Gluten-related disorders: certainties, questions and doubts

References

• Catassi C, Bai JC, Bonaz B. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: the new frontier of gluten related disorders. Nutrients. 2013;5:3839–3853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasano A, Catassi C. Clinical practice. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2419–2426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keet CA, Matsui EC, Dhillon G, et al. The natural history of wheat allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;102:410–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapone A, Bai JC, Ciacci C, et al. Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification. BMC Med. 2012;10:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz I, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS. The spectrum of noncoeliac gluten sensitivity . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:516–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubcovsky J, Dvorak J. Genome plasticity a key factor in the success of polyploidy wheat under domestication. Science. 2007;316:1862–1866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shewry P. Cultivation and impact of wheat. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Online Publication Date: Nov 2016. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.218.
   Google Scholar
• Evers T, Millart S. Cereal grain structure and development: some implications for quality. J Cereal Sci. 2002;36:261–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone B, Morrell MK. Carbohydrates. In: Khan K, Shewry PR, editors. Wheat: chemistry and technology. 4th ed. St Paul: American Association of Cereal Chemists; 2009. p. 299–362.
   Google Scholar
• Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:320–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shewry PR, Tatham AS. Biotechnology of wheat quality. J Sci Food Agric. 1997;73:397–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belton PS. On the elasticity of wheat gluten. J Cereal Sci. 1999;29:103–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shewry PR, Popineau Y, Lafiandra D, et al. Wheat glutenin subunits and dough elasticity: findings of the EUROWHEAT project. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2001;11:433–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieser H. Chemistry of gluten proteins. Food Microbiol. 2007;24:115–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junker Y, Zeissig S, Kim SJ. Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med. 2012;209:2395–2408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB. Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:6036–6059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH. The unfolding story of celiac disease risk factors. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:632–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocan O, Dumitraşcu DL. The broad spectrum of celiac disease and gluten sensitive enteropathy. Clujul Med. 2016;89:335–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catassi C, Gatti S, Lionetti E. World perspective and celiac disease epidemiology. Dig Dis. 2015;33:141–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson JF, Bai JC, Biagi F, et al. Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut. 2014;63:1210–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Heel DA, West J. Recent advances in coeliac disease. Gut. 2006;55:1037–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Uzzau S, Goldblum SE, et al. Human zonulin, a potential modulator of intestinal tight junctions. J Cell Sci. 2000;113:4435–4440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuppan D. Current concepts of celiac disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:234–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewar D, Pereira SP, Ciclitira PJ. The pathogenesis of coeliac disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36:17–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vader W, Stepniak D, Kooy Y, et al. The HLA-DQ2 gene dose effect in celiac disease is directly related to the magnitude and breadth of gluten-specific T cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:12390–12395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvinen TT, Collin P, Rasmussen M, et al. Villous tip intraepithelial lymphocytes as markers of early-stage coeliac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:428–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy MY, Tye-Din JA. Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity. Clin Transl Immunology. 2016;5:e112 [eCollection].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriezinga SL, Auricchio R, Bravi E. Randomized feeding intervention in infants at high risk for celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1304–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:136–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, et al. Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson JF, Leffler DA, Bai JC, et al. The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. Gut. 2013;62:43–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosco A, Salvati VM, Auricchio R, et al. Natural history of potential celiac disease in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:320–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurppa K, Collin P, Viljamaa M, et al. Diagnosing mild enteropathy celiac disease: a randomized, controlled clinical study. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:816–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giersiepen K, Lelgemann M, Stuhldreher N, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic antibody tests for coeliac disease in children: summary of an evidence report. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:229–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green PH, Jabri B. Coeliac disease. Lancet. 2003;362:383–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amarri S, Alvisi P, De Giorgio R, et al. Antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides: an accurate predictor of coeliac disease in infancy. J Clin Immunol. 2013;33:1027–1030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessels MM, Vriezinga SL, Koletzko S, et al. Impact on parents of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotyping in healthy children from coeliac families. Eur J Hum Genet. 2014;23:405–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease diagnosis: simple rules are better than complicated algorithms. Am J Med. 2010;123:691–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picarelli A, Di Tola M, Borghini R, et al. Colonic involvement in celiac disease and possible implications of the sigmoid mucosa organ culture in its diagnosis. J Clin Immunol. 2013;33:1250–1256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Mahony S, Barton JR, Crichton S, et al. Appraisal of gut lavage in the study of intestinal humoral immunity. Gut. 1990;31:1341–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonamico M, Ferri M, Nenna R, et al. Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection in human saliva: a powerful method for celiac disease screening. J Pediatr. 2004;144:632–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonamico M, Nenna R, Luparia RP, et al. Radioimmunological detection of anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies in human saliva: a useful test to monitor coeliac disease follow-up. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28:364–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldas V, Tommasini A, Santon D, et al. Testing for anti-human transglutaminase antibodies in saliva is not useful for diagnosis of celiac disease. Clin Chem. 2004;50:216–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picarelli A, Sabbatella L, Di Tola M, et al. Antiendomysial antibody detection in fecal supernatants. In vivo proof that small bowel mucosa is the site of antiendomysial antibody production. Am J Gastroenterology. 2002;97:95–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenman SM, Lindfors K, Korponay-Szabo IR, et al. Secretion of celiac disease autoantibodies after in vitro gliadin challenge is dependent on small-bowel mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific IgA deposits. BMC Immunol. 2008;9:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortora R, Russo I, De Palma GD, et al. In vitro gliadin challenge: diagnostic accuracy and utility for the difficult diagnosis of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Tola M, Marino M, Casale R, et al. One-step immunochromatographic visual assay for anti-transglutaminase detection in organ culture system: an easy and prompt method to simplify the in vitro diagnosis of celiac disease. J Clin Lab Anal. 2017;9. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22195
   Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, Di Prima L, Pirrone G, et al. Anti-transglutaminase antibody assay of the culture medium of intestinal biopsy specimens can improve the accuracy of celiac disease diagnosis. Clin Chem. 2006;52:1175–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, Iacono G, Di Prima L, et al. Antiendomysium antibodies assay in the culture medium of intestinal mucosa: an accurate method for celiac disease diagnosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23:1018–1023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar J, Kumar M, Pandey R, et al. Physiopathology and management of gluten-induced celiac disease. J Food Sci. 2017;82:270–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silano M, Volta U, Mecchia AM, et al. Delayed diagnosis of coeliac disease increases cancer risk. BMC Gastroenterol. 2007;7:8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilus T, Kaukinen K, Virta LJ, et al. Incidence of malignancies in diagnosed celiac patients: a population-based estimate. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:1471–1477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Chen W, Li P, et al. Association between coeliac disease and risk of any malignancy and gastrointestinal malignancy: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel M, Garber ME, Spencer AG, et al. Safety, tolerability, and activity of ALV003: results from two phase 1 single, escalating-dose clinical trials. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;5:440–450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoerchan VV, Wiesner M, Hillaert U, et al. Design, synthesis and evaluation of high-affinity binders for the celiac disease associated HLA-DQ2 molecule. Mol Immunol. 2010;47:1091–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klöck C, Herrera Z, Albertelli M, et al. Discovery of potent and specific dihydroisoxazole inhibitors of human transglutaminase 2. J Med Chem. 2014;57:9042–9064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly CP, Green PH, Murray JA, et al. Larazotide acetate in patients with coeliac disease undergoing a glukten challenge: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37:252–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahdeaho ML, Maki M, Laurila K, et al. Small-bowel mucosal changes and antibody responses after low- and moderate-dose gluten challenge in celiac disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011;11:129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriaanse MP, Tack GJ, Passos VL, et al. Serum I-FABP as marker for enterocyte damage in coeliac disease and its relation to villous atrophy and circulating autoantibodies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;7:482–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemente MG, Musu MP, Frau F, et al. Immune reaction against the cytoskeleton in coeliac disease. Gut. 2000;47:520–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abadie V, Discepolo V, Jabri B. Intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2012;34:551–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriaanse MP, Leffler DA, Kelly CP, et al. Serum I-FABP detects gluten responsiveness in adult celiac disease patients on a short-term gluten challenge. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:1014–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemente MG, Musu MP, Troncone R, et al. Enterocyte actin autoantibody detection: a new diagnostic tool in celiac disease diagnosis: results of a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1551–1556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirru E, Danjou F, Cicotto L, et al. Anti-actin IgA antibodies identify celiac disease patients with a Marsh 3 intestinal damage among subjects with moderate anti-TG2 levels. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:630463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achour A, Thabet Y, Sakly W, et al. IgA anti-actin antibodies in celiac disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010;34:483–487.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno ML, Rodríguez-Herrera A, Sousa C, et al. Biomarkers to monitor gluten-free diet compliance in celiac patients. Nutrients. 2017;9:46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson HA. Food allergy: past, present and future. Allergol Int. 2016;65:363–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inomata N. Wheat allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9:238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuidmeer L, Goldhahn K, Rona RJ, et al. The prevalence of plant food allergies: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1210–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiger RS, Heller S. The development and prediction of atopy in high-risk children: follow-up at age seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;95:1179–1190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, et al. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:992–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czaya-Bulsa G, Bulsa M. What do we know about IgE-mediated wheat allergy in children? Nutrients. 2017;9:E35. DOI: 10.3390/nu9010035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pravettoni V, Incorvaia C. Diagnosis of exercise-induced anaphylaxis: current insights. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houba R, Doekes G, Heederik D. Occupational respiratory allergy in bakery workers: a review of the literature. Am J Ind Med. 1998;34:529–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaro C, Goosen A. Immunological occupational contact urticarial and contact dermatitis from proteins: a review. Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58:67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varjonen E, Petman L, Makinen-Kiljunen S. Immediate contact allergy from hydrolyzed wheat in a cosmetic cream . Allergy. 2000;55:294–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquenet S, Morisset M, Battais F, et al. Interest of ImmunoCAP system to recombinant omega-5 gliadin for the diagnosis of exercise-induced wheat allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;149:74–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battais F, Mothes T, Moneret-Vautrin DA, et al. Identification of IgE-binding epitopes on gliadins for patients with food allergy to wheat. Allergy. 2005;60:815–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatham AS, Shewry PR. Allergens to wheat and related cereals. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38:1712–1726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, et al. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders. World J Clin Cases. 2015;3:275–284.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill ID, Fasano A, Guandalini S, et al. NASPGHAN clinical report on the diagnosis and treatment of gluten-related disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63:156–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares-Weiser K, Takwoingi Y, Panesar SS, et al. The diagnosis of food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niggemann B, Sielaff B, Beyer K, et al. Outcome of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge tests in 107 children with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999;29:91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridolo E, Melli V, De' Angelis G, et al. Eosinophilic disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract: an update. Clin Mol Allergy. 2016;14:17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BU, et al. Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53:145–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Cianferoni A, et al. Identification of causative foods in children with eosinophilic esophagitis treated with an elimination diet. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:461–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres JA, Sastre J, de las Heras M, et al. IgE-mediated cereal allergy and latent celiac disease. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2008;18:407–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantin C, Huber WD, Granditsch G, et al. Different profiles of wheat antigens are recognized by patients suffering from coeliac disease and IgE-mediated food allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005;138:257–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, et al. Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:807–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catassi C. Gluten sensitivity. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;67:16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francavilla R, Cristofori F, Castellaneta S, et al. Clinical, serologic, and histologic features of gluten sensitivity in children. J Pediatr. 2014;164:463–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biesiekierski JR, Newnham ED, Irving PM. Gluten causes gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects without celiac disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:508–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapone A, Lammers KM, Casolaro V, et al. Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. BMC Med. 2011;9:23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, D'Alcamo A, Cavataio F, et al. High proportions of people with nonceliac wheat sensitivity have autoimmune disease or antinuclear antibodies. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:596–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucci C, Zingone F, Russo I, et al. Gliadin does not induce mucosal inflammation or basophil activation in patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1294–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volta U, De GR. New understanding of gluten sensitivity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9:295–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigo L, Hernández-Lahoz C, Lauret E, et al. Gluten ataxia is better classified as non-celiac gluten sensitivity than as celiac disease: a comparative clinical study. Immunol Res. 2016;64:558–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjivassiliou M, Rao DG, Grìnewald RA, et al. Neurological dysfunction in coeliac disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:561–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau NM, Green PH, Taylor AK, et al. Markers of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity in children with autism. PLoS One. 2013;8:e66155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millward C, Ferriter M, Calver S, et al. Gluten- and casein-free diets for autistic spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD003498. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marí-Bauset S, Zazpe I, Mari-Sanchis A, et al. Evidence of the gluten-free and casein-free diet in autism spectrum disorders. A systematic review. J Child Neurol. 2014;29:1718–1727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, et al. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;29:477–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson PR, Shepherd SJ. Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms: the FODMAP approach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25:252–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundin KE, Alaedini A. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2012;22:723–734.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meijer CR, Shamir R, Mearin ML. Coeliac disease and noncoeliac gluten sensitivity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60:429–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, Manuseto P, Iacono G, et al. Non-celiac wheat sensitivity diagnosed by double-blind placebo-controlled challenge: exploring a new clinical entity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1898–1906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catassi C, Elli L, Bonaz B, et al. Diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): the Salerno experts' criteria. Nutrients. 2015;7:4966–4977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picarelli A, Borghini R, Di Tola M, et al. Intestinal, systemic, and oral gluten-related alterations in patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50:849–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elli L, Villalta D, Roncoroni L, et al. Nomenclature and diagnosis of gluten-related disorders: a position statement by the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO). Dig Liver Dis. 2017;49:138–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar