Do student service members/veterans experience worse mental health stigma than their peers? A comparative study in a national sample

References

• United States Government Accountability Office. VA Education Benefits: VA should strengthen its efforts to help veterans make informed education choices. http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/663152.pdf. Published May, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Borsari B, Yurasak A, Miller MB, Murphy JG, McDevitt-Murphy ME, Martens MP, Darcy MG, Carey KB. Student service members/veterans on campus: Challenges for reintegration. A J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87:166–175. doi:10.1037/ort0000199.
   Google Scholar
• Barry AE, Whiteman SD, Wadsworth SM. Student service members/veterans in higher education: A systematic review. J Student Aff Res Prac. 2014;51:30–42. doi:10.1515/jsarp-2014-0003.
   Google Scholar
• Barry AE, Whiteman S, Wadswroth SM, Hitt S. The alcohol use and associated mental health problems of student service members/veterans in higher education. Drugs Educ Prev Pol. 2012; 19:415–425. doi:10.3109/09687637.2011.647123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry AE, Whiteman SD, Wadsworth SM. Implications of posttraumatic stress among military-affiliated and civilian students. J Am Coll Health. 2015;60:562–573. doi:10.1080/07448481.2012.721427.
   Google Scholar
• Cleveland SD, Bransum AJ, Bovbjerg VE, Thorburn S. Mental health symptoms among student service members/veterans and civilian college students. J Am Coll Health. 2015;63:459–472. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.983925. PMID: 25397862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonar EE, Bohnert KM, Walters HM, Ganoczy D, Valenstein M. Student and nonstudent National Guard service members for mental health symptoms. J Am Coll Health. 2015;63:437–446. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.975718. PMID: 25337770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier JM, Holland JM, Drescher K, Foy D. Initial psychometric evaluation of the Moral Injury Questionnaire—Military version. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2015;22:54–63. doi:10.1002/cpp.1866. PMID: 24022873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossbard JR, Widome R, Lust K, Simpson TL, Lostutter TW, Saxon A. High-risk drinking and academic performance among college student Veterans. J Alcohol Drug Educ. 2014;58:28–47.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd MD, Goulding J, Bryan CJ. Student veterans: A national survey exploring psychological symptoms and suicide risk. Prof Psychol-Res Pr. 2011;42(5):354–360. doi:10.1037/a0025164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widome R, Kehle SM, Carlson KF, Laska MN, Gulden A, Lust K. Post-traumatic stress disorder and health risk behaviors among Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans attending college. Am J Health Behav. 2011;35(4):387–392. doi:10.5993/AJHB.35.4.1. PMID: 22040585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg D, Hunt J, Speer N, Zivin K. Mental health service utilization among college students in the United States. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2011;199(5):301–308. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182175123. PMID: 21543948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier JM, McDermott RC, McCormick WH. Mental health treatment-related stigma and professional help-seeking among student veterans. Psychol Serv 2017;14:531–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier JM, McDermott RC, Sims BM. Patterns of help-seeking in a national sample of veterans: A matched control group investigation. Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2016;43:58–62. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortney JC, Curran GM, Hunt JB, et al. Prevalence of probable mental disorders and help-seeking behaviors among veterans and non-veteran community samples. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2016;38:99–104. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.007. PMID: 26598288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulesza M, Pedersen E, Corrigan P, Marshall G. Help-seeking stigma and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Mil Behav Health. 2015; 3(4):230–239. doi:10.1080/21635781.2015.1055866. PMID: 26664795.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gruttadaro D, Crudo D. College Students Speak: A Survey on Mental Health. Arlington, VA: National Alliance on Mental Illness; 2012. Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/About-NAMI/Publications-Reports/Survey-Reports/College-Students-Speak_A-Survey-Report-on-Mental-H
   Google Scholar
• Acosta JD, Becker A, Cerully JL, et al. Mental Health Stigma in the Military. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am Psychol. 2004;59(7):614–625. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.614. PMID: 15491256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash WP, Silvia C, Litz B. The historic origins of military and veteran mental health stigma and the stress injury model as a means to reduce it. Psychiat Ann. 2009;39(8):789–794. doi:10.3928/00485713-20090728-05.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrzak RH, Johnson DC, Goldstein MB, Malley JC, Southwick SM. Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(8):1118–1122. doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.8.1118. PMID: 19648201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt D, Fox AB, Di Leone BAL. Mental health beliefs and their relationship with treatment seeking among U.S. OEF/OIF veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27(3):307–313. doi:10.1002/jts.21919. PMID: 24839077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartana PJ, Wilk JE, Thomas JL, et al. Trends in mental health services utilization and stigma in US soldiers from 2002 to 2011. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(9):1671–1679. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301971. PMID: 25033143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam SK, Choi SI, Lee JH, Lee MK, Kim AR, Lee SM. Psychological factors in college students’ attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A meta-analysis. Prof Psychol-Res Pr. 2013;44(1):37–45. doi:10.1037/a0029562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt D. Mental health–related beliefs as a barrier to service use for military personnel and veterans: A review. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(2):135–142. doi:10.1176/ps.62.2.pss6202_0135. PMID: 21285091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown MC, Creel AH, Engel CC, Herrell RK, Hoge CW. Factors associated with interest in receiving help for mental health problems in combat veterans returning from deployment to Iraq. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2011;199(10):797–801. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31822fc9bf. PMID: 21964275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim PY, Britt TW, Klocko RP, Riviere LA, Adler AB. Stigma, negative attitudes about treatment, and utilization of mental health care among soldiers. Mil Psycho. 2011;23:65–81. doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.534415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2015. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiat Ann. 2002;32(9):509–521. doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link BG. Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: An assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection. Am Sociol Rev. 1987;52(1):96–112. doi:10.2307/2095395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link BG, Cullen FT, Struening E, Shrout PE, Dohrenwend BP. A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. Am Sociol Rev. 1989;54(3):400–423. doi:10.2307/2095613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chui H, Zilcha-Mano S, Dinger U, Barrett MS, Jacques JP. Dependency and self-criticism in treatments for depression. J Couns Psychol. 2016;63(4):452–459. doi:10.1037/cou0000142. PMID: 26866638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi BH, Pos AH, Magnusson MS. Emotional change process in resolving self-criticism during experiential treatment of depression. Psychother Resl. 2016;26(4):484–499. doi:10.1080/10503307.2015.1041433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. Population representation in the military services: Fiscal year 2010 summary report. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Personnel, and Readiness: Washington, DC. Retrieved on August 3, 2013 from http://prhome.defense.gov/RFM/MPP/ACCESSION%20POLICY/PopRep2010/index.h
   Google Scholar