
  • Martin , H. V. 1982 . Communications vulnerability . Military Science & Technology, , June : 42 – 48 .
  • Halloran , R. 1981 . Nuclear plans of Reagan stir capital debates . New York Times, , 5 October : A1 – B14 .
  • Ulsamer , E. 1979 . The growing, changing role of C3I . Air Force Magazine, , July : 36 – 48 .
  • Paws , Pave . 1985 . BMEWS radar site upgrades will broaden missile threat coverage . AWST, , 9 December : 52 – 54 .
  • 1966 . Surveillance and control systems . Signal, , April : 22 – 24 .
  • O'Neil , J. J. 1960 . Evaluation of the shielding effectiveness of BMEWS structures . Signal, , September : 25 – 48 .
  • Richelson , J. T. 1985 . The U.S. Intelligence Community, , 154 Cambridge , MA : Ballinger .
  • Ulsamer , E. 1980 . Electronics takes to the offensive . Air Force Magazine, , July : 41 – 50 .
  • US Congress, House . Department of Defense Appropriations for 1989 . Committee on Appropriations, 100th Congress, 2nd Session . pp. 519 Washington, DC : GPO .
  • 1989 . Advanced missile‐warning satellite evolved from smaller spacecraft . AWST, , 20 February : 45
  • Sawyer , C. 1989 . New Titan IV rocket orbits secret satellite . Washington Post, , 15 June : A12
  • McCormick , C. 1984 . C3I initiatives aim at force multiplication . Defense Systems Review, , January : 4 – 7 .
  • DOD . 1984 . Report of the Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger to the Congress, . February 1 1984 . pp. 196 Washington, DC : GPO .
  • Covault , C. 1989 . New missile‐warning satellite to be launched on first Titan 4 . AWST, , 20 February : 34 – 40 .
  • Painter , F. C. 1989 . Building a strategic defense system . Defense Electronics, , April : 58 – 79 .
  • Burrows , W. 1985 . Deep Black: Space Espionage and National Security, , 311 New York : Random House .
  • Foley , T. M. 1989 . U.S. developing survivable warning/antimissile satellites . AWST, , 23 January : 34 – 37 .
  • USAF hones air defense capabilities . 1984 . AWST, , 19 March : 85 – 92 .
  • Canan , J. W. 1987 . Steady steps in strategic C3I . Air Force Magazine, , June : 44 – 50 .
  • 1985 . New radar installations promise 360‐deg. air defense perimeter . AWST, , 9 December : 56 – 63 .
  • Hughes , D. 1988 . Tests verify OTH‐B radar's ability to detect cruise missiles . AWST, , 21 March : 60 – 65 .
  • US Congress, House . Department of Defense Appropriations for . Committee on Appropriations, 99th Congress, 2nd Session . 1987 . pp. 448 Washington, DC : GPO .
  • US Congress, House . 1989 . Department of Defense Appropriations for 520
  • Broad , W. J. 1980 . Computers and the U.S. military don't mix . Science, , 14 March : 1183 – 1187 .
  • DOD . Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System, 8 – 10 .
  • DOD . Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System, 13
  • 1983 . What's happening in electronics at ESD . Air Force Magazine, , June : 46 – 48 .
  • DOD . Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System, 20 – 21 .
  • House . 1989 . Department of Defence Appropriations for 471
  • Comptroller General . 25 April 1978 . Status of the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, , PSAD‐78–37 25 April , 1 Washington, DC : GAO .
  • Comptroller General . December 1989 . Defense Acquisition Programs: Status of Selected Systems. , GAO/NSIAD‐90–30 December , Washington, DC : GAO .
  • Comptroller General . 17 January 1979 . The NAVSTAR Global Positioning Systems—a Program with Many Uncertainties, , 17 January , 1 Washington, DC : GAO .
  • Dalgleish , D. D. and Schweikart , L. 1984 . Trident, , 254 – 255 . Carbondale , IL : Southern Illinois University Press .
  • Comptroller General . 1979 . Should NAVSTAR Be Used for Civil Navigation? FAA Should Improve Its Efforts to Decide, , LCD‐79–104 1 Washington, DC : GAO .
  • Dalgleish and Schweikar . Trident, 254 – 255 .
  • Toomay , J. C. 1987 . “ Warning and assessment sensors ” . In Managing Nuclear Operations, , Edited by: Carter , A. B. , Steinbruner , J. D. and Zraket , C. A. 310 Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
  • Green , G. 1983 . C3I: the invisible hardware . Sea Power, , April : 113 – 128 .
  • 1985 . Production GPS satellites in ground tests . AWST, , 9 December : 73
  • Blair , B. G. 1985 . Strategic Command and Control: Redefining the Nuclear Threat, , 118 – 119 . Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute . 1979 . World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook , 397 London : Taylor & Francis . 1979
  • Ruhe , W. J. 1979 . ELF in wartime . Signal, , January : 19 – 22 .
  • Merrill , J. 1974 . Some early historical aspects of project Sanguine . IEEE Transactions on Communications, , 4 April : 359 – 363 .
  • Sullivan , W. 1981 . How huge antenna can broadcast into the silence of the sea . New York Times, , 13 October : C1 – 2 .
  • Nagler , G. R. 1977 . Seafarer . Signal, , January : 7 – 14 .
  • Klessig , L. L. and Strite , V. L. 1980 . The ELF Odyssey: National Security versus Environmental Protection, , 16 Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • 1979 . SIPRI Yearbook 402
  • House . Strategic Force Modernization Program, 228 – 229 .
  • Borcherdt , B. 1989 . Woodpeckers tapping U.S. submarine radio network . Chicago Tribune, , 1 June : 4
  • Gottfried , K. and Blair , B. G. 1988 . Crisis Stability and Nuclear War, , 107 New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Klessig and Strite . The ELF Odyssey, 43
  • 1985 . Technical progress dispels skepticism on laser communications with submarine . AWST, , 21 January : 121 – 123 .
  • House . 1987 . Department of Defense Appropriations for 492
  • Burrows . Deep Black, 321 – 323 .
  • Klass , P. J. 1988 . C3 emerges from budget gauntlet with funds to meet inflation . AWST, , 14 March : 234
  • 1986 . Critical C3I programs emphasize servivability, jam resistance . Defense Electronics, , July : 91 – 99 .
  • 1985 . Military strives to meet growing demand for satellite services . AWST, , 9 December : 85 – 86 .
  • Ulsamer , E, . 1983 . C3 survivability in the budget wars . Air Force Magazine, , June : 38 – 45 .
  • 1985 . Defense Dept. plans new strategies for communications satellites . AWST, , 9 December : 49 – 51 .
  • DOD . Report of the Secretary .... 198
  • 1989 . Cheney stretches Milstar? C3I . Report, , 1 May : 1
  • Smith , R. J. 1990 . If the cold war has ended, why is it so chilly in here? . Washington Post National Weekly Edition, , 13–19 August : 15
  • Ulsamer , E. 1983 . C3 survivability in the budget wars . Air Force Magazine, , June : 38 – 45 .
  • House . 1987 . Department of Defense Appropriations for 497
  • House . 1987 . Department of Defense Appropriations for 496
  • Ulsamer , E. 1986 . Top priority for C3I . Air Force Magazine, , September : 137 – 146 .
  • 1989 . 26 states likely to get Towers for ‘Doomsday’ radio . Washington Times , 12 June : 12
  • Asker , J. R. 1990 . Congress raises ABM treaty concerns on strategic defense development . AWST, , 25 June : 30
  • Initial research on this project was conducted during a postdoctoral fellowship year at The Ohio State University's Mershon Center. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Strategic Studies Section, 13 April 1990. The author is grateful to the members of his Organizing Nuclear Weapons class at Lafayette College for their assistance and many helpful comments.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.