Relationship between Non-Energy-Adjusted and Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Healthy Eating Index-2015: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018

References

• Fung TT, McCullough ML, Newby PK, et al. Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(1):1–9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorburn AN, Macia L, Mackay CR. Diet, metabolites, and “Western-lifestyle” inflammatory diseases. Immunity. 2014;40(6):833–842. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosti V, Bertozzi B, Fontana L. Health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: metabolic and molecular mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(3):318–326. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glx227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert JR, Hofseth L. Diet, inflammation, and health. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Galland L. Diet and inflammation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(6):634–640. doi: 10.1177/0884533610385703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivappa N. Diet and chronic diseases: is there a mediating effect of inflammation? Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1639. doi: 10.3390/nu11071639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, et al. Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(8):1689–1696. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert JR, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, et al. Perspective: the dietary inflammatory index (DII)-lessons learned, improvements made, and future directions. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(2):185–195. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs-Smith SM, Pannucci TRE, Subar AF, et al. Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(9):1591–1602. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute. Overview & background of the healthy eating index; 2021. https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/.
   Google Scholar
• Schwingshackl L, Bogensberger B, Hoffmann G. Diet quality as assessed by the healthy eating index, alternate healthy eating index, dietary approaches to stop hypertension score, and health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(1):74–100.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YB, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, et al. Association between dietary inflammatory index, dietary patterns, plant-based dietary index and the risk of obesity. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1536. doi: 10.3390/nu13051536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Kivimaki M, et al. Alternative healthy eating index 2010, dietary inflammatory index, and risk of mortality: results from the Whitehall II cohort study and meta-analysis of previous dietary inflammatory index and mortality studies. Br J Nutr. 2017;118(3):210–221. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Shivappa N, et al. Anti-inflammatory dietary inflammatory index scores are associated with healthier scores on other dietary indices. Nutr Res. 2016;36(3):214–219. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandari S, Mosalmanzadeh N, Moghadam MRSF, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and healthy eating index-2015 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(18):6007–6014. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naska A, Lagiou A, Lagiou P. Dietary assessment methods in epidemiological research: current state of the art and future prospects. F1000Res. 2017;6:926. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.10703.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data from: national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Foote JA, Giuliano AR, Harris RB. Older adults need guidance to meet nutrient recommendations. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(5):628–640. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koletzko B, Godfrey KM, Poston L, et al. Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood and its implications for maternal and long-term child health: the early nutrition project recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(2):93–106. doi: 10.1159/000496471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim JS, Oh K, Kim HC. Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014009. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2014009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JH. Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(6):558–569. doi: 10.4097/kja.19087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatcheva KP, Lee MJ, McCormick JB, et al. Multicollinearity in regression analyses conducted in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology. 2016;6(2):227. doi: 10.4172/2161-1165.1000227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alkerwi A, Vernier C, Sauvageot N, et al. Demographic and socioeconomic disparity in nutrition: application of a novel correlated component regression approach. BMJ Open. 2015;5(5):e006814. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Reedy J, et al. Income and race/ethnicity are associated with adherence to food-based dietary guidance among US adults and children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(5):624–635.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2011.11.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashidi AA, Bakavoli ARH, Avan A, et al. Dietary intake and its relationship to different body mass index categories: a population-based study. J Res Health Sci. 2018;18(4):e00426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steck SE, Guinter M, Zheng J, et al. Index-based dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review. Adv Nutr. 2015;6(6):763–773. doi: 10.3945/an.115.009746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giezenaar C, Chapman I, Luscombe-Marsh N, et al. Ageing is associated with decreases in appetite and energy intake – a meta-analysis in healthy adults. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):28. doi: 10.3390/nu8010028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramallal R, Toledo E, Martínez JA, et al. Inflammatory potential of diet, weight gain, and incidence of overweight/obesity: the SUN cohort. Obesity. 2017;25(6):997–1005. doi: 10.1002/oby.21833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Canela M, Zazpe I, Shivappa N, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED (PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(6):984–995. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514004401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkerwi A, Vernier C, Crichton GE, et al. Cross-comparison of diet quality indices for predicting chronic disease risk: findings from the observation of cardiovascular risk factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(2):259–269. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leblanc V, Bégin C, Corneau L, et al. Gender differences in dietary intakes: what is the contribution of motivational variables? J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28(1):37–46. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett E, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex differences in macronutrient intake and adherence to dietary recommendations: findings from the UK biobank. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):e020017. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett W. Issues in analysis and presentation of dietary data. In: Walter Willett, editor. Nutritional epidemiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013. p. 305–334.
   Google Scholar
• Thiébaut A, Kesse E, Com-Nougué C, et al. Adjustment for energy intake in the assessment of dietary risk factors. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2004;52(6):539–557. doi: 10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99093-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett WC, McCullough ML. Dietary pattern analysis for the evaluation of dietary guidelines. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(S1):75–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crowe-White KM, Ellis A, Mehta T, et al. Dietary quality assessed by the HEI-2010 and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease: an exploratory analysis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2019;38(7):640–647. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1580168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reedy J, Lerman JL, Krebs-Smith SM, et al. Evaluation of the healthy eating index-2015. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(9):1622–1633. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin D, Hur J, Cho EH, et al. Pre-pregnancy body mass index is associated with dietary inflammatory index and C-reactive protein concentrations during pregnancy. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):351. doi: 10.3390/nu9040351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth MD, Burch J, Shivappa N, et al. Dietary inflammatory index scores differ by shiftwork status: NHANES 2005-2010. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56(2):145–148. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia G, Wu C-C, Su CH. Dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome in US children and adolescents: evidence from NHANES 2001-2018. Nutr Metab. 2022;19(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12986-022-00673-5.
   Google Scholar
• Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, et al. A population-based dietary inflammatory index predicts levels of C-reactive protein in the seasonal variation of blood cholesterol study (SEASONS). Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(8):1825–1833. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Rietzschel ER, et al. Associations between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in Asklepios study. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(4):665–671. doi: 10.1017/S000711451400395X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazidi M, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular risk in US adults. Athersclerosis. 2018;276:23–27. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kase BE, Liu J, Wirth MD, et al. Associations between dietary inflammatory index and sleep problems among adults in the United States, NHANES 2005–2016. Sleep Health. 2021;7(2):273–280. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Jiang H, Wu Y, et al. The association between dietary inflammatory index and disability in older adults. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):2285–2292. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao S, Gao W, Li J, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and osteoporosis: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2017-2018. Endocrine. 2022;78(3):587–596. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03178-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Ming J, Chen T, et al. Association between dietary inflammatory index score and muscle mass and strength in older adults: a study from national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(8):4077–4089. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02941-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azarmanesh D, Bertone-Johnson ER, Pearlman J, et al. Association of the dietary inflammatory index with depressive symptoms among pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2005–2010. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1980. doi: 10.3390/nu14091980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar