Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates glucocorticoid secretion in hypophysectomized rats.

References

• Busbridge N J, Grossman A B. Stress and the single cytokine-interleukin modulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 82: C209–C214
   Google Scholar
• Imura H, Fukuda J, Mori T. Cytokines and endocrine function. An interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Clin Endocrinol 1991; 35: 107–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wick G, Hu Y, Schwarz S, Kroemer G. Immunoendocrine communication via the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in autoimmune diseases Endocrine Rev 1993; 14: 539–563
   Google Scholar
• Besedowsky H, DelRey A, Sorkin E, Dinarello C A. Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones Science 1986; 233: 652–654
   Google Scholar
• Bateman A, Singh A, Kral T, Solomon S. The immune-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrine Rev 1989; 10: 92–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards C K, Yunger L M, Lorence R M, Dantzer R, Kelley K W. The pituitary gland is required for protection against lethal effects of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 1991; 88: 2274–2277
   Google Scholar
• Rivier C, Chizzonite R, Vale W. In the mouse the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) is mediated through interleukin-1. Endocrinology 1989; 125: 2800–2805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivier C. Role of endotoxin and interleukin-1 in modulating ACTH LH and sex steroid secretion. Adv Exp Med Biol 1990; 274: 295–301
   Google Scholar
• Perlstein R S, Whitnall M H, Abrams J S, Mougey E H, Neta R. Synergistic roles of interleukin-6 interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in the adrenocorticotropin response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vivo. Endocrinology 1993; 132: 946–952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elenkov I J, Kovacs K, Kiss J, Bertok L, Vizi E S. Lipopolysaccharide is able to bypass corticotropin-releasing factor in affecting plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels: evidence from rats with lesions of theparaventricular nucleus J Endocrinol 1992; 133: 231–236
   Google Scholar
• Elenkov I J, Kiss J, Stark E, Bertok L. CRF-dependent and CRF-indipendent mechanisms involved in hypophysial-adrenal system activation by bacterial endotoxin. Acta Physiol Hung 1992; 79: 355–363
   Google Scholar
• Malarkey W B, Zvara B J. Interleukin-1β and other cytokines stimulate adrenocorticotropin release from cultured pituitary cells of patients with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 196–199
   Google Scholar
• Suda T, Tosawa F, Ushiyama T, Tomori N, Sumimoto T, Nakagami Y, Yamada M, Demura H, Shizume K. Effects of protein kinase-C-related adrenocorticotropin secretagogues and interleukin-1 on proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 1444–1449
   Google Scholar
• Spangelo B L, Judd A M, Isakson P C, MacLeod R M. Interleukin-6 stimulates anterior pituitary hormone release in vitro. Endocrinology 1989; 125: 575–577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyson K, McCann S M. The effect of interleukin-6 on pituitary hormone release in vivo and in vitro. Neuroendocrinology 1991; 54: 262–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambronero J R, Rivas F J, Borrel J, Guaza C. Interleukin-1β induces pituitary adrenocorticotropin secretion: evidence for glucocorticoid modulation Neuroendocrinology 1992; 55: 648–654
   Google Scholar
• Cunnigham E T, Wada E, Carter D B, Tracey D E, Battey J F, De Souza E B. In situ histochemical localization of type-I interleukin-1 receptor messenger RNA in the central nervous system pituitary and adrenal gland of the mouse. J. Neurosci 1992; 12: 1101–1114
   Google Scholar
• Ban E, Marquette C, Sarrieau A, Fitzpatrick F, Fillion G, Milon G, Rostene W, Haour F. Regulation of interleukin-1 receptor expression in mouse brain and pituitary by lipopolysaccharide and glucocorticoids. Neuroendocinology 1993; 58: 581–587
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber W, Pollmächer T, Fassbender K, Gudewill S, Vedder H, Wiedemann K, Galanos C, Holsboer F. Endotoxin- and corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of ACTH and cortisol. Neuroendocrinology 1993; 58: 123–128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roh M S, Drazenovich K A, Barbose J J, Dinarello C A, Cobb C F. Direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex by interleukin-1. Surgery 1987; 102: 140–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga T, Fukata J, Naito Y, Usui T, Murakami N, Fukushima M, Nakai Y, Hirai Y, Imura H. Prostaglandin dependent in vitro stimulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis by interleukins. Endocrinology 1991; 128: 526–531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreis P G, Neri G, Belloni A S, Mazzocchi G, Nussdorfer G G. Interleukin-1 β enhances corticosterone secretion by acting directly on the rat adrenal gland. Endocrinology 1991; 129: 53–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley N, Williams B C, Nicol M, Bird I M, Walker S W. interleukin-1β stimulates growth of adrenocortical cells in primary culture. J Mol Endocrinol 1992; 8: 131–136
   Google Scholar
• Cambronero J C, Rivas F J, Borrel J, Guaza C. Is the adrenal cortex a putative site for the action of interleukin-1?. Horm Metab Res 1992; 24: 48–49
   Google Scholar
• Gwosdow A R, O'Connell N A, Spencer J A, Kumar MS A, Agarwal R K, Bode H H, AboUsamra A B. Interleukin-1-induced corticosterone release occurs by an adrenergic mechanism from rat adrenal gland. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: E461–E466
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markowska A, Rebuffat P, Rocco S, Gottardo G, Mazzocchi G, Nussdorfer G G. Evidence that an extra hypothalamic-pituitary corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)/adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) system controls adrenal growth and secretion in rats. Cell Tissue Res 1993; 272: 439–445
   Google Scholar
• Mazzocchi G, Malendowicz L K, Markowska A, Nussdorfer G G. Effect of hypophysectomy on corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin immunoreactivities in the rat adrenal gland. Mol Cell Neurosci 1994; 5: 345–349
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivier J, Rivier C, Vale W. Synthetic competitive antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor effect on ACTH secretion in the rat. Science 1984; 224: 889–890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C H, Chung D, Yamashiro D, Lee C Y. Isolation characterization and synthesis of a corticotropin-inhibiting peptide from human pituitarv glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 1978; 75: 4306–4309
   Google Scholar
• Rees L H, Cook D M, Kendall J W, Kramer R M, Ratcliffe J G, Knight R A. A radioimmunoassay for rat plasma ACTH Endocrinology 1971; 89: 254–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sippell W G, Bidlingmaier F, Becker H, Brunig T, Dorr H, Hahn H, Golder W, Hollmann G, Knorr D. Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of plasma aldosterone, corticosterone. 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and cortisone J Steroid Biochem 1978; 9: 63–74
   Google Scholar
• Neri G, Malendowicz L K, Andreis P G, Nussdorfer G G. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone inhibits glucocorticoid secretion of rat adrenal cortex in vivo and in vitro studies. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 511–514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussdorfer G G, Malendowicz L K, Meneghelli V, Mazzocchi G. Neurotensin enhances plasma adrenocorticotropin concentration by stimulating corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Life Sci 1992; 50: 639–643
   Google Scholar
• Torack R M, Finke E M. Evidence for a sequestration of function within the area postrema based on scanning electron microscopy and the penetration of horseradish peroxidase. Z Zellforsch 1971; 118: 85–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katsuura G, Arimura A, Koves K, Gootschall P E. Involvement of organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis and preoptic area in interleukin-1β-induced ACTH release. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: E163–E171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein S R, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Scherbaum W A, Pfeiffer E F. Adrenocortical atrophy of hypophysectomized rats can be reduced by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Cell Tissue Res 1990; 260: 161–166
   Google Scholar
• Andreis P G, Neri G, Nussdorfer G G. Corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulates corticosterone secretion by the rat adrenal gland Endocrinology 1991; 128: 1198–1200
   Google Scholar
• Andreis P G, Neri G, Mazzocchi G, Musajo F G, Nussdorfer G G. Direct secretagogue effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on the rat adrenal cortex: the involvement of the zona medullaris. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 69–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzocchi G, Musajo F G, Malendowicz L K, Andreis P G, Nussdorfer G G. Interleukin-β stimulates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release by rat adrenal gland in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 1993; 4: 267–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinson G P, Teja R, Ho M M, Puddefoot J R. A two cell type theory for aldosterone biosynthesis: the roles 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase and a high capacity tightly binding steroid carrier for 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone in rat adrenals. J Endocrinol 1995; 144: 359–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello C A, Clowes GH A, Jr, Gordon H A, Saravis C A, Wolff S M. Cleavage of human interleukin isolation of a peptide fragment from plasma of febrile humans and activated monocytes. J Immunol 1984; 133: 1332–1338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peretti M, Duncan G S, Flower R J, Peer S H. Serum corticosterone interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in rat experimental endotoxaemia: comparison between Lewis and Wistar strains. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 110: 868–874
   Google Scholar
• Derijk R, Van Rooijen N, Tilders FJ H, Besedowsky H O, DelRey A, Berkenbosch F. Selective depletion of macrophages prevents pituitary-adrenal activation in response to subpyrogenic but not pyrogenic doses of bacterial endotoxin in rats. Endocrinology 1991; 129: 330–338
   Google Scholar
• Schultzberg M, Andersson C, Unden A, Troye-Blomberg M, Svenson S B, Bartfai T. Interleukin-1 in adrenal chromaffin cells. Neuroscience 1989; 30: 805–810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judd A M, MacLeod R M. Adrenocorticotropin increases interleukin-6 release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 131–136
   Google Scholar
• Muramami N, Fukata J, Tsukada T, Kobayashi H, Ebisui O, Segawa H, Muro S, Imura H, Nakao K. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of interleukin-6 messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland, and spleen. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 2574–2578
   Google Scholar
• Rohr H P, Bartsch G, Eichenberger P, Rasser Y, Kaiser C H, Keller M. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of the unstimulated adrenal cortex of rats. J Ultrastruct Res 1976; 54: 11–21
   Google Scholar