Using chronobiology-based second-generation artificial intelligence digital system for overcoming antimicrobial drug resistance in chronic infections

References

• Gaynes R. The discovery of penicillin—new insights after more than 75 years of clinical use. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(5):849–853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature 1940;146:837.
   Google Scholar
• Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010;74(3):417–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Pop M. ARDB–antibiotic resistance genes database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D443–D447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchings MI, Truman AW, Wilkinson B. Antibiotics: past, present and future. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019;51:72–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling LL, Schneider T, Peoples AJ, et al. A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance. Nature. 2015;517(7535):455–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins RR, Papp-Wallace KM, Drawz SM, et al. Novel β-lactamase inhibitors: a therapeutic hope against the scourge of multidrug resistance. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annunziato G. Strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance (AMR) making use of non-essential target inhibitors: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):5844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charani E, Castro-Sanchéz E, Bradley S, et al. Implementation of antibiotic stewardship in different settings – results of an international survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijhuis M, van Maarseveen NM, Boucher CA. Antiviral resistance and impact on viral replication capacity: evolution of viruses under antiviral pressure occurs in three phases. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;189:299–320.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason S, Devincenzo JP, Toovey S, et al. Comparison of antiviral resistance across acute and chronic viral infections. Antiviral Res. 2018;158:103–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna H, van der Horst GTJ, Reiss I, et al. Clinical chronobiology: a timely consideration in critical care medicine. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Çalıyurt O. Role of chronobiology as a transdisciplinary field of research: its applications in treating mood disorders. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(6):514–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diallo AB, Coiffard B, Leone M, et al. For whom the clock ticks: clinical chronobiology for infectious diseases. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okoye IS, Houghton M, Tyrrell L, et al. Coinhibitory receptor expression and immune checkpoint blockade: maintaining a balance in CD8(+) T cell responses to chronic viral infections and cancer. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha L, Fan HM, Tao HR, et al. Recent strategies to combat biofilms using antimicrobial agents and therapeutic approaches. Pathogens. 2022;11(3):292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadar S, Khan T, Patching SG, et al. Development of antibiofilm therapeutics strategies to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. Microorganisms. 2022;10(2):303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogensen TH. Genetic susceptibility to viral disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(11):1411–1416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reygaert WC. An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiol. 2018;4(3):482–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. Tuberculosis. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1642–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Conradie F, Diacon AH, Ngubane N, et al. Treatment of highly drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):893–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson KK, Goldmann DA, Pier GB. Use of confocal microscopy to analyze the rate of vancomycin penetration through Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(6):2467–2473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daddi Oubekka S, Briandet R, Fontaine-Aupart MP, et al. Correlative time-resolved fluorescence microscopy to assess antibiotic diffusion-reaction in biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(6):3349–3358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimza BD, Cassat JE. Mechanisms of antibiotic failure during. Front Immunol. 2021;12:638085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manes RP, Batra PS. Bacteriology and antibiotic resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2012;20(1):87–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba C, Blanco A, Alarcón T. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(5):489–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mégraud F. H. pylori antibiotic resistance: prevalence, importance, and advances in testing. Gut. 2004;53(9):1374–1384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tshibangu-Kabamba E, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance – from biology to clinical implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(9):613–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev. 2021;22(2):e13108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potruch A, Khoury ST, Ilan Y. The role of chronobiology in drug-resistance epilepsy: the potential use of a variability and chronotherapy-based individualized platform for improving the response to anti-seizure drugs. Seizure. 2020;80:201–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagiani F, Di Marino D, Romagnoli A, et al. Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis AM, Bellet MM, Sassone-Corsi P, et al. Circadian clock proteins and immunity. Immunity. 2014;40(2):178–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheiermann C, Kunisaki Y, Frenette PS. Circadian control of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(3):190–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz NCM, van der Werf YD, Lammers-van der Holst HM. The importance of sleep and circadian rhythms for vaccination success and susceptibility to viral infections. Clocks Sleep. 2022;4(1):66–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen KD, Fentress SJ, Qiu Y, et al. Circadian gene Bmal1 regulates diurnal oscillations of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes. Science. 2013;341(6153):1483–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellet MM, Deriu E, Liu JZ, et al. Circadian clock regulates the host response to Salmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(24):9897–9902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijo-Ferreira F, Takahashi JS. Circadian rhythms in infectious diseases and symbiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;126:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell AJ, Schneider P, McWatters HG, et al. Fitness costs of disrupting circadian rhythms in malaria parasites. Proc Biol Sci. 2011;278(1717):2429–2436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perunova NB, Fadeev SB, Paromova II, et al. Circadian rhythms of antibacterial resistance, coagulase and antilysozyme activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2008 May-Jun;(3):6–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bukharin OV, Perunova NB, Fadeev SB, et al. Biorhythms of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. Z Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2008;5:35–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vinks AA, Touw DJ, Heijerman HG, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in adult cystic fibrosis patients during continuous infusion and ambulatory treatment at home. Ther Drug Monit. 1994;16(4):341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp D, Labrecque G. Chronobiology and chronotoxicology of antibiotics and aminoglycosides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59(9–10):896–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrmann H, McKeating JA, Zhuang X. The circadian clock and viral infections. J Biol Rhythms. 2021;36(1):9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco JR, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama A, et al. The circadian rhythm of viruses and its implications on susceptibility to infection. Expert Rev anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(8):1109–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta S, Ince L, Sartor F, et al. Clocks, viruses, and immunity: lessons for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Biol Rhythms. 2021;36(1):23–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvedar JC, Fogel AL, Elenko E, et al. Digital medicine’s march on chronic disease. Nat Biotechnol. 2016;34(3):239–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senbekov M, Saliev T, Bukeyeva Z, et al. The recent progress and applications of digital technologies in healthcare: a review. Int J Telemed Appl. 2020;2020:8830200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad A, Trenfield SJ, Pollard TD, et al. Connected healthcare: improving patient care using digital health technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;178:113958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncombe RA. Understanding the impact of mobile phones on livelihoods in developing countries. Dev Pol Rev. 2014;32(5):567–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbaraman R, de Mondesert L, Musiimenta A, et al. Digital adherence technologies for the management of tuberculosis therapy: mapping the landscape and research priorities. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(5):e001018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pop-Eleches C, Thirumurthy H, Habyarimana JP, et al. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to anti-retroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. AIDS. 2011;25(6):825–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaulac J, Balfour L, Corace K, et al. Access and preferences for mobile technology among diverse hepatitis C patients: implications for expanding treatment care. J MTM. 2019;8(1):11–19.
   Google Scholar
• Bediang G, Stoll B, Elia N, et al. SMS reminders to improve the tuberculosis cure rate in developing countries (TB-SMS Cameroon): a protocol of a randomised control study. Trials. 2014;15(1):35–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nhavoto JA, Grönlund Å, Klein GO. Mobile health treatment support intervention for HIV and tuberculosis in Mozambique: perspectives of patients and healthcare workers. PLOS One. 2017;12(4):e0176051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Lewis JJ, Zhang H, et al. Effectiveness of electronic reminders to improve medication adherence in tuberculosis patients: a cluster-randomised trial. PLOS Med. 2015;12(9):e1001876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molton JS, Pang Y, Wang Z, et al. Prospective single-arm interventional pilot study to assess a smartphone-based system for measuring and supporting adherence to medication. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e014194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuck C, Robinson E, Macaraig M, et al. Enhancing management of tuberculosis treatment with video directly observed therapy in New York city. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016;20(5):588–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfein RS, Collins K, Muñoz F, et al. Feasibility of tuberculosis treatment monitoring by video directly observed therapy: a binational pilot study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(9):1057–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Blaschke T, Thomas B, et al. Usability of a medication event reminder monitor system (MERM) by providers and patients to improve adherence in the management of tuberculosis. IJERPH. 2017;14(10):1115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sumari-de Boer IM, van den Boogaard J, Ngowi KM, et al. Feasibility of real time medication monitoring among HIV infected and TB patients in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(5):1097–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai PR, Vaz C, Goodman GR, et al. Ingestible electronic sensors to measure instantaneous medication adherence: a narrative review. Digit Health. 2022;8:20552076221083119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabat Y, Lichtenstein Y, Ilan Y. Short-term cohousing of sick with healthy or treated mice alleviates the inflammatory response and liver damage. Inflammation. 2021;44(2):518–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Haj M, Kanovitch D, Ilan Y. Personalized inherent randomness of the immune system is manifested by an individualized response to immune triggers and immunomodulatory therapies: a novel platform for designing personalized immunotherapies. Immunol Res. 2019;67(4–5):337–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Randomness in microtubule dynamics: an error that requires correction or an inherent plasticity required for normal cellular function? Cell Biol Int. 2019;43(7):739–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Microtubules: from understanding their dynamics to using them as potential therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6):7923–7937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan-Ber T, Ilan Y. The role of microtubules in the immune system and as potential targets for gut-based immunotherapy. Mol Immunol. 2019;111:73–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forkosh E, Kenig A, Ilan Y. Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020;8(4):e00616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Beta-glycosphingolipids as mediators of both inflammation and immune tolerance: a manifestation of randomness in biological systems. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Overcoming randomness does not rule out the importance of inherent randomness for functionality. J Biosci. 2019;44(6):132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Generating randomness: making the most out of disordering a false order into a real one. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilan Y. Advanced tailored randomness: a novel approach for improving the efficacy of biological systems. J Comput Biol. 2020;27(1):20–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Order through disorder: the characteristic variability of systems. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Overcoming compensatory mechanisms toward chronic drug administration to ensure long-term, sustainable beneficial effects. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;18:335–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uehata N, Kouzu K, Tsujimoto H, et al. Long-term survival achieved by repeated administration of ramucirumab after drug holidays due to proteinuria in recurrent gastric cancer. Surg Case Rep. 2021;7(1):97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes KN, Winter EM, Cadarette SM, et al. Duration of bisphosphonate drug holidays in osteoporosis patients: a narrative review of the evidence and considerations for decision-making. J Clin Med. 2021;10(5):1140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garattini SK, Basile D, Bonotto M, et al. Drug holidays and overall survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancers. 2021;13(14):3504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak S, Greenspan SL. Bisphosphonate drug holidays. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(12):2525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M, Kinoshita M, Tanaka K. Intermittent drug holidays in fingolimod therapy for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2018;24(2):236–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim K, Donyai P. Drug holidays from ADHD medication: international experience over the past four decades. J Atten Disord. 2015;19(7):551–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau CL, Ramsey L, Mills LC, et al. Drug-free holidays: compliance, tolerability, and acceptability of a 3-day atovaquone/proguanil schedule for pretravel malaria chemoprophylaxis in Australian travelers. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(1):137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanche S, Sheehan N, Mesplede T, et al. A mathematical model to predict HIV virological failure and elucidate the role of lymph node drug penetration. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017;6(7):469–476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cadosch D, Bonhoeffer S, Kouyos R. Assessing the impact of adherence to anti-retroviral therapy on treatment failure and resistance evolution in HIV. J R Soc Interface. 2012;9(74):2309–2320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol D, Robertson-Tessi M, Jeavons P, et al. Stochasticity in the genotype-phenotype map: implications for the robustness and persistence of bet-hedging. Genetics. 2016;204(4):1523–1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler A, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Role of the immune system and the circadian rhythm in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis: establishing a personalized signature for improving the effect of immunotherapies for chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2020;49(8):1024–1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y, Spigelman Z. Establishing patient-tailored variability-based paradigms for anti-cancer therapy: using the inherent trajectories which underlie cancer for overcoming drug resistance. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2020;25:100240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gelman R, Bayatra A, Kessler A, et al. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):1397–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishay Y, Kolben Y, Kessler A, et al. Role of circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system in liver function: a hypothetical basis for improving the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;321(4):G400–G412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurvitz N, Azmanov H, Kesler A, et al. Establishing a second-generation artificial intelligence-based system for improving diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients with rare diseases. Eur J Hum Genet. 2021;29(10):1485–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azmanov H, Ross EL, Ilan Y. Establishment of an individualized chronotherapy, autonomic nervous system, and variability-based dynamic platform for overcoming the loss of response to analgesics. Pain Physician. 2021;24(3):243–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury T, Ilan Y. Platform introducing individually tailored variability in nerve stimulations and dietary regimen to prevent weight regain following weight loss in patients with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2021;15(2):114–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury T, Ilan Y. Introducing patterns of variability for overcoming compensatory adaptation of the immune system to immunomodulatory agents: a novel method for improving clinical response to anti-TNF therapies. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenig A, Ilan Y. A personalized signature and chronotherapy-based platform for improving the efficacy of sepsis treatment. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Why targeting the microbiome is not so successful: can randomness overcome the adaptation that occurs following gut manipulation? Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2019;12:209–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishay Y, Kolben Y, Kessler A, et al. Role of circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system in liver function: a hypothetical basis for improving the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;321(4):G400–G412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenig A, Kolben Y, Asleh R, et al. Improving diuretic response in heart failure by implementing a patient-tailored variability and chronotherapy-guided algorithm. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:695547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isahy Y, Ilan Y. Improving the long-term response to antidepressants by establishing an individualized platform based on variability and chronotherapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;59(12):768–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishay Y, Potruch A, Schwartz A, et al. A digital health platform for assisting the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 progression: an adjuvant approach for augmenting the antiviral response and mitigating the immune-mediated target organ damage. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;143:112228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Digital medical cannabis as market differentiator: second-generation artificial intelligence systems to improve response. Front Med. 2021;8:788777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman R, Berg M, Ilan Y. A subject-tailored variability-based platform for overcoming the plateau effect in sports training: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. The constrained disorder principle defines living organisms and provides a method for correcting disturbed biological systems. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022;20:6087–6096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Next-Generation personalized medicine: implementation of variability patterns for overcoming drug resistance in chronic diseases. J Pers Med. 2022;12(8):1303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem. 2022. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotnemer-Golinkin D, Ilan Y. Personalized-inherent variability in a time-dependent immune response: a look into the fifth dimension in biology. Pharmacology. 2022;107(7–8):417–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azmanov H, Bayatra A, Ilan Y. Digital analgesic comprising a second-generation digital health system: increasing effectiveness by optimizing the dosing and minimizing side effects. J Pain Res. 2022;15:1051–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y. Second-generation digital health platforms: placing the patient at the center and focusing on clinical outcomes. Front Digit Health. 2020;2:569178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilan Y. Improving global healthcare and reducing costs using second-generation artificial intelligence-based digital pills: a market disruptor. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar