REFERENCES
- Bonham VL, Dover GJ, Brody LC. Screening student athletes for sickle cell trait—a social and clinical experiment. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:997–999.
- Brousseau DC, Panepinto JA, Nimmer M, Hoffmann RG. The number of people with sickle-cell disease in the United States: national and state estimates. Am J Hematol. 2010;85:77–78.
- Hassell KL. Population estimates of sickle cell disease in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(4 suppl):S512–S521.
- Kark JA, Posey DM, Schumacher HR, Ruehle CJ. Sickle-cell trait as a risk factor for sudden death in physical training. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:781–787.
- Kerle KK, Nishimura KD. Exertional collapse and sudden death associated with sickle cell trait. Am Fam Physician. 1996;54:237–240.
- Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Klossner D, Asif IM. Sickle cell trait associated with a RR of death of 37 times in National Collegiate Athletic Association football athletes: a database with 2 million athlete-years as the denominator. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:325–330.
- Harris KM, Haas TS, Eichner ER, Maron BJ. Sickle cell trait associated with sudden death in competitive athletes. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:1185–1188.
- Key NS, Derebail VK. Sickle-cell trait: novel clinical significance. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2010;2010:418–422.
- Shelmadine BD, Baltensperger A, Wilson RL, Bowden RG. Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a sickle cell trait athlete: a case study. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23:235–237.
- Scheinin L, Wetli CV. Sudden death and sickle cell trait: medicolegal considerations and implications. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2009;30:204–208.
- Hosick M. Protocol decided for sickle cell testing. Mid-Eastern Atlantic Conference. Available at: http://www.meacsports.com/fls/20800/Compliance/Bulletins/LoopApril152010.pdf?DB_OEM_ID = 20800. Published April 13, 2013. Accessed October 7, 2013.
- Jordan LB, Smith-Whitley K, Treadwell MJ, Telfair J, Grant AM, Ohene-frempong K. Screening U.S. college athletes for their sickle cell disease carrier status. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(6 suppl 4):S406–S412.
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Blood disorders and blood safety. Healthy People 2020. . Available at: http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid = 4. Published November 2010. Accessed November 15, 2013.
- Acharya K, Benjamin H, Clayton E, Ross L. Attitudes and beliefs of sports medicine providers to sickle cell trait screening of student athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 21:480–485
- Eichner ER. Sickle cell trait in sports. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010;9:347–351.
- Romero IL. Ereck Plancher's family will appeal ruling slashing UCF damages. Orlando Sentinel. . Available at: http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-08-16/sports/os-ucf-ereck-plancher-family-will-appeal-ruling-slashing-damages-20130816_1_plancher-case-ucf-athletics-association-ucfaa. Published August 16, 2013. Accessed November 17, 2013.
- CBS Interactive. Resolution reached in Bennie Abram case regarding sickle cell trait. Ole Miss Football: the official site of the Ole Miss Rebels. . Available at: http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/072213aaa.html. Published July 22, 2013. Accessed November 17, 2013.
- Clarke C, Paul S, Stilson M, Senf J. Sickle cell trait preparticipation screening practices of collegiate physicians. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16:440.
- American College Health Association. Healthy Campus 2020. Baltimore, MD: American College Health Association; 2012.
- Hicksg EJ, Griep JA, Nordschow CD. Comparison of results for three methods of hemoglobin S identification. Clin Chem. 1973;19:533–535.
- Streck. Sickle cell screening test. . Available at: http://www.streck.com/resources/Hematology/SICKLEDEX/08_Paper_SICKLEDEX_-_Screening_Test_Guidelines.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2013.
- Grant AM, Parker CS, Jordan LB, et al. Public health implications of sickle cell trait: a report of the CDC meeting. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(6 suppl 4):S435–S439.
- Koopmans J, Cox LA, Benjamin H, Clayton EW, Ross LF. Sickle cell trait screening in athletes: pediatricians’ attitudes and concerns. Pediatrics. 2011;128:477–483.
- American Society of Hematology. Statement on screening for sickle cell trait and athletic participation. . Available at: http://www.hematology.org/advocacy/policy-statements/7704.aspx. Published January 26, 2012. Accessed March 3, 2014.
- Wailoo K, Pemberton S. The Troubled Dream of Genetic Medicine: Ethnicity and Innovation in Tay-Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sickle Cell Disease. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2006.
- Delgado R, Stefancic J. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press; 2001
- Strecher V, Rosenstock I. The health belief model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1996:1–59.
- Stewart K. An Examination of African American College Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Disease Carrier Testing: A Mixed Methods Study [doctoral dissertation]. Birmingham: University of Alabama at Birmingham; 2007.
- Piedmont Health Services and Sickle Cell Agency. Sickle cell. . Available at: http://www.piedmonthealthservices.org/quiz./ Accessed November 20, 2013.
- National Human Genome Research Institute. Genetic discrimination. . Available at: http://www.genome.gov/10002077. Accessed November 20, 2013.
- National Human Genome Research Institute. The ethical, legal, and social implications research program. . Available at: http://www.genome.gov/10001618. Accessed November 20, 2013.
- English D, Lambert SF, Ialongo NS. Longitudinal associations between experienced racial discrimination and depressive symptoms in African American adolescents [published online ahead of print November 4, 2013]. Dev Psychol. doi: 10.1037/a0034703.
- Hudson DL, Puterman E, Bibbins-domingo K, Matthews KA, Adler NE. Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Soc Sci Med. 2013;97:7–14.
- Simiyu NW. Challenges of being a black student athlete on U.S. college campuses. J Issues Intercoll Athletics. 2012;5:40–63
- Treadwell MJ, Mcclough L, Vichinsky E. Using qualitative and quantitative strategies to evaluate knowledge and perceptions about sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98:704–710.
- Aloe A, Kladny B, Campbell M, Krishnamurthi L. Sickle cell trait testing in the athlete: experience at the University of Pittsburgh . [abstract]. Am J Hematol. 2010;85:E35–E36.