439
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Brief Reports

Acceptance of rape myths and psychological symptoms: the indirect effect of self-blame

, MSORCID Icon, , MSORCID Icon, , MS & , PhD
Pages 1641-1645 | Received 19 Mar 2021, Accepted 30 May 2022, Published online: 21 Jun 2022

References

  • Fedina L, Holmes JL, Backes BL. Campus sexual assault: a systematic review of prevalence research from 2000 to 2015. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018;19(1):76–93. doi:10.1177/1524838016631129.
  • Dworkin ER, Menon SV, Bystrynski J, Allen NE. Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: a review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;56:65–81. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.06.002.
  • Masho SW, Ahmed G. Age at sexual assault and posttraumatic stress disorder among women: prevalence, correlates, and implications for prevention. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16(2):262–271. doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.M076.
  • Campbell R, Dworkin E, Cabral G. An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women’s mental health. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2009;10(3):225–246. doi:10.1177/1524838009334456.
  • Janoff-Bulman R. Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: inquiries into depression and rape. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1979;37(10):1798–1809. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.10.1798.
  • Ullman SE. Social reactions, coping strategies, and self‐blame attributions in adjustment to sexual assault. Psychol Women Quart. 1996;20(4):505–526. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00319.x.
  • Hamrick LA, Owens GP. Exploring the mediating role of self‐blame and coping in the relationships between self‐compassion and distress in females following the sexual assault. J Clin Psychol. 2019;75(4):766–779.
  • Kline NK, Berke DS, Rhodes CA, Steenkamp MM, Litz BT. Self-blame and PTSD following sexual assault: A longitudinal analysis. J Interpers Violence. 2021;36(5-6):NP3153–NP3168. doi:10.1177/0886260518770652.
  • Burt MR. Cultural myths and supports for rape. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;38(2):217–230. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.2.217.
  • Lonsway KA, Fitzgerald LF. Rape myths. In review. Psychol Women Quart. 1994;18(2):133–164. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00448.x.
  • Harned MS. Understanding women’s labeling of unwanted sexual experiences with dating partners: a qualitative analysis. Violence against Women. 2005;11(3):374–413. doi:10.1177/1077801204272240.
  • Payne DL, Lonsway KA, Fitzgerald LF. Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structure and its measurement using theIllinois rape myth acceptance scale. J Res Personality. 1999;33(1):27–68. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2238.
  • Ayala EE, Kotary B, Hetz M. Blame attributions of victims and perpetrators: Effects of victim gender, perpetrator gender, and relationship. J Interpers Violence. 2018;33(1):94–116. doi:10.1177/0886260515599160.
  • Frese B, Moya M, Megías JL. Social perception of rape: How rape myth acceptance modulates the influence of situational factors. J Interpers Violence. 2004;19(2):143–161. doi:10.1177/0886260503260245.
  • Mason GE, Riger S, Foley LA. The impact of past sexual experiences on attributions of responsibility for rape. J Interpers Violence. 2004;19(10):1157–1171. doi:10.1177/0886260504269094.
  • Suarez E, Gadalla TM. Stop blaming the victim: a meta-analysis on rape myths. J Interpers Violence. 2010;25(11):2010–2035. doi:10.1177/0886260509354503.
  • Yamawaki N. The role of rape myth acceptance and belief in a just world on victim blame attribution: a study in Japan. Int J Psychol Sci. 2009;52(3):163–174. doi:10.2117/psysoc.2009.163.
  • Moor A. When recounting the traumatic memories is not enough: treating persistent self-devaluation associated with rape and victim-blaming rape myths. Women & Therapy. 2007;30(1-2):19–33. doi:10.1300/J015v30n01_02.
  • Perilloux C, Duntley JD, Buss DM. Blame attribution in sexual victimization. Personality Individ Differences. 2014;63:81–86. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.058.
  • Wilson LC, Newins AR, White SW. The impact of rape acknowledgment on survivor outcomes: the moderating effects of rape myth acceptance. J Clin Psychol. 2018;74(6):926–939. doi:10.1002/jclp.22556.
  • Wyatt GE, Davhana-Maselesele M, Zhang M, et al. A longitudinal study of the aftermath of rape among rural South African women. Psychol Trauma. 2017;9(3):309–316. doi:10.1037/tra0000246.
  • Koss MP, Abbey A, Campbell R, et al. Revising the SES: a collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychol Women Quart. 2007;31(4):357–370. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x.
  • Johnson SM, Murphy MJ, Gidycz CA. Reliability and validity of the sexual experiences Survey-Short Forms Victimization and Perpetration. Violence Vict. 2017;32(1):78–92. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00110.
  • McMahon S, Farmer GL. An updated measure for assessing subtle rape myths. Social Work Res. 2011;35(2):71–81. doi:10.1093/swr/35.2.71.
  • Foa EB, Ehlers A, Clark DM, Tolin DF, Orsillo SM. The posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI): development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1999;11(3):303–314. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303.
  • Andreu JM, Peña ME, de La Cruz MÁ. Psychometric evaluation of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in female survivors of sexual assault. Women Health. 2017;57(4):463–477. doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1153019.
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
  • Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. The ptsd checklist for dsm-5 (pcl-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov. 2013;10.
  • Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Traumat Stress. 2015;28(6):489–498. doi:10.1002/jts.22059.
  • Muthén L, Muthén B. Mplus, User’s Guide. 8th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. 1998.
  • MacKinnon DP, Krull JL, Lockwood CM. Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prev Sci. 2000;1(4):173–181. [Mismatch]
  • LeMaire KL, Oswald DL, Russell BL. Labeling sexual victimization experiences: the role of sexism, rape myth acceptance, and tolerance for sexual harassment. Violence Vict. 2016;31(2):332–346. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00148.
  • Littleton H, Axsom D, Grills-Taquechel A. Sexual assault victims’ acknowledgment status and revictimization risk. Psychol Women Quart. 2009;33(1):34–42. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01472.x.
  • Iverson KM, King MW, Cunningham KC, Resick PA. Rape survivors’ trauma-related beliefs before and after cognitive processing therapy: associations with PTSD and depression symptoms. Behav Res Ther. 2015;66:49–55. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.002.
  • Resick PA, Monson CM, Chard KM. Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD: A Comprehensive Manual. Guilford Publications; 2017.
  • Schumm JA, Dickstein BD, Walter KH, Owens GP, Chard KM. Changes in posttraumatic cognitions predict changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during cognitive processing therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015;83(6):1161–1166. doi:10.1037/ccp0000040.
  • Söchting I, Fairbrother N, Koch WJ. Sexual assault of women: Prevention efforts and risk factors. Violence against Women. 2004;10(1):73–93. doi:10.1177/1077801203255680.
  • Frazier P, Schauben L. Causal attributions and recovery from rape and other stressful life events. J Soc Clin Psychol. 1994;13(1):1–14. doi:10.1521/jscp.1994.13.1.1.
  • Peter-Hagene LC, Ullman SE. Longitudinal effects of sexual assault victims’ drinking and self-blame on posttraumatic stress disorder. J Interpers Violence. 2018;33(1):83–93. doi:10.1177/0886260516636394.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.