“Do I feel safe revealing this information to you?”: Patient perspectives on disclosing sexual orientation and gender identity in healthcare

References

• CDC. Gay and bisexual men's health - for your health: recommendation for a healthier you. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/msmhealth/for-your-health.htm. Published February 29, 2016. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Jamal A, King BA, Neff LJ, Whitmill J, Babb SD, Graffunder CM. Current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2005-2015. Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(44):1205–1211. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele LS, Daley A, Curling D, et al. LGBT identity, untreated depression, and unmet need for mental health services by sexual minority women and trans-identified people. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017;26(2):116–127. doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott MN, Kanouse DE, Burkhart Q, et al. Sexual minorities in England have poorer health and worse health care experiences: A national survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(1):9–16. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2905-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisy K, Peters MDJ, Schofield P, Jefford M. Experiences and unmet needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people with cancer care: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis. Psychooncology 2018;27(6):1480–1489. doi:10.1002/pon.4674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Available at: http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2011/The-Health-of-Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-People.aspx. Publishished March 31, 2011. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 42 CFR Parts 412 and 495 [CMS-3310-FC and CMS-3311-FC], RINs 0938-AS26 and 0938-AS58. Medicare and Medicaid programs; electronic health record incentive program—stage 3 and modifications to meaningful use in 2015 through 2017. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2015-25595.pdf. Published October 16, 2015. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. 45 CFR Part 170, RIN 0991-AB93. 2015 Edition health information technology (Health IT) certification criteria, 2015 edition based electronic health record (EHR) definition, and ONC Health IT certification program modifications. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/publicinspection.federalregister.gov/2015-25597.pdf. Published October 16, 2015. Accessed September 21,2018.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman TA, Bauer GR, Pugh D, Aykroyd G, Powell L, Newman R. Sexual orientation disclosure in primary care settings by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in a Canadian city. LGBT Health. 2017;4(1):42–54. Feb doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjarnadottir RI, Bockting W, Dowding D. Patient perspectives on answering questions about sexual orientation and gender identity: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(13–14):1814–1833. doi:10.1111/jocn.13612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maragh-Bass AC, Torain M, Adler R, et al. Risks, benefits, and importance of collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in healthcare settings: A multi-method analysis of patient and provider perspectives. LGBT Health. 2017;4(2):141–152. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruben MA, Blosnich JR, Dichter ME, Luscri L, Shipherd JC. Will veterans answer sexual orientation and gender identity questions? Med Care. 2017;55 (Suppl 9 Suppl 2):S85–S89. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill S, Singal R, Grasso C, et al. Do ask, do tell: High levels of acceptability by patients of routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in four diverse american community health centers. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107104. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haider AH, Schneider EB, Kodadek LM, et al. Emergency department query for patient-centered approaches to sexual orientation and gender identity: The equality study. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(6):819–828. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonvicini KA, Perlin MJ. The same but different: Clinician-patient communication with gay and lesbian patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2003;51(2):115–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuzzell L, Fedesco HN, Alexander SC, Fortenberry JD, Shields CG. “I just think that doctors need to ask more questions”: Sexual minority and majority adolescents’ experiences talking about sexuality with healthcare providers. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(9):1467–1472. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maragh-Bass AC, Torain M, Adler R, et al. Is it okay to ask: Transgender patient perspectives on sexual orientation and gender identity collection in healthcare. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(6):655–667. doi:10.1111/acem.13182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan EM. Contemporary issues in sexual orientation and identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerg Adulthood. 2013;1(1):52–66. doi:10.1177/2167696812469187.
   Google Scholar
• Hammack PL, Frost DM, Meyer IH, Pletta DR. Gay Men’s health and identity: Social change and the life course. Arch Sex Behav. 2018;47(1):59–74. doi:10.1007/s10508-017-0990-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell RA, Single HM. Focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 1996;8(5):499–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin J, Strauss A. Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons and evaluative criteria. Qual Sociol. 1990;13(1):3–21. doi:10.1007/BF00988593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallup Gay and Lesbian Rights. Available at: http://www.gallup.com/poll/1651/gay-lesbian-rights.aspx. Published 2018. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• CDC, National Center for Health Statistics. Summary health statistics tables for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2016. Available at: https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/NHIS/SHS/2016_SHS_Table_A-18.pdf. Published January 19, 2017. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Dichter ME, Ogden SN, Scheffey KL. Provider perspectives on the application of patient sexual orientation and gender identity in clinical care: A qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(8):1359–1365. doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4489-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• German D, Kodadek L, Shields R, et al. Implementing sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in emergency departments: Patient and staff perspectives. LGBT Health. 2016;3(6):416–423. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dichter ME, Wagner C, Goldberg EB, Iverson KM. Intimate partner violence detection and care in the veterans health administration: Patient and provider perspectives. Womens Health Issues. 2015;25(5):555–560. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill S, Trieweiler S, Guidry J, et al. High Rates of access to health care, disclosure of sexuality and gender identity to providers among house and ball community members in New York City. J Homosex. 2018;65(5):600–614. doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1328221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durso LE, Meyer IH. Patterns and predictors of disclosure of sexual orientation to healthcare providers among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2013;10(1):35–42. doi:10.1007/s13178-012-0105-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensenon Strategy Group. Report to Fusion.Net: January 2015 survey of millennials. Available at: https://fusiondotnet.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/fusion-poll-gender-spectrum.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• GLAAD. Accelerating acceptance 2017: A Harris Poll survey of Americans’ acceptance of LGBTQ people. Available at: https://www.glaad.org/files/aa/2017_GLAAD_Accelerating_Acceptance.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed September 21, 2018.
   Google Scholar