The Effects of a Continuous Application of Aluminum Sulfate on Lotic Benthic Invertebrates

References

• Arthur , J. W. and Horning , W. B. II . 1969 . The use of artificial substrates in pollution surveys. . Am. Mid. Nat. , 82 : 83 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. P. and Sohofield , C. L. 1982 . Aluminum toxicity to fish in acidic waters. . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 18 : 289 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannink , B. A. and Van der Vlugt , J. C. 1978 . Hydrobiolgical and chemical response to the addition of iron and aluminium slats, studied in three Lund-type butylrubber reservoirs. . Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. , 20 : 1816 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Barbiero , R. Unpublished data. Seattle : Dep. Civil Eng., Univ. Washington .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , W. M. Jr. 1977 . Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Common Freshwater Chironomidae. EPA-600/4–77-024. Cincinnati , OH : U. S. Environ. Prot. Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , H. L. 1971 . Effect of low pH on the survival and emergence of aquatic insects. . Water Res. , 5 : 313 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burks , B. D. 1953 . The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. . Bull. III. Nat. Hist. Surv. , 26 : 1 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Burrows , H. D. 1977 . Aquatic aluminum chemistry, toxicology and environmental prevalence. . CRC Critical Reviews in Environ. Control , 7 : 167 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , G. D. and Carlson , R. E. 1986 . Water quality management in a drinking water reservoir. . Lake Reserv. Manage. , 2 : 363 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , G. D. , Welch , E. B. , Peterson , S. A. and Newroth , P. R. 1986 . Lake and Reservoir Restoration. Boston : Ann Arbor Sci. Press. Butter-worths .
   Google Scholar
• Cover , E. C. and Harrel , R. C. 1978 . Sequences of colonization, diversity, biomass and productivity of macroinvertebrates on artificial substrates in a freshwater canal. . Hydrobioiogia , 59 : 81 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , R. J. , Driscoll , C. T. , Likens , G. E. and Pratt , J. M. 1985 . Physical, chemical, and biological consequences of episodic aluminum additions to a stream. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 30 : 212 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havas , M. and Hutchinson , T. C. 1982 . Aquatic invertebrates from the Smoking Hills, N.W.T.:effect of pH and metals on mortality. . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci , 39 : 890 – 903 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havas , M. and Likens , G. E. 1985 . Toxicity of aluminum and hydrogen ions to Daphnia catawba Holopedium gibberum Chaoborus peunctipennis, and Chironpmus anthrocinus from Mirror Lake, NH. . Can. J. Zool. , 63 : 1114 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes , C. R. , Clark , R. G. , Stent , R. F. and Redshaw , G. J. 1984 . The control of algae by chemical treatment in a eutrophic water supply reservoir, J. . Inst. Water Eng. Sci. , 38 : 149 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Hem , J. D. 1968 . Graphical methods for studies of aqueous aluminum hydroxide, fluoride and sulfate complexes. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap. No. 1827B.
   Google Scholar
• Hem , J. D. and Roberson , C. E. 1967 . Form and stability of aluminum hydroxide complexes in dilute solutions. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap. N0. 1827A.
   Google Scholar
• Hester , F. E. and Dendy , J. S. 1962 . A multi-plate sampler for aquatic macroinvertebrates. . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 91 : 420 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilsenhoff , W. L. 1975 . Aquatic Insects of Wisconsin. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Bull. No. 89. WI : Madison .
   Google Scholar
• Leivestad , H. , Hendrey , G. , Muniz , I. and Snekvik , E. 1976 . “ Effects of acid precipitation on freshwater organisms. ” . In Impact of Acid Precipitation on Forest and Freshwater Ecosystems in Norway. Edited by: Braekke , F. Norway : Acid Precipitation Effects on Forest and Fish Project. Aas .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , W. T. Jr. 1973 . An Introduction to the Identification of Chironomid Larvae. Cincinnati , OH : MERC/U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , W. T. Jr. , Lewis , P. A. and Anderson , J. B. 1971 . Macroin-vertebrate Collections and Water Quality Monitoring in the Ohio River Basin 1973–1967. Cincinnati , OH : Water Qual. Off. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Meier , P. G. , Penrose , D. L. and Polak , L. 1979 . The rate of colonization by macroinvertebrates on artificial substrate samplers. . Freshwater Biol. , 9 : 381 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merritt , R. W. and Cummins , K. W. , eds. 1984 . An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. IA : Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. Dubuque .
   Google Scholar
• Pennak , R. W. 1953 . Fresh-water Invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press Co. New York. .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , R. G. and Jones , N. V. 1975 . The colonization of artificial substrata by stream macro-invertebrates. . Prog. Water Tech. , 7 : 497 – 504 .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , K. W. and Bode , R. W. 1980 . Common Larvae of Chironomidae (Dipteral from New York State Streams and Rivers with Particular Reference to the Fauna of Artificial Substrates. Bull. No. 439. Albany : Univ. State New York State Educ. Dep. .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. W. and Hem , J. D. 1972 . Effect of aging on aluminum hydroxide complexes in dilute aqueous media. U.S. Geol. Surv. Pap. 1827-D.
   Google Scholar
• Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1976 . , , 14th ed. New York : Am. Pub. Health Ass. .
   Google Scholar
• Waters , T. F. 1972 . The drift of stream insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 253–72.
   Google Scholar
• Williams , D. D. 1980 . Temporal patterns in recolonization of stream benthos. . Arch. Hydrobiol. , 90 : 56 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , D. D. and Hynes , H. B.N. 1976 . The recolonization mechanisms of stream benthos. . Oikos , 27 : 265 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar