REFERENCES
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2010 . Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines . MMWR Recomm Rep. , 59 ( RR-12 ) : 1 – 110 .
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2011 . Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2010 , 1 – 155 . Atlanta, GA : US Department of Health and Human Services .
- Janier , M , Lassau , F , Casin , I and Morel , JP . 2003 . Pharyngeal gonorrhoea: the forgotten reservoir . Sex Transm Infect. , 79 : 345
- McMillan , A , Young , H and Moyes , A . 2000 . Rectal gonorrhoea in homosexual men: source of infection . Int J STD AIDS. , 11 : 284 – 287 .
- Moran , J S . 1995 . Treating uncomplicated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections: is the anatomic site of infection important? . Sex Transm Dis. , 22 : 39 – 47 .
- Kinghorn , G . 2010 . Pharyngeal gonorrhoea: a silent cause for concern . Sex Transm Infect , 86 : 413 – 4144 .
- Weinstock , H and Workowski , K . 2009 . Pharyngeal gonorrhea: an important reservoir of infection? . Clin Infect Dis. , 49 : 1798 – 1800 .
- Morris , S R , Klausner , J D Buchbinder , S P . 2006 . Prevalence and incidence of pharyngeal gonorrhea in a longitudinal sample of men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE study . Clin Infect Dis. , 43 : 1284 – 1289 .
- Kent , C , Chaw , J Wong , W . 2003 . Prevalence of rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhea detected in 2 clinical settings among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, California . Clin Infect Dis , 41 : 67 – 85 .
- Bernstein , K T , Stephens , S Barry , P M . 2009 . Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission from the oropharynx to the urethra among men who have sex with men . Clin Infect Dis. , 49 : 1793 – 1797 .
- Winkelstein , W , Lyman , D Padian , N . 1987 . Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus . JAMA. , 257 : 321 – 325 .
- HIV InSite . University of California San Francisco. Risk of HIV infection through receptive oral sex. Available at:http://www.hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite?page=pr-rr-05.Accessed March 14, 2003 .
- Dillon , B , Hecht , F M and Swanson , M . Primary HIV infections associated with oral transmission . Program and Abstracts of the 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; San Francisco, California; January 30–February 2, 2000 , Abstract 473
- Lister , N A , Smith , A Tabrizi , S . 2003 . Screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in men who have sex with men at male-only saunas . Sex Transm Dis , 30 : 886 – 889 .
- Phipps , W , Stanley , H , Kohn , J , Stansell , J and Klausner , J . 2005 . Syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea screening in HIV-infected patients in primary care, San Francisco, California, 2003 . AIDS Patient Care STDS , 19 : 495 – 498 .
- Gunn , R , O’Brien , C , Lee , M and Gilchick , R . 2008 . Gonorrhea screening among men who have sex with men: value of multiple anatomic site testing, San Diego, California, 1997–2003 . Sex Transm Dis , 35 : 845 – 848 .
- Mimiaga , M J , Mayer , K H Reisner , S L . 2008 . Asymptomatic gonorrhea and chlamydial infections detected by nucleic acid amplification tests among Boston area men who have sex with men . Sex Transm Dis , 35 : 495 – 498 .
- Baker , J , Plankey , M Josayama , Y . 2009 . The prevalence of rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis among asymptomatic men who have sex with men in a prospective cohort in Washington, D.C . AIDS Patient Care STDS , 23 : 585 – 588 .
- Annan , N T , Sullivan , A K Nori , A . 2009 . Rectal chlamydia—a reservoir of undiagnosed infection in men who have sex with men . Sex Transm Infect , 85 : 176 – 179 .
- US Preventive Services Task Force . 2005 . Screening for gonorrhea: recommendation statement . Ann Fam Med , 3 : 263 – 267 .
- Schachter , J , Moncada , J , Liska , S , Shayevich , C and Klausner , J . 2008 . Nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of chlamydial and gonococcal infections of the oropharynx and rectum in men who have sex with men . Sex Transm Dis , 35 : 637 – 642 .
- Bachmann , L H , Johnson , R E , Cheng , H , Markowitz , L , Papp , L and Hook , E . 2009 . Nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae oropharyngeal infections . J Clin Microbiol , 47 : 902 – 907 .
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . HIV prevention through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases—United States . MMWR Recomm Rep , 1 – 24 . 1998;47(RR-12)
- Smith , P and Roberts , C . 2009 . American College Health Association annual Pap test and sexually transmitted infection survey: 2006 . J Am Coll Health. , 57 : 389 – 394 .
- Wasserheit , J N . 1992 . Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases . Sex Transm Dis , 19 : 61 – 77 .
- Fleming , D T and Wasserheit , J N . 1999 . From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV . Sex Transm Infect , 75 : 3 – 17 .