REFERENCES
- Archer, N.S., & Pippert, R. (1962). Don't change the answer! An exposé of the perennial myth that the first choices are always the correct ones. Clearing House, 37(1), 39–41.
- Ballance, C.T. (1977). Students' expectations and their answer-changing behavior. Psychological Reports, 41, 163–166.
- Benjamin, L.T., Jr., Cavell, T.A., & Shallenberger, W.R., III. (1984). Staying with initial answers on objective tests: Is it a myth? Teaching of Psychology, 11, 133–141.
- Berrien, F.K. (1939). Are first impressions best on objective tests? School and Society, 50, 319–320.
- Crawford, C. (1928). The technique of study. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Crocker, L., & Benson, J. (1980). Does answer- changing affect test quality? Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 12, 233–239.
- Cromack, T.R. (1981, April). Some theoretical implications of changing answers on multiple-choice tests. Paper presented at the meeting of the New England Educational Research Organization, Lenox, MA.
- Foote, R., & Belinky, C. (1972). It pays to switch? Consequences of changing answers on multiple-choice examinations. Psychological Reports, 31, 667–673.
- Jacobs, S.S. (1972). Answer changing on objective tests: Some implications for test validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32, 1039–1044.
- Jarrett, R.F. (1948). The extra-chance nature of changes in students' responses to objective test items. Journal of General Psychology, 38, 243–250.
- Kazdin, A.E. (1980). Research design in clinical psychology. New York: Harper & Row.
- Lehman, H.C. (1928). Does it pay to change initial decisions in a true-false test? School and Society, 28, 456–458.
- Lowe, M.L., & Crawford, C.C. (1929). First impression versus second thought in true-false tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, 20, 192–195.
- Lynch, D.O., & Smith, B.C. (1975). Item response changes: Effects on test scores. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 7, 220–224.
- Mathews, C.O. (1929). Erroneous first impressions on objective tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, 20, 280–286.
- McMorris, R.F. (1981, April). Answer changing and attitudes. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Los Angeles.
- McMorris, R.F., & Leonard, G. (1976, April). Item response changes and cognitive style. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Francisco.
- Mehrens, W.A., & Lehmann, I.J. (1978). Measurement and evaluation in education and psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Mehrens, W.A., & Lehmann, I.J. (1984). Measurement and evaluation in education and psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Mueller, D.J., & Shwedel, A. (1975). Some correlates of net gain resultant from answer changing on objective achievement test items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 12, 251–254.
- Payne, B.D. (1984). The relationship of test anxiety and answer-changing behavior: An analysis by race and sex. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 16, 205–210.
- Reile, P.J., & Briggs, L.J. (1952). Should students change their initial answers on objective-type tests? More evidence regarding an old problem. Journal of Educational Psychology, 43, 110–115.
- Reiling, E., & Taylor, R. (1972). A new approach to the problem of changing initial responses to multiple choice questions. Journal of Educational Measurement, 9, 67–70.
- Smith, A., & Moore, J.C. (1976). The effects of changing answers on scores of nontestsophisticated examinees. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 8, 252–254.
- Vaas, C.E., & Nungester, R.J. (1982, March). An investigation of the answer changing behavior of adult learners. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.