Suicidal ideation in university students in Lithuania amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study with pre-pandemic measures

References

• Akram, U., Ypsilanti, A., Gardani, M., Irvine, K., Allen, S., Akram, A., Drabble, J., Bickle, E., Kaye, L., Lipinski, D., Matuszyk, E., Sarlak, H., Steedman, E., & Lazuras, L. (2020). Prevalence and psychiatric correlates of suicidal ideation in UK university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 272, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12(20), 8438–8434. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning, M. H. E. M., Larson, L. R., Sharaievska, I., Rigolon, A., McAnirlin, O., Mullenbach, L., Cloutier, S., Vu, T. M., Thomsen, J., Reigner, N., Metcalf, E. C., D'Antonio, A., Helbich, M., Bratman, G. N., & Alvarez, H. O. (2021). Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS One, 16(1), e0245327. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, C. J., Bryan, A. B. O., & Baker, J. C. (2020). Associations among state-level physical distancing measures and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among U.S. adults during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 50(6), 1223–1229. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caballero-Domínguez, C. C., Jiménez-Villamizar, M. P., & Campo-Arias, A. (2020). Suicide risk during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Colombia. Death Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1784312
   Google Scholar
• Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Strycker, L. A. (2013). An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. In An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS One, 15(7), e0236337–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2017). Deaths from suicide – standardized death rate, 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Deaths_from_suicide_%E2%80%94_standardised_death_rate,_2017_(per_100_000_inhabitants)_Health20.png
   Google Scholar
• Gallo Marin, B., Aghagoli, G., Lavine, K., Yang, L., Siff, E. J., Chiang, S. S., Salazar-Mather, T. P., Dumenco, L., Savaria, M. C., Aung, S. N., Flanigan, T., & Michelow, I. C. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 severity: A literature review. Reviews in Medical Virology, 31(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelezelyte, O., Dragan, M., Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene, I., Grajewski, P., Lotzin, A., Skrodzka, M., Nomeikaite, A., & Kazlauskas, E. (in press). Changes in suicidal ideation in Lithuania and Poland in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Crisis.
   Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, A. M., da Cruz Sequeira, C. A., Duarte, J. C., & de Freitas, P. P. (2016). Suicidal Ideation on higher education students: Influence of some psychosocial variables. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(2), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell, D., Appleby, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., John, A., Kapur, N., Khan, M., O’Connor, R. C., Pirkis, J., Caine, E. D., Chan, L. F., Chang, S., Sen, Chen, Y. Y., Christensen, H., Dandona, R., Eddleston, M., Erlangsen, A., Harkavy-Friedman, J., Kirtley, O. J., … Yip, P. S. (2020). Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(6), 468–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30171-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(Pt 2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, A., Eyles, E., McGuinness, L. A., Okolie, C., Olorisade, B. K., Schmidt, L., Webb, R. T., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., Kapur, N., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., O’Neill, S., Gunnell, D., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: Protocol for a living systematic review. F1000Research, 9, 644. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24274.1
   Google Scholar
• Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. S. (2008). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x
   Google Scholar
• Killgore, W. D. S., Cloonan, S. A., Taylor, E. C., & Dailey, N. S. (2020). Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113112–113117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd ed. In Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Li, W., Dorstyn, D. S., & Jarmon, E. (2020). Identifying suicide risk among college students: A systematic review. Death Studies, 44(7), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2019.1578305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losada-Baltar, A., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Gallego-Alberto, L., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Fernandes-Pires, J., & Márquez-González, M. (2020). We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 76(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. B., & Hollist, C. S. (2007). Attrition bias. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics (Vol. 1., pp. 57–60). Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Mortier, P., Vilagut, G., Ferrer, M., Alayo, I., Bruffaerts, R., Cristóbal-Narváez, P., del Cura-González, I., Domènech-Abella, J., Nobrega, M. F., Olaya, B., Pijoan, J. I., Vieta, E., Pérez-Solà, V., Kessler, R. C., Haro, J. M., & Alonso, J. (2021). Thirty-day suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the spanish adult general population during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30, e19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R. C., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., McClelland, H., Melson, A. J., Niedzwiedz, C. L., O'Carroll, R. E., O’Connor, D. B., Platt, S., Scowcroft, E., Watson, B., Zortea, T., Ferguson, E., & Robb, K. A. (2021). Mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 218(6), 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Rice, S. M., Kealy, D., Seidler, Z. E., Delara, M., & Oliffe, J. L. (2021). Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of online help-seeking Canadian men. Postgraduate Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2021.1873027
   Google Scholar
• Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R): Validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110100800409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj, S., Ghosh, D., Singh, T., Verma, S. K., & Arya, Y. K. (2020). Theoretical mapping of suicidal risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mini-review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 589614–589617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, T., & Okamoto, S. (2021). Increase in suicide following an initial decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01042-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, H., Webster, H., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., Kira, B. (2020). Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, Blavatnik School of Government. Data use policy: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY standard. https://covidtracker.bsg.ox.ac.uk/
   Google Scholar
• Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene, I., Brailovskaia, J., Kamite, Y., Petrauskaite, G., Margraf, J., & Kazlauskas, E. (2020). Does trauma shape identity? Exploring the links between lifetime trauma exposure and identity status in emerging adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 570644–570649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varga, T. V., Bu, F., Dissing, A. S., Elsenburg, L. K., Bustamante, J. J. H., Matta, J., van Zon, S. K. R., Brouwer, S., Bültmann, U., Fancourt, D., Hoeyer, K., Goldberg, M., Melchior, M., Strandberg-Larsen, K., Zins, M., Clotworthy, A., & Rod, N. H. (2021). Loneliness, worries, anxiety, and precautionary behaviours in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of 200,000 Western and Northern Europeans. The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, 2, 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasserman, D., Iosue, M., Wuestefeld, A., & Carli, V. (2020). Adaptation of evidence-based suicide prevention strategies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 19(3), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenjun, C., Ziwei, F., Guoqiang, H., Mei, H., Xinrong, X., Jiaxin, D., & Jianzhong, Z. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2021, March 31). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). Suicide data, 2016. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/suicide-data
   Google Scholar