High-Stakes Testing: An Examination of Elementary Counselors' Views and Their Academic Preparation to Meet This Challenge

REFERENCES

• American School Counselor Association. (1997). Position statement: Comprehensive programs. Retrieved September 6, 2001, from http://www.schoolcounselor.org/content.cfm?Ll=1000&L2=9
   Google Scholar
• American School Counselor Association and Association for Assessment in Counseling. (1998, September 10/21). Competencies in assessment and evaluation for school counselors. Retrieved October 10, 2002 from http://aac.ncat.edu/documents/atsc_cmptncy.htm
   Google Scholar
• Bernauer, J. A., & Cress, K. (1997). How school communities can help redefine accountability assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 79, 71–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borders, L. D., & Drury, S. M. (1992). Comprehensive school counseling programs: A review for policymakers and practitioners. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 487–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. (1999a). Improving academic achievement: What school counselors can do. Greensboro, NC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED435895)
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. (1999b). Proven strategies for improving learning and academic achievement. Greensboro, NC: CAPS Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, C. A., & Robinson, E. H. (1990). The accountability and research challenge: Training future counselors. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 25, 72–78.
   Google Scholar
• Cormany, R. B., & Brantley, W. A. (1996). It's our problem: An administrator looks at school guidance. The School Counselor, 43, 171–173.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, M. H., & Altekruse, M. (1982). The preparation of counselors for assessment. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 15, 74–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing, C. J. (1977). Teaching children behavior change techniques. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 11, 277–283.
   Google Scholar
• Education Week on the Web. (2001, July 26). Hot Topics: Accountability. Retrieved August 23, 2001, from http://www.edweek.org/context/topics/issuespage.cfm?id=49
   Google Scholar
• Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 2701 (1965).
   Google Scholar
• Elmore, P. B., Ekstrom, R., & Diamond, E. E. (1993). Counselors' test use practices: Indicators of the adequacy of measurement training. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 26, 116–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmore, P. B., Ekstrom, R. B., Diamond, E. E., & Whittaker, S. (1993). School counselors' test use patterns. The School Counselor, 41, 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• Fairchild, T. N. (1993). Accountability practices of school counselors: 1990 National Survey. The School Counselor, 40, 363–374.
   Google Scholar
• Fairchild, T. N., & Zins, J. E. (1986). Accountability practices of school counselors: A national survey. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 196–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr. (1985). Elementary school counseling research and the classroom learning environment. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 20, 39–48.
   Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr. (1990). Children's success in school: Collaborative research among counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 25, 64–71.
   Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr., & Anderson, R. F. (1986). The effects of classroom guidance on children's success in school. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 78–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr., & Costar, E. (1980). Scoring high in reading: The effectiveness of teaching achievement test-taking behaviors. Research and Innovation in Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 15, 157–159.
   Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr., & Herndon, E. Y. (1993). Learning how to succeed academically in middle school. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 27, 186–197.
   Google Scholar
• Gerler, E. R., Jr., Kinney, J., & Anderson, R. F. (1985). The effects of counseling on classroom performance. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 23, 155–165.
   Google Scholar
• Ginsberg, R., & Berry, B. (1998). The capability for enhancing accountability. Educational Policy, 12(1/2), 48–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano, F. G., Schwiebert, V. L., & Brotherton, W. D. (1997). School counselors' perceptions of the usefulness of standardized tests, frequency of their use, and assessment training needs. The School Counselor, 44, 198–205.
   Google Scholar
• Goals 2000: Educate America Act. 103 U.S.C. § 1804 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Haladyna, T. M., Haas, N. M., & Allison, J. (1998). Continuing tensions in standardized testing. Childhood Education, 74, 262–273.
   Google Scholar
• Herr, E. L. (1998, January). Assessment '98: A hotbed of issues and challenges. Paper presented at the ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services Conference “Assessment '98: Assessment for change—changes in assessment,” St. Petersburg, FL.
   Google Scholar
• Impara, J. C. (1995). Assessment skills of counselors, principals, and teachers. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 387708)
   Google Scholar
• Kachgal, M., Romano, J. L., & Peterson, J. (2001). Changes in counseling preparation programs: Early findings. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Center for the Applied Research and Educational Improvement.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R. S. (1993). Effects of classroom guidance on student achievement. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 27, 163–171.
   Google Scholar
• Louis, K. S., Jones, L. M., & Barajas, H. (2001). Evaluation of the transforming school counselor initiative: Districts and schools as a context for transformed counseling roles. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Center for the Applied Research and Educational Improvement.
   Google Scholar
• Mullis, F., & Otwell, P. S. (1997). Counselor accountability: A study of counselor effects on academic achievement and student behaviors. Georgia School Counseling Association Journal, 1(4), 4–12.
   Google Scholar
• National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983, April). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 107 U.S.C. § 1425 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Pérusse, R., Goodnough, G. E., & Noël, C. J. (2001). A national survey of school counselor preparation programs: Screening methods, faculty experiences, curricular content, and fieldwork requirements. Counselor Education and Supervision, 40, 252–262.
   Google Scholar
• Prediger, D. J. (1994). Tests and counseling: The marriage that prevailed. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 26, 227–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer, W. D., & Lissitz, R. W. (1987). Measurement training for school personnel: Recommendations and reality. Journal of Teacher Education, 38(3), 57–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seppanen, P. S., Schleisman, J. L., & McKendall, V. J. (2000). Evaluation of the transforming school counselor initiative: Partnerships as a vehicle for change. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement.
   Google Scholar
• Steenbarger, B. N., & Smith, H. B. (1996). Assessing the quality of counseling services: Developing accountable helping systems. Journal of Counseling & Development, 75, 145–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiggins, R. J. (1999). Barriers to effective student assessments. Education Digest, 64(6), 25–29.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, C. B., & Clark, M. A. (2001). School counselors and principals: Partners in support of academic achievement. National Association of Secondary School Principals. NAASP Bulletin, 85(624), 46–53.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. A. (1987). Creating instructional and counseling partnerships to improve the academic performance of underachievers. The School Counselor, 34, 289–296.
   Google Scholar
• Transforming School Counselor Initiative Reports. (2000). A report on first year experiences: Executive summary—October 2000. University of Minnesota, College of Education and Human Development, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement. Retrieved August 3, 2001 from http://carei.coled.umn.edu/Programs/DeWitt/year_l.htm
   Google Scholar
• Whitson, S. C. (1996). Accountability through action research: Research methods for practitioners. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74, 616–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, N. S. (1985). School counselors and research: Obstacles and opportunities. The School Counselor, 33, 111–119.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, N. S. (1986). Counselor interventions with low-achieving and underachieving elementary, middle, and high school students: A review of the literature. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 628–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar