Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in seven Latin American countries

References

• Acosta, L. D. (2020). Response capacity to the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health, 44, e109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
   Google Scholar
• Alyami, M., Henning, M., Krägeloh, C. U., & Alyami, H. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00316-x
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2010). Publications Manual of the American Psychological Association. México: Manual Moderno.
   Google Scholar
• Andrade, E. F., Pereira, L. J., Oliveira, A. P. L. D., Orlando, D. R., Alves, D. A. G., Guilarducci, J. D. S., & Castelo, P. M. (2020). Perceived fear of COVID-19 infection according to sex, age and occupational risk using the Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Studies, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786
   Google Scholar
• Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 70, 102196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaujean, A. A. (2014). Latent variable modeling using R: A step-by-step guide. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315869780
   Google Scholar
• Beckstead, J. W., Yang, C. Y., & Lengacher, C. A. (2008). Assessing cross-cultural validity of scales: A methodological review and illustrative example. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benítez, M. A., Velasco, C., Sequeira, A. R., Henríquez, J., Menezes, F. M., & Paolucci, F. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in five Latin American countries. Health Policy and Technology, 9(4), 525–559. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broche-Pérez, Y., Fernández-Fleites, Z., Jiménez-Puig, E., Fernández-Castillo, E., & Rodríguez-Martin, B. C. (2020). Gender and fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban population sample. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00343-8
   Google Scholar
• Brosseau-Liard, P. E., & Savalei, V. (2014). Adjusting incremental fit indices for nonnormality. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49(5), 460–470. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2014.933697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosseau-Liard, P. E., Savalei, V., & Li, L. (2012). An investigation of the sample performance of two nonnormality corrections for RMSEA. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(6), 904–930. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M., & Stewart, S. M. (2006). Teacher’s corner: The MACS approach to testing for multigroup invariance of a second-order structure: A walk through the process. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(2), 287–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1302_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caycho, T. (2017). Importancia del análisis de invarianza factorial en estudios comparativos en Ciencias de la Salud. Revista Cubana de Educación Médica Superior, 31(2), 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Tomás, J. M., Barboza-Palomino, M., Ventura-León, J., Gallegos, M., Reyes-Bossio, M., & Vilca, L. W. (2020). Assessment of fear of COVID-19 in older adults: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 2020, 1–15. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00438-2.
   Google Scholar
• Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Vilca, L. W., Cervigni, M., Gallegos, M., Martino, P., Portillo, N., & Burgos Videla, C. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Validity, reliability and factorial invariance in Argentina’s general population. Death Studies, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1836071
   Google Scholar
• Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005). Teacher’s corner: Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(3), 471–492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronavirus Resource Center. (2020). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
   Google Scholar
• Davidov, E., Dülmer, H., Schlüter, E., Schmidt, P., & Meuleman, B. (2012). Using a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to explain cross-cultural measurement noninvariance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(4), 558–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112438397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(2), 121–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610373459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, E., Du, H., & Gardner, L. (2020). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 533–534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doshi, D., Karunakar, P., Sukhabogi, J. R., Prasanna, J. S., & Mahajan, S. V. (2020). Assessing Coronavirus Fear in Indian Population Using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00332-x
   Google Scholar
• Dror, O. E. (2014). The Cannon–Bard thalamic theory of emotions: A brief genealogy and reappraisal. Emotion Review, 6(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913494898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, & Pan American Health Organization. (2020, July 30). Health and the economy: A convergence needed to address COVID-19 and retake the path of sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/45841
   Google Scholar
• Elemo, A. S., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric properties of the ethiopian amharic Version. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00448-0
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, L., Wahab, E. A., & Ratnasingan, M. (2013). Religiosity and fear of death: A three‐nation comparison. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(2), 179–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2011.652606
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, K. M., Harris, C., & Drawve, G. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S17–S21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forero-Peña, D. A., Carrión-Nessi, F. S., Camejo-Ávila, N. A., & Forero-Peña, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 en Latinoamérica: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y análisis bibliométrico. Revista de Salud Pública, 22(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n2.86878
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, P. J., Alarcón, A., Bayer, A., Buss, P., Guerra, G., Ribeiro, H., Rojas, K., Saenz, R., Salgado de Snyder, N., Solimano, G., Torres, R., Tobar, S., Tuesca, R., Vargas, G., & Atun, R. (2020). COVID-19 response in Latin America. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(5), 1765–1772. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordani, R. C., Giolo, S. R., Muhl, C., & Zanoni da Silva, M. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the Portuguese version of the FCV-19 scale and assessment of fear of COVID-19 in a Southern Brazilian population. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1854142
   Google Scholar
• González-Bustamante, B. (2021). Evolution and early government responses to COVID-19 in South America. World Development, 137, 105180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2011). Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two depends on your point of view. Emotion Review, 3(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910380974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, B. W., Hoeft, F., & Omura, K. (2021). The role of culture on the link between worldviews on nature and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haktanir, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2020). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Death Studies, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huarcaya-Victoria, J., Villarreal-Zegarra, D., Podestà, A., & Luna-Cuadros, M. A. (2020). Psychometric properties of a Spanish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in general population of Lima. Peru. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00354-5
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. C., Saletti-Cuesta, L., & Tumas, N. (2020). [Emotions, concerns and reflections regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina]. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(suppl 1), 2447–2456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jorgensen, T. D., Pornprasertmanit, S., Schoemann, A. M., Rosseel, Y. (2020). semTools: Useful tools for structural equation modeling (0.5–3). https://cran.r-project.org/package=semTools
   Google Scholar
• Kassambara, A. (2020). rstatix: Pipe-friendly framework for basic statistical tests (0.6.0). https://cran.r-project.org/package=rstatix
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2020). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 2020, 1–2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052
   Google Scholar
• Li, T., Saklofske, D. H., Bowden, S. C., Yan, G., & Fung, T. S. (2012). The measurement invariance of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) across three Chinese university student groups from Canada and China. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 30(4), 439–452. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282912449449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. Y., Broström, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet Interventions, 21, 100345. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues. Multivariate Behav Res, 32(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3201_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Feldman, A., Chávez, C., Vélez, M. A., Bejarano, H., Chimeli, A. B., Féres, J., Robalino, J., Salcedo, R., & Viteri, C. (2020). Environmental impacts and policy responses to COVID-19: A view from Latin America. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2020, 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00460-x
   Google Scholar
• Mahmood, Q. K., Jafree, S. R., & Qureshi, W. A. (2020). The psychometric validation of FCV19S in Urdu and socio-demographic association with fear in the people of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province in Pakistan. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00371-4
   Google Scholar
• Martínez-Lorca, M., Martínez-Lorca, A., Criado-Álvarez, J. J., Armesilla, M. D. C., & Latorre, J. M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Validation in Spanish University students. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuyama, A., Shinkawa, H., & Kubo, T. (2020). Validation and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the fear of COVID-19 scale among adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00368-z
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. S. (2012). Culture and emotion: The integration of biological and cultural contributions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), 91–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111420147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, R. S., & Lee, Y. (2020). Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857
   Google Scholar
• Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Karamouzi, P., Voitsidis, P., Porfyri, G. N., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Mental health screening for COVID-19: A proposed cutoff score for the greek version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00414-w
   Google Scholar
• Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders. https://concurrentdisorders.ca/2020/04/03/the-fear-of-covid-19-and-its-role-in-preventive-behaviors/
   Google Scholar
• Pang, N. T. P., Kamu, A., Hambali, N. L. B., Mun, H. C., Kassim, M. A., Mohamed, N. H., & Jeffree, M. S. (2020). Malay version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Validity and reliability. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00355-4
   Google Scholar
• Perz, C. A., Lang, B. A., & Harrington, R. (2020). Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a US College Sample. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00356-3
   Google Scholar
• Peters, G. J., Verboon, P., & Green, J. (2018). Package ‘userfriendlyscience. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://bioconductor.statistik.tu-dortmund.de/cran/web/packages/userfriendlyscience/userfriendlyscience.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, M., McManus, S., Jessop, C., John, A., Hotopf, M., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Wessely, S., & Abel, K. M. (2020). Says who? The significance of sampling in mental health surveys during COVID-19. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(7), 567–568. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30237-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2020). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3
   Google Scholar
• Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P. E., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354–373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Gallego, V., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Méndez, C. A., Zambrano, L. I., Franco-Paredes, C., Suárez, J. A., Rodriguez-Enciso, H. D., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Savio-Larriera, E., Risquez, A., & Cimerman, S. (2020). COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 35, 101613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, B. M., & O’Sullivan, M. J. (2002). Afterlife beliefs and death anxiety: An exploration of the relationship between afterlife expectations and fear of death in an undergraduate population. OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying, 45(3), 229–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/RV40-6NBR-66GF-UJMU
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussel, Y., Giraud-Gatineau, A., Jimeno, M. T., Rolain, J. M., Zandotti, C., Colson, P., & Raoult, D. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Fear versus data. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(5), 105947. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakib, N., Bhuiyan, A. I., Hossain, S., Al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Abdullah, A. H., & Sikder, M. T. (2020). Psychometric validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00289-x
   Google Scholar
• Saris, W. E., Satorra, A., & Sörbom, D. (1987). The detection and correction of specification errors in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 17, 105–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/271030
   Google Scholar
• Sass, D. A., Schmitt, T. A., & Marsh, H. W. (2014). Evaluating model fit with ordered categorical data within a measurement invariance framework: A comparison of estimators. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.882658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnettler, B., Miranda-Zapata, E., Lobos, G., del Carmen Lapo, M., Adasme-Berríos, C., & Hueche, C. (2017). Measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Chilean and Ecuadorian older adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 96–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(8), 531–537. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 74(4), 281–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soper, D. S. (2020). A-priori sample size calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software]. Retrieved from http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc.
   Google Scholar
• Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Abbiati, F. A., Del Fante, E., De Pace, R., Urso, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1
   Google Scholar
• Spica, M. A., Portugal, A., & Taliaferro, C. (2018). Introduction to Topical Issue “Latin American Perspectives on Religion. Open Theology, 4(1), 685–686. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2018-0052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stănculescu, E. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 in Romania: Validation of the Romanian Version of the fear of COVID-19 scale using graded response model analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00428-4
   Google Scholar
• Steenkamp, J. B. E., & Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 78–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/209528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Thakur, V., & Jain, A. (2020). COVID 2019-suicides: A global psychological pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 952–953. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsipropoulou, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Nasika, Z., Diakogiannis, I., Sakka, S., & Parlapani, E. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Greek Version of FCV-19S. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00319-8
   Google Scholar
• Van de Schoot, R., Lugtig, P., & Hox, J. (2012). A checklist for testing measurement invariance. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(4), 486–492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.686740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakashima, K., Asai, K., Kobayashi, D., Koiwa, K., Kamoshida, S., & Sakuraba, M. (2020). The Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale: Reliability, validity, and relation to coping behavior. PLoS One, 15(11), e0241958. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whisman, M. A., & Judd, C. M. (2016). A cross-national analysis of measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 239–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker, T. A. (2012). Using the modification index and standardized expected parameter change for model modification. The Journal of Experimental Education, 80(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2010.531299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, M., & Lai, M. H. C. (2018). Testing factorial invariance with unbalanced samples. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1387859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, K.-H., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihood-based methods for mean and Covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. Sociological Methodology, 30(1), 165–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0081-1750.00078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar