235
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

An Historical Account of Water Quality Changes in Candlewood Lake, Connecticut, Over a Sixty Year Period Using Paleolimnology and Ten Years of Monitoring Data

, , &
Pages 15-28 | Published online: 29 Jan 2009

References

  • Ackerman , W. C. , White , G. F. and Worthington , E. B. , eds. 1973 . “ Summary of symposium and recommendations. ” . In Man-made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects. 3 – 40 . Virginia : William Byrd Press .
  • Anderson , N. J. 1989 . A whole diatom accumulation rate for a small eutrophic lake in northern Ireland and its paleoecological implications. . J. Ecol. , 77 : 926 – 946 .
  • Appleby , P. G. and Oldfield , F. 1983 . The assessment of 210Pb data from sites with varying sediment accumulation rates. . Hydrobiologia , 103 : 23 – 35 .
  • Baranov , I. V. 1961 . “ Biohydrochemical classification of the reservoirs in the European U.S.S.R. ” . In The storage lakes of the U.S.S.R. and their importance for fishery Edited by: Tyurin , P. V. 139 – 183 . Jerusalem : Israel Program for Scientific Translations .
  • Battarbee , R. W. 1986 . “ Diatom analysis. ” . In Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeochydrology. Edited by: Berglund , B. E. 527 – 570 . NY : Wiley & Sons . 869 p
  • Bell , M. 1985 . The face of Connecticut; people, geology, and the land. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Bulletin 110 196
  • Benson , N. G. 1982 . Some observations on the ecology and fish management of reservoirs in the United States. . Can. Wat. Res. J. , 7 : 2 – 25 .
  • Birks , H. J.B. , Line , J. M. , Jugins , S. , Stevenson , A. C. and ter Braak , C. J.F. 1990 . Diatoms and pH reconstruction. . Phil Trans. r. Soc. Lond. B , 327 : 263 – 277 .
  • Brenner , M. , Whitmore , T. J. , Flannery , M. S. and Binford , M. W. 1993 . Paleolimnological methods for defining target conditions in lake restoration: Florida case studies. . Lake Reserv. Manage. , 7 : 209 – 217 .
  • Brugam , R. B. 1978 . Human disturbance and the historical development of Linsley Pond. . Ecology , 59 : 19 – 36 .
  • Charles , D. F. and Smol , J. P. 1994 . “ Long-term chemical changes in lakes: Quantitative inferences using biotic remains in die sediment record. ” . In Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoir, Advances in Chemistry Series 237. Edited by: Baker , L. 3 – 31 . Washington D.C : American Chemical Society . 627 p
  • Charles , D. F. , Smol , J. P. and Engstrom , D. R. 1994 . “ Paleolimnological approaches to biomonitoring. ” . In Biological monitoring of biological systems. Edited by: Loeb , S. and Spacie , A. 233 – 293 . Ann Arbor , MI : Lewis Press .
  • Christie , C. E. and Smol , J. P. 1993 . Diatom assemblages as indicators of lake trophic status in Southeastern Ontario lakes. . J. Phycol. , 29 : 575 – 586 .
  • Cornett , R. J. Personal communication. Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited, Environmental Reasearch Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 2J0 Canada
  • Cornett , R. J. , Chant , L. and Link , D. 1984 . Sedimentation of 210Pb in Laurentian Shield lakes. . Water Poll. Res. J. Can. , 19 : 97 – 109 .
  • CT Department of Environmental Protection, Water Compliance Unit. 1983 . Phase I diagnostic / feasibility study Candlewood Lake Brookfield, Danbury, New Fairfield, Sherman, CT. 1983. 187 CT : Hartford .
  • CT Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Management. 1991 . Trophic classifications of forty-nine Connecticut lakes. 98 CT : Hartford .
  • Cumming , B. F. , Smol , J. P. and Birks , H. J.B. 1992 . Scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Adirondack drainage lakes and their relationship to environmental variables. . J. Phycol. , 28 : 162 – 178 .
  • Davis , R. B. 1987 . Paleolimnological diatom studies of acidification of lakes by acid rain: an application of quaternary science. . Quatern. Sci. Rev. , 6 : 147 – 163 .
  • Deevey , E. S. Jr. 1940 . Limnological studies in Connecticut. V. A contribution to regional limnology . Am. J. Sci. , 238 : 717 – 741 .
  • Edmondson , W. T. 1991 . The uses of ecology: Lake Washington and beyond. 329 Seattle : Univ. of Washington Press .
  • Engstrom , D. R. , Swain , E. B. and Kingston , J. C. 1985 . A palaeolimnological record of human disturbance from Harvey's Lake, Vermont: geochemistry, pigments, and diatoms. . Freshwater Biol. , 15 : 261 – 288 .
  • Ford , J. 1976 . Candlewood Lake; A view of its future based on its history and development. Manuscript for Multidisciplinary Seminar on Environment and Man at Yale University New Haven , CT
  • Franson , M. H. 1985 . Standard Methods For die Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1268 Washington DC : American Public Health Association .
  • Freeda , S. J. and Siver , P. A. 1986 . Seasonal succession and vertical distribution of phytoplankton in Candlewood Lake, CT. . Rhodora , 88 : 331 – 346 .
  • Frink , C. R. and Norvell , W. A. 1984 . Chemical and physical properties of Connecticut Lakes. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Bulletin 817.
  • Fritz , S. C. 1989 . Lake development and limnological response to prehistoric and historic land-use in Diss. . Norfolk, U. K. J. of Ecology , 77 : 182 – 202 .
  • Gates , R. A. Personal Communication. Northeast Utilities, 41 Park Lane, New Milford, CT, 06776 USA
  • Glew , J. R. 1988 . A portable extruding device for close interval sectioning of unconsolidated core samples. . J. of Paleolimnol. , 1 : 235 – 239 .
  • Glew , J. R. 1989 . A new trigger mechanism for sediment samplers. . J. of Paleolimnol. , 2 : 241 – 243 .
  • Haworth , E. Y. 1984 . “ Stratigraphic changes in algal remains (diatoms and chrysophytes) in the recent sediments of Blelham Tarn, English lake district. ” . In Lake sediments and environmental history. Edited by: Haworth , E. Y. and Lund , J. W.G. 165 – 190 . University of Minnesota Press. .
  • Hutchinson , G. E. 1967 . A Treatise on Limnology Vol. 2 , 1115 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Kennedy , R. H. and Walker , W. W. 1990 . “ Reservoir nutrient dynamics. ” . In Reservoir limnology: ecological perspectives. Edited by: Thornton , K. W. , Kimmel , B. L. and Payne , F. E. 109 – 129 . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . 246 p
  • Kimmel , B. L. and Groeger , A. W. 1986 . “ Limnological and ecological changes associated with reservoir aging. ” . In Reservoir Fisheries Management: Strategies for the 80's. Edited by: Hall , G. E. and Van Den Avyle , M. J. Bediesda , Maryland : Reservoir Committee, Southern Division American Fisheries Society .
  • Koppen , J. D. 1975 . A morphological and taxonomic consideration of Tabellaria (Bacillariophyceae) from the northcentral United States. . J. Phycol. , 11 : 236 – 244 .
  • Kortman , R. W. and Henry , D. D. 1990 . Mirrors of the landscape. 127 CT : Connecticut Institute of Water Resource. Storrs .
  • Lott , A. , Siver , P. A. , Marsicano , L. J. , Kodama , K. P. and Moeller , R. E. 1994 . The paleolimnology of a small waterbody in die Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania, USA: reconstructing 19th-20th century specific conductivity trends in relation to changing land use. . J. of Paleolimnol. , 12 : 75 – 86 .
  • Lorenzen , C. J. 1967 . Determination of chlorophyll and phaeo-pigments: spectrophotometric equations. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 12 : 343
  • Marsicano , L. M. and Siver , P. A. 1993 . A paleolimnological assessment of lake acidification in five Connecticut lakes. . J. Paleolimnol. , 9 : 209 – 221 .
  • Marzolf , G. R. and Wood , C. W. 1993 . Long-term monitoring and research in Lake Powell. . Park Sci. , 13 : 7 – 9 .
  • Nörusis , M. J. 1985 . SPSSX: Advanced statistics guide. McGraw-Hill. .
  • Norvell , W. A. , Frink , C. R. and Hill , D. E. 1979 . Phosphorus in Connecticut lakes predicted by land use. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 76 : 5426 – 5429 .
  • Olem , H. and Flock , G. , eds. 1990 . Lake and reservoir restoration guidance manual. 2nd edition EPA 440/4–90-006. 326 Washington , DC : Prep. N. Am. Lake Manage. Soc. for U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency .
  • Ostrofsky , M. L. and Duthie , H. C. 1980 . Trophic upsurge and the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and productivity in Smallwood Reservoir, Canada. . Can. J. Bot. , 58 : 1174 – 1180 .
  • Persson , G. , Olsson , H. , Wiederholm , T. and Willen , E. 1989 . Lake Vattern, Sweden: a 20 year perspective. . Ambio , 18 : 208 – 215 .
  • Siver , P. A. 1991 . The biology of Mallomonas: morphology, taxonomy, and ecology. 230 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Siver , P. A. 1993 . Inferring lakewater specific conductivity using scaled chrysophytes. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 38 : 1480 – 1492 .
  • Siver , P. A. and Hamer , J. S. 1989 . Multivariate statistical analysis of the factors controlling the distribution of scaled chrysophytes. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 34 : 368 – 381 .
  • Siver , P. A. and Hamer , J. S. 1990 . Use of extant populations of scaled chrysophytes for the inference of lakewater pH. . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 47 : 1339 – 1347 .
  • Smol , J. P. 1992 . Paleolimnology: An important tool for effective ecosystem management. . J Aquat. Ecosystem Health , 1 : 49 – 58 .
  • Smol , J. P. 1995 . “ Application of chrysophytes to problems in paleoecology. ” . In Chrysophyte Algae: Ecology, Phylogeny and Development. Edited by: Sandgren , C. D. , Smol , J. P. and Kristiansen , J. Cambridge Univ. Press. .
  • ter Braak , C. J.F. 1986 . Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. . Ecology , 67 : 1167 – 1179 .
  • ter Braak , C. J.F. 1989 . CANOCO – an extension of Decorana to analyze species-environment relationships. . Hydrobiol. , 184 : 169 – 170 .
  • ter Braak , C. J.F. 1990 . CANOCO – A fortran program for canonical community ordination. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, N.Y. U.S.A., Version 3. 1.
  • Thornton , K. W. 1990 . “ Perspectives on reservoir limnology. ” . In Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives. Edited by: Thornton , K. W. , Kimmel , B. L. and Payne , F. E. 1 – 14 . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . 246 p
  • Thornton , K. W. , Kimmel , B. L. and Payne , F. E. , eds. 1990 . Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives. 246 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
  • Wetzel , R. G. 1983 . Limnology. 767 Saunders College Publishing. .
  • Wedepohl , R. E. , Knaur , D. R. , Wolbert , G. B. , Olem , H. , Garrison , P. J. and Kepford , K. 1990 . Monitoring Lakes and Reservoir Restoration. EPA 440/4–90007. , Prep, by N. Am. Lake Manage. Soc. for U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency Washington , DC
  • Whitmore , T. J. 1989 . Florida diatom assemblages as indicators of trophic state and pH. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 34 : 882 – 895 .
  • Winkler , M. G. 1988 . Paleolimnology of a Cape Cod kettle pond: diatoms and reconstructing pH. . Ecol. Monogr. , 58 : 197 – 214 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.