Does cigarette or E-cigarette use increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among Midwestern college students?

References

• Paleiron N, Mayet A, Marbac V, et al. Impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of COVID-19. A large scale retrospective cohort study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(8):1398–1404. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang Y, Lindblom EN, Salloum RG, Ward KD. Perceived health risks associated with the use of tobacco and nicotine products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tob Induc Dis. 2021;19:46. doi:10.18332/tid/136040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med. 2020;26(4):450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius ME, Wang TW, Jamal A, Loretan CG, Neff LJ. Tobacco product use among adults – United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(46):1736–1742. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6946a4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown A, Balk SJ. E-Cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2020;50(2):100761. doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrington-Trimis JL, Braymiller JL, Unger JB, et al. Trends in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in the US from 2002 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(10):e2019022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchester R. How has the health of college students changed in the last 50 years? J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(8):795–797. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1859853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kianersi S, Zhang Y, Rosenberg M, Macy JT. Prevalence of e-cigarette use (2016 to 2018) and cigarette smoking (2012 to 2019) among U.S. adults by state: an interactive data visualization dashboard. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;218:108361. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf SA, Maram AA, Norah AA, Nawal SA, Hashem OA, Mohammad NU. The possible relationship between the abuse of tobacco, opioid, or alcohol with COVID-19. Healthcare. 2021;9(2):2–2. doi:10.3390/healthcare9010002.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy RK, Charles WN, Sklavounos A, Dutt A, Seed PT, Khajuria A. The effect of smoking on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1045–1056. doi:10.1002/jmv.26389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Ruiz CA, López-Padilla D, Alonso-Arroyo A, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Solano-Reina S, de Granda-Orive JI . COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57(Suppl 1):21–34. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1554. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11579-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Westen-Lagerweij NA, Meijer E, Meeuwsen EG, Chavannes NH, Willemsen MC, Croes EA. Are smokers protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? The origins of the myth. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2021;31(1):10. doi:10.1038/s41533-021-00223-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández-Garduño E. Obesity is the comorbidity more strongly associated for Covid-19 in Mexico. A case-control study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020;14(4):375–379. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2020.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaiha SM, Cheng J, Halpern-Felsher B. Association between youth smoking, electronic cigarette use, and COVID-19. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(4):519–523. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merianos AL, Russell AM, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Barry AE, Yang M, Lin HC. Concurrent use of e-cigarettes and cannabis and associated COVID-19 symptoms, testing, and diagnosis among student e-cigarette users at four U.S. Universities. Addict Behav. 2022;126:107170. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merianos AL, Russell AM, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Barry AE, Yang M, Lin HC. Assessment of exclusive, dual, and polytobacco E-cigarette use and COVID-19 outcomes among college students. Am J Health Promot. 2022;36(3):421–428. doi:10.1177/08901171211055904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallis N, Dailey C, Drewry S, Howard N, Cordero JF, Welton M. SARS-CoV-2 infection and e-cigarette use, binge drinking, and other associated risk factors in a college population. J Am Coll Health. 2022:1–5. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2053133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons D, Shahab L, Brown J, Perski O. The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19: a living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses (version 7). Addiction 2020;116:1319–1368. doi:10.1111/add.15276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Hasselbalch RB, et al. Risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers in Denmark: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(12):1401–1408. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30589-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roederer T, Mollo B, Vincent C, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of exposure to COVID-19 in homeless people in Paris, France: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(4):e202–e209. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00001-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makaronidis J, Mok J, Balogun N, et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: an observational cohort study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(10):e1003358. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perico L, Tomasoni S, Peracchi T, et al. COVID-19 and lombardy: testing the impact of the first wave of the pandemic. EBioMedicine 2020;61:103069. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kianersi S, Ludema C, Macy JT, et al. A cross-sectional analysis of demographic and behavioral risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seropositivity among a sample of U.S. college students. J Adolesc Health. 2021;69(2):219–226. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahidy FS, Pan AP, Ahnstedt H, et al. Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: cross-sectional analysis from a diverse US metropolitan area. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0245556. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong VFL, Jaggi TK, Chan LLY, Chotirmall SH. Sex differences in respiratory infection. In: Silveyra P, Tigno XT, eds. Sex-Based Differences in Lung Physiology. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2021:365–404. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63549-7_13.
   Google Scholar
• Marschner IC. Relative risk regression for binary outcomes: methods and recommendations. Aust N Z J Stat. 2015;57(4):437–462. doi:10.1111/anzs.12131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt CO, Kohlmann T. When to use the odds ratio or the relative risk? Int J Public Health. 2008;53(3):165–167. doi:10.1007/s00038-008-7068-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Angulo FJ, Finelli L, Swerdlow DL. Estimation of US SARS-CoV-2 infections, symptomatic infections, hospitalizations, and deaths using seroprevalence surveys. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2033706. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajema KL, Wiegand RE, Cuffe K, et al. Estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the US as of September 2020. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(4):450–460. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farsalinos K, Niaura R. E-Cigarette use and COVID-19: questioning data reliability. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):213. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camacho OM, Murphy JJ. In response to "association between youth smoking, electronic cigarette use, and COVID-19". J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):214. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodu B, Plurphanswat N. Gaiha, et al . Disregarded conventional publishing standards. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):215. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halpern-Felsher B, Vallone D, Hair E, et al. The authors respond. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(1):216–221. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.017.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doran N, Correa JB, Myers MG, Tully L. Associations between self-reported and biological measures of nicotine consumption among young adult nondaily cigarette smokers. Am J Addict. 2020;29(6):471–475. doi:10.1111/ajad.13052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar