References
- Aiello AE, Lowy FD, Wright LN, et al. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among US prisoners and military personnel: review and recommendations for future studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(6):1–21. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70491-1.
- Morrison SM, Blaesing CR, Millar EV, et al. Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infection prevention strategies at a military training center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(8):841–843. doi: 10.1086/671278.
- Stahlman S, Williams VF, Oh GT, et al. Skin and soft tissue infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2013-2016. Msmr. 2017;24(7):2–11.
- GtFoSa L. 2021 Military Active-Duty Personnel, Civilians by State. 2022. https://www.governing.com/now/2021-military-active-duty-personnel-civilians-by-state.
- Lim DS. Dermatology in the military: an East timor study. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44(4):304–311. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.01670.x.
- McGraw TA, Norton SA. Military aeromedical evacuations from central and southwest Asia for ill-defined dermatologic diseases. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(2):165–170. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2008.554.
- Henning JS, Wohltmann W, Hivnor C. Teledermatology from a combat zone. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(6):676–677. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.110.
- Arnold JG, Michener MD. Evaluation of dermatologic conditions by primary care providers in deployed military settings. Mil Med. 2008;173(9):882–888. doi: 10.7205/milmed.173.9.882.
- Gelman AB, Norton SA, Valdes-Rodriguez R, et al. A review of skin conditions in modern warfare and peacekeeping operations. Mil Med. 2015;180(1):32–37. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00240.
- Gregory JF, Taylor EA, Liu YE, et al. The burden of skin disease on deployed servicemembers. Mil Med. 2019;184(11-12):889–893. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usz110.
- Selvaag E. Skin disease in military personnel. Military Med. 2000;165(3):193–194. doi: 10.1093/milmed/165.3.193.
- Gan WH, Low R, Koh D. Dermatological conditions in military conscripts. Occup Med. 2013;63(6):435–438. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqt077.
- Schissel DJ, Wilde JL. Operational dermatology. Mil Med. 2004;169(6):444–447. doi: 10.7205/milmed.169.6.444.
- Pillsbury DM, Livingood CS. Experiences in military dermatology: their interpretation in plans for improved general medical care. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1947;55(4):441–462. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1947.01520040010002.
- Mac KR. On military dermatology. Br Med Bull. 1945;3(7–8):158–161.
- Pendlebury GA, Oro P, Ludlow K, et al. Relevant dermatoses among U.S. military service members: an operational review of management strategies and telemedicine utilization. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33274. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33274.
- Wang X, Yang H, Wang Y, et al. Analysis of cases managed by dermatological service in the Chinese peacekeeping level 1+ medical treatment facility in Lebanon, 2018–2019. BMJ Mil Health. 2021;167(6):429–432. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2019-001315.
- Anwar MI, Malik NA, Raja A, et al. Skin diseases among peacekeepers at United Nations and African Mission in Darfur. J Pakistan Assoc Dermatologists. 2016;26(1):53–57.
- Pehr K, Kornfeld BW. Dermatology in a war zone: a Persian Gulf experience. Int J Dermatol. 1992;31(7):494–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1992.tb02698.x.
- Driver JM, Simpson R, Wall C, et al. Dermatology on operation HERRICK. J R Army Med Corps. 2012;158(3):232–237; discussion 237. doi: 10.1136/jramc-158-03-18.
- Allen AM. Internal Medicine in Vietnam, 1965-72. [department of defense, department of the army]. Army Medical Department, Center of Military History. Washington, D.C; 1977.
- Sasmaz S, Celik M. Skin diseases in Turkish soldiers. Dermatologica Sinica. 2011;29(2):44–46. doi: 10.1016/j.dsi.2011.05.001.
- Bae JM, Ha B, Lee H, et al. Prevalence of common skin diseases and their associated factors among military personnel in Korea: a cross-sectional study. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27(10):1248–1254. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.10.1248.
- Fisher A, Webber BJ, Pawlak MT, et al. Epidemiology, microbiology, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of skin and soft tissue infections, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, 2012–2014. MSMR. 2015;22(7):2–6.
- Millar EV, Rice GK, Elassal EM, et al. Genomic characterization of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to evaluate intraclass transmission and recurrence of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) among High-Risk military trainees. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(3):461–468. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix327.
- Stahlman S, Williams VF, Oh GT, et al. Skin and soft tissue infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, January 2016-September 2020. MSMR. 2021;28(4):27–38.
- May L, Porter C, Tribble D, et al. Self-reported incidence of skin and soft tissue infections among deployed US military. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2011;9(4):213–220. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.06.001.
- Henning JS, Firoz BF. Combat dermatology: the prevalence of skin disease in a deployed dermatology clinic in Iraq. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(3):210–214.
- Lamb L, Morgan M. Skin and soft tissue infections in the military. J R Army Med Corps. 2013;159(3):215–223. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000134.
- Djeridane A, Djeridane Y, Ammar-Khodja A. A clinicomycological study of fungal foot infections among algerian military personnel. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2007;32(1):60–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02265.x.
- Williams VF, Stahlman S, McNellis MG. Brief report: Tinea pedis, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2000–2016. MSMR. 2017;24(5):19–21.
- Lipner SR, Scher RK. Onychomycosis: clinical overview and diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):835–851. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.062.
- Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ. Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10(10):CD003584.
- Cohen AD, Wolak A, Alkan M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for tinea pedis in Israeli soldiers. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44(12):1002–1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02281.x.
- Kintsurashvili N, Kvlividze O, Galdava G. Prevalence and risk factors of tinea pedis in Georgian defense forces. BMJ Mil Health. 2021;167(6):433–436. doi: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001397.
- Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Kawada A, et al. Tinea pedis in members of the Japanese self-defence forces: relationships of its prevalence and its severity with length of military service and width of interdigital spaces. Mycoses. 1995;38(11–12):495–499. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00027.x.
- Lipner SR, Scher RK. Onychomycosis: treatment and prevention of recurrence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):853–867. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.1260.
- Kang R, Lipner S. Consumer preferences of antifungal products for treatment and prevention of tinea pedis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019;30(8):745–749. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1572862.
- Lipner SR, Scher RK. Management of onychomycosis and co-existing tinea pedis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(5):492–494.
- Oumeish OY, Parish LC. Marching in the army: common cutaneous disorders of the feet. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20(4):445–451. doi: 10.1016/s0738-081x(02)00247-x.
- Riley P, Ben-Nun M, Turtle J, et al. COVID-19: on the disparity in outcomes between military and civilian populations. Mil Med. 2023;188(1–2):311–315. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab404.
- Di Nunno D, Laghi A, Troiani G, et al. Cutaneous manifestations in an Italian military COVID hub. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2020;155(5):632–635. doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.20.06735-8.
- Genovese G, Moltrasio C, Berti E, et al. Skin manifestations associated with COVID-19: current knowledge and future perspectives. Dermatology. 2021;237(1):1–12. doi: 10.1159/000512932.
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division. Morbidity burdens attributable to various illnesses and injuries, deployed active and reserve component service members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2021. MSMR. 2022;29(6):34–39.
- Mohamed K, Rzymski P, Islam MS, et al. COVID-19 vaccinations: the unknowns, challenges, and hopes. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1336–1349. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27487.
- Eick-Cost AA, Ying S, Wells N. Effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and JNJ-78436735 COVID-19 vaccines among US military personnel before and during the predominance of the Delta variant. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(4):e228071. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8071.
- Theis SR, Li PC, Kelly D, et al. Perceptions and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination in a military base population. Mil Med. 2022;187(11–12):e1255–e1260.
- Banks SD, Murray N, Wilder-Smith A, et al. Insecticide-treated clothes for the control of vector-borne diseases: a review on effectiveness and safety. Med Vet Entomol. 2014;28(Suppl 1):14–25. doi: 10.1111/mve.12068.
- Kitchen LW, Lawrence KL, Coleman RE. The role of the United States military in the development of vector control products, including insect repellents, insecticides, and bed nets. J Vector Ecol. 2009;34(1):50–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00007.x.
- Weina PJ, Neafie RC, Wortmann G, et al. Old world leishmaniasis: an emerging infection among deployed US military and civilian workers. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(11):1674–1680. doi: 10.1086/425747.
- Pehoushek JF, Quinn DM, Crum WP. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in soldiers returning from deployment to Iraq. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(5 Suppl):S197–S200. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.06.018.
- World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis. 2022 [cited 2022 Jan 8]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis#:∼:text=It%20remains%20one%20of%20the,South%20Sudan%2C%20Sudan%20and%20Yemen.
- Henry K, Mayet A, Hernandez M, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(11):e0009938. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009938.
- Oré M, Sáenz E, Cabrera R, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peruvian military personnel undertaking training activities in the amazon basin, 2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93(2):340–346. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0107.
- Bailey MS, Caddy AJ, McKinnon KA, et al. Outbreak of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis with local dissemination in Balkh, Afghanistan. J R Army Med Corps. 2012;158(3):225–228. doi: 10.1136/jramc-158-03-16.
- Bailey MS. Tropical skin diseases in British military personnel. J R Army Med Corps. 2013;159(3):224–228. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000124.
- Update: cutaneous leishmaniasis in U.S. military personnel–Southwest/Central Asia, 2002-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(12):264–265.
- Coleman RE, Burkett DA, Putnam JL, et al. Impact of phlebotomine sand flies on U.S. Military operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 1. background, military situation, and development of a “Leishmaniasis Control Program”. J Med Entomol. 2006;43(4):647–662. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/43.4.647.
- González AM, Solís-Soto MT, Radon K. Leishmaniasis: who uses personal protection among military personnel in Colombia? Ann Glob Health. 2017;83(3–4):519–523. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.10.015.
- CDC. Parasites – Leishmaniasis, Resources for Health Professionals. 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmaniasis/health_professionals/index.html#:∼:text=Conventional%20amphotericin%20B%20deoxycholate%20traditionally,tolerated%20than%20conventional%20amphotericin%20B.
- Wortmann G, Miller RS, Oster C, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of a 10- or 20-day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in United States military personnel. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(3):261–267. doi: 10.1086/341406.
- Brossier C, Morand JJ, Breton A, et al. Scabies among the French armed forces in 2015. J Infect. 2016;73(3):297–300. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.06.009.
- Croft A, Smith H, Creamer I. A pseudo-outbreak of skin disease in British troops. J R Soc Med. 1996;89(10):552–556. doi: 10.1177/014107689608901004.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention & Control. Parasites-Scabies. 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/prevent.html#:∼:text=Scabies%20is%20prevented%20by%20avoiding,skin%2Dto%2Dskin%20contact.
- Pasay C, Arlian L, Morgan M, et al. High-resolution melt analysis for the detection of a mutation associated with permethrin resistance in a population of scabies mites. Med Vet Entomol. 2008;22(1):82–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00716.x.
- Lee SK, Kim JH, Kim MS, et al. Risk factors for scabies treatment resistance: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(1):126–132. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17713.
- Melrose WD, Leggat PA. Acute lymphatic filariasis infection in United States armed forces personnel deployed to the pacific area of operations during world war II provides important lessons for today. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020;5(2):63.
- Beaver PC. Filariasis without microfilaremia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1970;19(2):181–189. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.181.
- Kushwaha AS, Verma KC, Cariappa MP. Filaria surveys in the armed forces: need for a revisit. Med J Armed Forces India. 2017;73(4):332–337. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.09.012.
- Weitzel T, Rosas R, Fica A, et al. Is there a risk of filarial infection during long-term missions in Haiti? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016;14(2):137–142. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.12.001.
- Aoun O, François M, Demoncheaux JP, et al. Morning blisters: cantharidin-related meloidae burns. J Travel Med. 2018;25(1):tay045.
- Parkhouse D. Cutaneous myiasis due to the tumbu fly during operation keeling. J R Army Med Corps. 2004;150(1):24–26. doi: 10.1136/jramc-150-01-05.
- Suwannahitatorn P, Jatapai A, Rangsin R. An outbreak of paederus dermatitis in Thai military personnel. J Med Assoc Thai. 2014;97(2):S96–S100.
- Deng Y, Liu F, Chen X, et al. The first imported cutaneous myiasis due to cordylobia anthropophaga in China. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(1):120–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04823.x.
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division. Update: sexually transmitted infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2013-2021. MSMR. 2022;29(5):2–11.
- CDC. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2020. National Overview of STDs, 2020. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 4]. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2020/overview.htm#. Chlamydia.
- CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 4]. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/STDSurveillance2018-full-report.pdf.
- Introcaso CE, Dunne EF, Hariri S, et al. Prevaccine era human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18 seropositivity in the U.S.A., National Health and Nutrition examination surveys, 2003–2006. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(6):505–508. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051490.
- Masel J, Deiss RG, Wang X, et al. Seroprevalence and seroincidence of herpes simplex virus (2006–2010), syphilis (2006–2010), and vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus subtypes (2000–2010) among US military personnel. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42(5):253–258. Maydoi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000277.
- Agan BK, Macalino GE, Nsouli-Maktabi H, et al. Human papillomavirus seroprevalence among men entering military service and seroincidence after ten years of service. Msmr. 2013;20(2):21–24.
- Bradley H, Markowitz LE, Gibson T, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2–United States, 1999–2010. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(3):325–333. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit458.
- Page WF, Chubb M, Feng X, et al. National estimates of seroincidence and seroprevalence for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among US military adults aged 18–29 years. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39(4):241–250. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182401a17.
- Clark LL, Stahlman S, Taubman SB. Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation, coverage, and completion rates among U.S. active component service members, 2007–2017. MSMR. 2018;25(9):9–14.
- Penick E, Grabert BK, Stockton E, et al. Feasibility and sustainability of a nurse-led intervention to integrate HPV vaccination into medical processing for active-duty soldiers. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(7):2153536. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153536.
- CDC. Genital herpes treatment and care. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 4]. https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/treatment.htm#:∼:text=Though%20several%20clinical%20trials%20have,not%20infected%20with%20HSV%2D1.
- WHO. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 2022 [cited 2023]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis).
- CDC. Genital herpes – CDC basic fact sheet. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 4]. https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm#:∼:text=How%20can%20I%20prevent%20genital,who%20does%20not%20have%20herpes.
- Center NaMCPH. Targeted condom access for disease and pregnancy prevention. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 6]. https://www.med.navy.mil/Portals/62/Documents/NMFA/NMCPHC/root/Health%20Promotion%20and%20Wellness/Condoms/targeted-condom-access-for-disease-and-pregnancy-prevention.pdf?ver=ed4GKulomCezmUkqeAazyg%3d%3d.
- WHO. Monkeypox. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 4]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox.
- CDC. Safer sex, social gatherings, and Mpox. 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/prevention/sexual-health.html.
- Pendlebury GA, Roman J, Shrivastava V, et al. A call to action: evidence for the military integration of teledermoscopy in a pandemic era. Dermatopathology. 2022;9(4):327–342. doi: 10.3390/dermatopathology9040039.
- Pembi E, Awang S, Salaudeen SO, et al. First confirmed case of monkeypox in Adamawa state, Nigeria: a clinico-epidemiological case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;42:38. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.38.34715.
- Woolley SD, Dermont M, Adam M, et al. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak: a UK military perspective. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2023;52:102540. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102540.
- Disease NIoAaI. Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) treatment: diseases & conditions. 2022. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/mpox-treatment#:∼:text=Currently%2C%20there%20is%20no%20specific,may%20help%20patients%20with%20mpox.
- CDC. Mpox. Poxvirus. 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/vaccines/index.html.
- Vallée A, Farfour E, Zucman D. Monkeypox virus: a novel sexually transmitted disease? A case report from France. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;49:102394. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102394.
- Gall R, Bongiorno M, Handfield K. Skin cancer in the US military. Cutis. 2021;107(1):29–33. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0153.
- Durmishi A, Fida M, Hoxha S, et al. Are military personnel at a more risk for skin cancers? Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14340.
- Yong J, Raiciulescu S, Coffman M, et al. Skin malignancy in the military: a number needed to biopsy analysis. Mil Med. 2022;187(5-6):e624–e629. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab039.
- Parker G, Williams B, Driggers P. Sun exposure knowledge and practices survey of maintenance squadrons at Travis AFB. Mil Med. 2015;180(1):26–31. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00091.
- American Cancer Society. Key statistics for melanoma skin cancer. Facts & figures. 2022. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html.
- Henning JS, Firoz BF. Contribution of dermatologic surgery in war. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(1):1–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01377.x.
- Zhou J, Enewold L, Zahm SH, et al. Melanoma incidence rates among whites in the U.S. Military. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(2):318–323. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0869.
- Brundage JF, Williams VF, Stahlman S, et al. Incidence rates of malignant melanoma in relation to years of military service, overall and in selected military occupational groups, active component. U.S. Armed Forces, 2001-2015. MSMR. 2017;24(2):8–14.
- Riemenschneider K, Liu J, Powers JG. Skin cancer in the military: a systematic review of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence, prevention, and screening among active duty and veteran personnel. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(6):1185–1192. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.11.062.
- Lea CS, Efird JT, Toland AE, et al. Melanoma incidence rates in active duty military personnel compared with a population-based registry in the United States, 2000–2007. Mil Med. 2014;179(3):247–253. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00356.
- Lee T, Williams VF, Clark LL. Incident diagnoses of cancers in the active component and cancer-related deaths in the active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2005–2014. MSMR. 2016;23(7):23–31.
- Wilkison BD, Wong EB. Skin cancer in military pilots: a special population with special risk factors. Cutis. 2017;100(4):218–220.
- Miura K, Olsen CM, Rea S, et al. Do airline pilots and cabin crew have raised risks of melanoma and other skin cancers? Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181(1):55–64. doi: 10.1111/bjd.17586.
- Yong SS, Han WH, Faheem NAA, et al. Predictive factors of sun protection behaviour among global airline pilots. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022;38(6):541–547. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12787.
- Gatt P, Pace J. Environmental skin diseases in military personnel. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20(4):420–424. doi: 10.1016/s0738-081x(02)00243-2.
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Sunburn among active component service members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2002-2013. MSMR. 2014;21(7):2–6.
- Powers JG, Patel NA, Powers EM, et al. Skin cancer risk factors and preventative behaviors among United States military veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(11):2871–2873. doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.238.
- Army Dot. Prevention of heat and cold casualties. *TRADOC Regulation 350-29. 2016. https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/regulations/TR350-29.pdf
- Brief report: sunburn diagnoses while deployed in Southwest/Central Asia, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008-2013. MSMR. 2014;21(7):7–9.
- Duquia RP, de Almeida HL, Breunig JA, et al. Most common patterns of acne in male adolescents: a population-based study. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(5):550–553. Maydoi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05333.x.
- Park AM, Brahe C. Oral isotretinoin for acne in the US military: how accelerated courses and teledermatology can minimize the duty-limiting impacts of treatment. Cutis. 2022;109(2):75–78. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0452.
- US Department of Defense. 2018 Demographics report: profile of the military community. 2018. https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2018-demographics-report.pdf.
- Brahe C, Peters K, Meunier N. Acne keloidalis nuchae in the armed forces. Cutis. 2020;105(5):223–226.
- Perry A, Trafeli J, Schulze R. Iraqne, acne in the modern soldier. Mil Med. 2008;173(8):ix–xi.
- Brahe C, Peters K. Fighting acne for the fighting forces. Cutis. 2020;106(1):18–20;22. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0057.
- Force USA. Official air force aerospace medicine approved medications. 2017. https://www.315aw.afrc.af.mil/Portals/13/Users/096/96/96/Aircrew%20Medication%20List%20June%202017.pdf?ver=2017-07-13-121648-710.
- Dermatology AAo. ACNE: tips for managing. 2022. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/tips.
- Army UDot. Wear and appearance of army uniforms and insignia. 2021 [cited 2022 Sept 23]. https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN30302-AR_670-1-000-WEB-1.pdf.
- Maranda EL, Simmons BJ, Nguyen AH, et al. Treatment of acne keloidalis nuchae: a systematic review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2016;6(3):363–378. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0134-5.
- Ogunbiyi A. Acne keloidalis nuchae: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:483–489. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S99225.
- Weiss AN, Arballo OM, Miletta NR, et al. Military grooming standards and their impact on skin diseases of the head and neck. Cutis. 2018;102(5):328.
- Association AAoD. Hairstyles that pull can lead to hair loss. 2023. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/causes/hairstyles.
- Zhou Z, Liu T, Zhang Z. Skin disease in united nations peacekeepers in Lebanon. J R Army Med Corps. 2017;163(1):27–30. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000601.
- May Franklin JM, Wohltmann WE, Wong EB. From buns to braids and ponytails: entering a new era of female military hair-grooming standards. Cutis. 2021;108(1):31–35. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0296.
- Tshudy MT, Cho S. Pseudofolliculitis barbae in the U.S. Military, a review. Mil Med. 2021;186(1-2):e52–e57. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa243.
- Garcia-Zuazaga J. Pseudofolliculitis barbae: review and update on new treatment modalities. Mil Med. 2003;168(7):561–564. doi: 10.1093/milmed/168.7.561.
- Perry PK, Cook-Bolden FE, Rahman Z, et al. Defining pseudofolliculitis barbae in 2001: a review of the literature and current trends. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(2 Suppl):S113–S9. Febdoi: 10.1067/mjd.2002.120789.
- Coquilla BH, Lewis CW. Management of pseudofolliculitis barbae. Mil Med. 1995;160(5):263–269. doi: 10.1093/milmed/160.5.263.
- DOD. Medical standards for appointment, enlistment, or induction. (DoD Instructions 6130.03, Volume 1). 2018. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/613003_v1p.PDF?ver=9NsVi30gsHBBsRhMLcyVVQ%3D%3D.
- Riegleman KL, Farnsworth GS, Wong EB. Atopic dermatitis in the US military. Cutis. 2019;104(3):144–147.
- Burke KR, Larrymore DC, Cho S. Treatment consideration for US military members with skin disease. Cutis. 2019;103(6):329–332.
- Jeter J, Bowen C. Atopic dermatitis and implications for military service. Mil Med. 2019;184(5-6):e177–e82. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy427.
- Hathaway NE, Lyford WH. Apremilast uses and relevance to the military. Cutis. 2021;107(4):216–220. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0231.
- Goon AT, Goh CL. Occupational skin diseases in national servicemen and military personnel in Singapore, 1989–1999. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(2):89–90. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440206.x.
- Dever TT, Walters M, Jacob S. Contact dermatitis in military personnel. Dermatitis. 2011;22(6):313–319.
- Beltrani VS, Beltrani VP. Contact dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997;78(2):160–175. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63383-2.
- Zeller S, Warshaw E. Allergic contact dermatitis. Minn Med. 2004;87(3):38–42.
- Slodownik D, Reiss A, Mashiach Y, et al. Textile and shoe allergic contact dermatitis in military personnel. Dermatitis. 2018;29(4):196–199. Jul/Augdoi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000390.
- Brar KK. A review of contact dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;126(1):32–39. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.003.
- Li Y, Li L. Contact dermatitis: classifications and management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;61(3):245–281. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08875-0.
- Elmas ÖF, Akdeniz N, Atasoy M, et al. Contact dermatitis: a great imitator. Clin Dermatol. 2020;38(2):176–192. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.003.
- Hollins LC, Flamm A. Occupational contact dermatitis: evaluation and management considerations. Dermatol Clin. 2020;38(3):329–338. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2020.02.001.
- Geizhals S, Lipner SR. Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Online J. 2019;25(9):13030/qt9985w2n0.
- Mayeaux EJ, Carter C, Murphy TE. Ingrown toenail management. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(3):158–164.
- Şenel E, Doğruer Şenel S, Salmanoğlu M. Prevalence of skin diseases in civilian and military population in a Turkish military hospital in the central black sea region. J R Army Med Corps. 2015;161(2):112–115. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2014-000267.
- Stewart CR, Algu L, Kamran R, et al. Patient satisfaction with treatment for onychocryptosis: a systematic review. Skin Appendage Disord. 2020;6(5):272–279. Sepdoi: 10.1159/000508927.
- Schissel DJ, Barney DL, Keller R. Cold weather injuries in an arctic environment. Mil Med. 1998;163(8):568–571. doi: 10.1093/milmed/163.8.568.
- Mendes B, Salomé GM, Pinheiro FAM, et al. Preventing and treating trench foot: validation of an educational manual for military personnel. J Wound Care. 2018;27(Suppl 10):S33–S38. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.Sup10.S33.
- Connor RR. Update: cold weather injuries, active and reserve components. U.S. Armed Forces, July 2009-June 2014. MSMR. 2014;21(10):14–19.
- Kowtoniuk RA, Liu YE, Jeter JP. Cutaneous cold weather injuries in the US military. Cutis. 2021;108(4):181–184. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0363.
- Hefazi M, Maleki M, Mahmoudi M, et al. Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning in the skin and the immune system of Iranian veterans 16-20 years after exposure. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(9):1025–1031. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03020.x.
- Patterson AT, Kaffenberger BH, Keller RA, et al. Skin diseases associated with agent orange and other organochlorine exposures. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(1):143–170. Jandoi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.006.
- Contestable JJ. Jet Fuel-Associated occupational contact dermatitis. Mil Med. 2017;182(3):e1870–e3. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00217.
- Daniele DO, Taubman SB. Update: plant dermatitis among active component service members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2010-2020. MSMR. 2021;28(11):11–14.
- Geretto M, Ferrari M, De Angelis R, et al. Occupational exposures and environmental health hazards of military personnel. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(10):5395.
- Shin H, Kim DH, Ryu HH, et al. Teledermatology consultation using a smartphone multimedia messaging service for common skin diseases in the Korean army: a clinical evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy. J Telemed Telecare. 2014;20(2):70–74. Mardoi: 10.1177/1357633X14524151.
- Klaz I, Wohl Y, Nathansohn N, et al. Teledermatology: quality assessment by user satisfaction and clinical efficiency. Isr Med Assoc J. 2005;7(8):487–490.
- Hwang JS, Lappan CM, Sperling LC, et al. Utilization of telemedicine in the U.S. military in a deployed setting. Mil Med. 2014;179(11):1347–1353. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00115.
- Petrova E, Farinholt T, Joshi TP, et al. A community-based management of COVID-19 in a mobile container unit. Vaccines. 2021;9(11):1362. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111362.