Effect of Seminar on Compassion on student self-compassion, mindfulness and well-being: A randomized controlled trial

References

• Lederer A, Oswalt S, Halbritter A, Day C. Trends in College Students' Mental Health Diagnoses and Utilization of Services, 2009–2015. Poster presented at: American College Health Association; May 31, 2017; Austin, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews B, Wilding JM. The relation of depression and anxiety to life‐stress and achievement in students. Br J Psychol. 2004;95(4):509–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Adams CE, Glazebrook C. A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(3):391–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher R. National survey of counseling center directors: 2008 (Monograph Series No. 8Q). Alexandria, VA: The International Association of Counseling Services; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie S, Wiegel JR, Mundt M, et al. Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus health care. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2011;81(1):101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord. 2015;173:90–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2016. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Bamber MD, Schneider JK. Mindfulness-based meditation to decrease stress and anxiety in college students: a narrative synthesis of the research. Educ Res Rev. 2016;18:1–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oman D, Shapiro SL, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T. Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Health. 2008;56(5):569–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell K, Harrison M, Adams M, Quin RH, Greeson J. Developing mindfulness in college students through movement-based courses: effects on self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, stress, and sleep quality. J Am Coll Health. 2010;58(5):433–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regehr C, Glancy D, Pitts A. Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2013;148(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deckro GR, Ballinger KM, Hoyt M, et al. The evaluation of a mind/body intervention to reduce psychological distress and perceived stress in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2002;50(6):281–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol: Science Prac. 2003;10(2):144–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haight R. The classroom is a sangha: Contemplative education in the community college. New Dir. Commu. Coll. 2010;2010(151):29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchhart R, Perkins DN. Life in the mindful classroom: Nurturing the disposition of mindfulness. J Soc Issues. 2000;56(1):27–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmer-Brown J, Grace F. Meditation and the classroom: contemplative pedagogy for religious studies. Albany, NY: SUNY Press; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Zinger L. Educating for tolerance and compassion: is there a place for meditation in a college classroom? Coll Teach Meth & Styl J (CTMS). 2011;4(4):25–28.
   Google Scholar
• Canby NK, Cameron IM, Calhoun AT, Buchanan GM. A brief mindfulness intervention for healthy college students and its effects on psychological distress, self-control, meta-mood, and subjective vitality. Mindfulness. 2015;6(5):1071–1081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada K, Victor TL. The impact of mindful awareness practices on college student health, well-being, and capacity for learning: a pilot study. Psychol Learn Teach. 2012;11(2):139–145.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Thoresen C, Plante TG. The moderation of mindfulness‐based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: results from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2011;67(3):267–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro SL, Oman D, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T. Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well‐being. J Clin Psychol. 2008;64(7):840–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helber C, Zook NA, Immergut M. Meditation in Higher Education: Does it Enhance Cognition? Innov High Educ. 2012;37(5):349–358.
   Google Scholar
• Neff KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Identity. 2003;2(3):223–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neely ME, Schallert DL, Mohammed SS, Roberts RM, Chen Y-J. Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students' well-being. Motiv Emot. 2009;33(1):88–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Batts Allen A, Hancock J. Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;92(5):887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff KD, Kirkpatrick KL, Rude SS. Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. J Res Pers. 2007;41(1):139–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeets E, Neff K, Alberts H, Peters M. Meeting suffering with kindness: Effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for female college students. J Clin Psychol. 2014;70(9):794–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert P. Compassion: Conceptualisations, Research and Use in Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Routledge; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann SG, Grossman P, Hinton DE. Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(7):1126–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace TW, Negi LT, Adame DD, et al. Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(1):87–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrecht N, Albrecht P, Cohen M. Mindfully teaching in the classroom: A literature review. Aust J Teach Ed. 2012;37(12):1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Meiklejohn J, Phillips C, Freedman ML, et al. Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness. 2012;3(4):291–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black DS, Fernando R. Mindfulness training and classroom behavior among lower-income and ethnic minority elementary school children. J Child Fam Stud. 2014;23(7):1242–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weare K. Developing mindfulness with children and young people: a review of the evidence and policy context. J Child Serv. 2013;8(2):141–153.
   Google Scholar
• Zenner C, Herrnleben-Kurz S, Walach H. Mindfulness-based interventions in schools—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers Psychol. 2014;5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oman D, Shapiro SL, Thoresen CE, Flinders T, Driskill JD, Plante TG. Learning from spiritual models and meditation: A randomized evaluation of a college course. Pastoral Psychol. 2007;55(4):473–493.
   Google Scholar
• Astin AW, Astin HS, Lindholm JA. Cultivating the spirit: How college can enhance students' inner lives. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell K, Emery L, Harrison M, Greeson J. Changes in mindfulness, well-being, and sleep quality in college students through taijiquan courses: A cohort control study. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(10):931–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napora L. The impact of classroom-based meditation practice on cognitive engagement, mindfulness and academic performance of undergraduate college students [doctoral dissertation]. Buffalo, New York: State University of New York at Buffalo; 2013. Published 2013. Accessed May 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Granger DA, Kivlighan KT, El‐Sheikh M, Gordis EB, Stroud LR. Salivary α‐amylase in biobehavioral research. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1098(1):122–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nater UM, Rohleder N. Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(4):486–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohleder N, Nater UM, Wolf JM, Ehlert U, Kirschbaum C. Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary alpha-amylase: an indicator of sympathetic activity? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1032(1):258–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noto Y, Sato T, Kudo M, Kurata K, Hirota K. The relationship between salivary biomarkers and state-trait anxiety inventory score under mental arithmetic stress: A pilot study. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(6):1873–1876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takai N, Yamaguchi M, Aragaki T, Eto K, Uchihashi K, Nishikawa Y. Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults. Arch Oral Bioly. 2004;49(12):963–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterton RT, Vogelsong KM, Lu YC, Ellman AB, Hudgens GA. Salivary α‐amylase as a measure of endogenous adrenergic activity. Clin Phys. 1996;16(4):433–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Filaire E, Portier H, Massart A, Ramat L, Teixeira A. Effect of lecturing to 200 students on heart rate variability and alpha-amylase activity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):1035–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch JA, Brand HS, Ligtenberg TJ, Bermond B, Hoogstraten J, Amerongen AVN. Psychological stress as a determinant of protein levels and salivary-induced aggregation of Streptococcus gordonii in human whole saliva. Psychosom Med. 1996;58(4):374–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y. Psychological stress‐induced changes in salivary alpha-amylase and adrenergic activity. Nurs Health Sci. 2010;12(4):477–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed GF, Lynn F, Meade BD. Use of coefficient of variation in assessing variability of quantitative assays. Clin Diagn Lab Immun. 2002;9(6):1235–1239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baer RA, Smith GT, Lykins E, et al. Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assess. 2008;15(3):329–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff K. Self-compassion: Embracing suffering with kindness. In: Ivtzan I, Lomas T, ed. Mindfulness in Positive Psychology: The Science of Meditation and Wellbeing. New York, NY: Routledge; 2016:37–50.
   Google Scholar
• Daye CA, Webb JB, Jafari N. Exploring self-compassion as a refuge against recalling the body-related shaming of caregiver eating messages on dimensions of objectified body consciousness in college women. Body Image. 2014;11(4):547–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay-Jones AL, Rees CS, Kane RT. Self-compassion, emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists: Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling. PloS One. 2015;10(7):e0133481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff KD, Hsieh Y-P, Dejitterat K. Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self Identity. 2005;4(3):263–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pommier EA. The compassion scale [doctoral dissertation]. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin; 2010. Accessed May 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. App Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shean G, Baldwin G. Sensitivity and specificity of depression questionnaires in a college-age sample. J Genet Psychol. 2008;169(3):281–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D scale. Appl Psychol Meas.1977;1(3):385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, Roberts RE, Allen NB. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychol Aging. 1997;12(2):277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes LLB, Harp D, Jung WS. Reliability generalization of scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Educ Psychol Meas. 2002;62(4):603–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Beh. 1983;24:386–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald J. Handbook of Biological Statistics. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Sparky House Publishing; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Chang VY, Palesh O, Caldwell R, et al. The effects of a mindfulness‐based stress reduction program on stress, mindfulness self‐efficacy, and positive states of mind. Stress Health. 2004;20(3):141–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa A, Serretti A. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: a review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(5):593–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagaki TK, Eisenberger NI. Giving support to others reduces sympathetic nervous system‐related responses to stress. Psychophysiology. 2016;53(4):427–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arch JJ, Brown KW, Dean DJ, Landy LN, Brown KD, Laudenslager ML. Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;42:49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arch JJ, Landy LN, Brown KW. Predictors and moderators of biopsychological social stress responses following brief self-compassion meditation training. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;69:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breines JG, McInnis CM, Kuras YI, et al. Self-compassionate young adults show lower salivary alpha-amylase responses to repeated psychosocial stress. Self Identity. 2015;14(4):390–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley CS, Travers LV, Bryant FB. Promoting psychosocial adjustment and stress management in first-year college students: The benefits of engagement in a psychosocial wellness seminar. J Am Coll Health. 2013;61(2):75–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley CS, Durlak JA, Dickson DA. An evaluative review of outcome research on universal mental health promotion and prevention programs for higher education students. J Am Coll Health. 2013;61(5):286–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flook L, Goldberg SB, Pinger L, Bonus K, Davidson RJ. Mindfulness for teachers: A pilot study to assess effects on stress, burnout, and teaching efficacy. Mind, Brain, Educ. 2013;7(3):182–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson L-M, Leyland A, Hudson K, Rowse G, Hanley P, Hugh-Jones S. Teaching Mindfulness to Teachers: a Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Mindfulness. 2017;8(5):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar