Psycholinguistic, Stroop, and self-report measurements of death anxiety: A study of convergent validity

References

• Álvarez, A., & Rodríguez-González, L. (2016). Death-related Stroop cues increase materialistic choices in decision making. In C. Prancana & M. Wong (Eds.), Proceedings: International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends, 293–295.
   Google Scholar
• Brockmeyer, T., Zimmermann, J., Kulessa, D., Hautzinger, M., Bents, H., Friederich, H. C., Herzog, W., & Backenstrass, M. (2015). Me, myself, and I: Self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to depression and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(OCT), 1564. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01564
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burnette, C. P., Mundy, P. C., Meyer, J. A., Sutton, S. K., Vaughan, A. E., & Charak, D. (2005). Weak central coherence and its relations to theory of mind and anxiety in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-004-1035-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal, D. K., & Hakel, M. D. (2016). Experimental comparisons of methods for reducing deliberate distortions to self-report measures of sensitive constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 19(3), 475–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116639131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton, W. W., Smith, C., Ybarra, M., Muntaner, C., & Tien, A. (2004). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment: Instruments for adults (pp. 363–377). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, T., & Holtzman, N. S. (2017). A meta-analysis of correlations between depression and first person singular pronoun use. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortner, B. V., Neimeyer, R. A., & Rybarczyk, B. (2020). Correlates of death anxiety in older adults: A comprehensive review. In A. Tomer (Ed.), Death attitudes and the older adult: Theories concepts and applications, 95–109.
   Google Scholar
• Graesser, A. C., McNamara, D. S., & Kulikowich, J. M. (2011). Coh-Metrix: Providing multilevel analyses of text characteristics. Educational Researcher, 40(5), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11413260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Rosenblatt, A., Veeder, M., Kirkland, S., & Lyon, D. (1990). Evidence for Terror Management Theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, S., Qin, J., & Ma, Y. (2010). Neurocognitive processes of linguistic cues related to death. Neuropsychologia, 48(12), 3436–3442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, J., Schimel, J., Faucher, E. H., & Williams, T. J. (2008). Evidence for the DTA hypothesis II: Threatening self-esteem increases death-thought accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 600–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh, J. B., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Personality and language use in self-narratives. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastenbaum, R. (2015). Death, society and human experience (11th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemological studies. Religions, 1(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K., & Bock, M. A. (2009). The content analysis reader. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Lundh, L. G., & Radon, V. (1998). Death anxiety as a function of belief in an afterlife. A comparison between a questionnaire measure and a Stroop measure of death anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00072-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, M., Aksayli, N. D., & Brewer, G. (2018). Mental distress and language use: Linguistic analysis of discussion forum posts. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, A., Mogg, K., May, J., & Eysenck, M. (1989). Implicit and explicit memory bias in anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98(3), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.98.3.236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, D. S., Louwerse, M. M., McCarthy, P. M., & Graesser, A. C. (2010). Coh-Metrix: Capturing linguistic features of cohesion. Discourse Processes, 47(4), 292–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638530902959943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidu, P. A., Hine, T. J., & Glendon, A. I. (2022). Methodological weakness of the death-word-fragment task: Alternative implicit death anxiety measures. Death Studies, 46(7), 1706–1715. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1846228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. (2011). The secret life of pronouns. New Scientist, 211(2828), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62167-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J., Boyd, R., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015. University of Texas at Austin. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/31333
   Google Scholar
• Phaf, R. H., & Kan, K. J. (2007). The automaticity of emotional Stroop: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(2), 184–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. A. (2015). The worm at the core: On the role of death in life. Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C. (2010). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology (p. 1698). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Wegener, D., & Clark, J. (2021). Cognitive processes in attitude formation and change. In D. Albarracin, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 507–556). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410612823-21
   Google Scholar
• Wong, P., Reker, G., & Gesser, G. (1994). The Death Attitude Profile Revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes towards death. In R. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death anxiety handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application (pp. 121–148). Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Zuccala, M., Menzies, R. E., Hunt, C. J., & Abbott, M. J. (2022). A systematic review of the psychometric properties of death anxiety self-report measures. Death Studies, 46(2), 257–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2019.1699203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar