Evaluation of a mandatory theory-based physical activity course on motivation among predominantly Hispanic college students

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Facts about physical activity. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/facts.htm. Published 2018. Accessed October 19, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• President’s Council on Sports FN. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/physical-activity-guidelines-for-americans/index.html. Published 2019. Accessed March 23, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1423–1434. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Heart Association. American Heart Association recommendations for physical activity in adults and kids. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults. Published 2018. Accessed March 31, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Woekel E, Ebbeck V, Concepcion RY, et al. Physical activity, nutrition, and self-perception changes related to a university "lifetime fitness for health" curriculum. Phys. Educ. 2013;70:374–394.
   Google Scholar
• Bray SR, Born HA. Transition to university and vigorous physical activity: implications for health and psychological well-being. J Am Coll Health. 2004;52:181–188. doi:10.3200/JACH.52.4.181–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauline JS. Physical activity behaviors, motivation, and self-efficacy among college students. Coll Stud J. 2013;47:64–74.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics. Chapter 3: postsecondary education. In: Snyder TD, de Brey C, Dillow SA, eds. Digest of Education Statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics; 2018:207–400.
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. Healthy Campus 2020. https://www.acha.org/HealthyCampus/Objectives/Student_Obje. Published 2018. Accessed October 19, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Sparling PB. College physical education: an unrecognized agent of change in combating inactivity-related diseases. Perspect Biol Med. 2003;46:579–587. doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bautista L, Reininger B, Gay JL, Barroso CS, McCormick JB. Perceived barriers to exercise in Hispanic adults by level of activity. J Phys Activity Health. 2011;8:916–925. doi:10.1123/jpah.8.7.916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult physical inactivity prevalence maps by race/ethnicity. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/inactivity-prevalence-maps/index.html. Published 2020. Accessed March 23, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tables of summary health statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/SHS/tables.htm. Published 2018. Accessed October 19, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Suminski RR, Petosa R, Utter AC, Zhang JJ. Physical activity among ethnically diverse college students. J Am Coll Health. 2002;51:75–80. doi:10.1080/07448480209596333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarland J, Hussar B, Wang X, et al. The condition of education 2018. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2018/2018144.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed October 19, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Leenders NYJM, Sherman WM, Ward P. College physical activity courses: why do students enroll, and what are their health behaviors?Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74:313–318. doi:10.1080/02701367.2003.10609096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallerand RJ. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: a review and a look at the future. In: Tenenbaum G, Eklund RC, eds. Handbook of Sport Psychology. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2007:59–83.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang T, Xiang P, Gu X, Rose M. College students’ physical activity and health-related quality of life: an achievement goal perspective. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2016;87:182–190. doi:10.1080/02701367.2016.1159279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick H, Williams GC. Self-determination theory: its application to health behavior and complementarity with motivational interviewing. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:18. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira PJ, Carraca EV, Markland D, Silva MN, Ryan RM. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9(1):78. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Vallerand RJ, Pelletier LG, Ryan RM. Motivation and education: the self-determination perspective. Educ Psychol. 1991;26:325–346. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000;25(1):54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milroy JJ, Orsini MM, D’Abundo ML, Sidman CL. College students’ perceived wellness among online, face-to-face, and hybrid formats of a lifetime physical activity and wellness course. Am J Health Educ. 2013;44(5):252–258. doi:10.1080/19325037.2013.807754.
   Google Scholar
• Sidman CL, Fiala KA, D’Abundo ML. Exercise motivation of college students in online, face-to-face, and blended basic studies physical activity and wellness course delivery formats. J Am Coll Health. 2011;59(7):662–664. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.524683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esslinger KA, Grimes AR, Pyle E. Effects of requiring physical fitness in a lecture-based college course: Students’ attitudes toward physical activity. Phys Educ. 2016;73:161–173. doi:10.18666/TPE-2016-V73-I1-5100.
   Google Scholar
• Everhart K, Dimon C. The impact of course delivery format on wellness patterns of university students. Education. 2013;133:310–318.
   Google Scholar
• Sidman CL, D’Abundo ML, Bullard L. Comparison of college students’ knowledge across delivery formats in a required physical activity and wellness course. J Online Learn Teach. 2014;10:590–597.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy JF, Taliaferro A, Kristjansson A. The impact of choice on exercise motivation and physical activity in college students. BHAC. 2017;1(1):6. doi:10.1801/bhac.v1i1.5559.
   Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol Inq. 2000;11(4):227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Cutre D, Sicilia A. Motivation and exercise dependence: a study based on self-determination theory. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2012;83(2):318–329. doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–1190. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan E, Markland D, Ingledew DK. A graded conceptualisation of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behaviour: development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Pers Individ Dif. 1997;23(5):745–752. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00107-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markland D, Tobin V. A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2004;26(2):191–196. doi:10.1123/jsep.26.2.191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddle SJ, Nigg CR. Theories of exercise behavior. Int J Sport Psychol. 2000;31:290–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Abundo ML, Sidman CL, Milroy J, Orsini M, Fiala K. Construct validity of college students’ tesponses to the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2). Recreational Sports J. 2014;38:40–49.
   Google Scholar
• Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J. 1999;6(1):1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson PM, Rodgers WM, Fraser SN, Murray TC. Relationships between exercise regulations and motivational consequences in university students. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2004;75(1):81–91. doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S-J, Cho B-H. The effects of empowered motivation on exercise adherence and physical fitness in college women. J Exer Rehabil. 2013;9(2):278–285. doi:10.12965/jer.130011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hassel G, Milroy J, Orsini MM. Investigating motivation for physical activity among minority college females using the BREQ-2. J Stud Res. 2015;4(1):40–44. doi:10.47611/jsr.v4i1.155.
   Google Scholar
• Ullrich-French S, Cox AE, Bumpus MF. Physical activity motivation and behavior across the transition to university. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2013;2:90–101. doi:10.1037/a0030632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar