93
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Angiotensin receptor antagonists in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes

&
Pages 507-513 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Ritz E, Rychlik I, Locate11i F, Halimi S. End-stage renal failure in type 2 diabetes: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34: 795–808.
  • Schwenger V, Mussig C, Hergesell O, Zeier M, Ritz E. Incidence and clinical characteristics of renal insufficiency in diabetic patients. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126: 1322–6.
  • Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1127–33.
  • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Amer P. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.
  • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 851–60.
  • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, et at. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861–9.
  • Mogensen CE. Long-term antihypertensive treatment inhibiting progression of diabetic nephropathy. BMJ 1982; 285: 685–8.
  • Parving HH, Andersen AR, Smidt UM, Svendsen PA. Early aggressive antihypertensive treatment reduces rate of decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1983; 1: 1175–9.
  • Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, Greene T, Hebert LA, Hunsicker LG, et at. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 754–62.
  • Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: S1–246.
  • American Diabetes Association. Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: S85–9.
  • WHO-ISH Guidelines Subcommitee. WHO-ISH guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151–83.
  • Schwenger V, Ritz E. Audit of antihypertensive treatment in patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 3091–5.
  • Remuzzi G, Bertani T. Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1448–56.
  • Gansevoort RT, Navis GJ, Wapstra FH, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D. Proteinuria and progression of renal disease: therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997; 6: 133–40.
  • Brunskill NJ. Albumin and proximal tubular cells - beyond endocytosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 1732–4.
  • Jalanko H, Patrakka J, Tryggvason K, Holmberg C. Genetic kidney diseases disclose the pathogenesis of proteinuria. Ann Med 2001; 33: 526–33.
  • Langham R, Kelly DJ, Cox AJ, Holthöfer H, Zaoui P, Pinel N, et al. Proteinuria and the expression of the podocyte slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, in human diabetic nephropathy: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. 15th meeting of the European Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group; 2002; Barcelona.
  • Nitschke R, Henger A, Ricken S, Gloy J, Muller V, Greger R, et al. Angiotensin II increases the intracellular calcium activity in podocytes of the intact glomerulus. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 41–9.
  • Christlieb AR, Kaldany AD, D'Elia JA. Plasma renin activity and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1976; 25: 969–74.
  • Gilbert RE, Wu LL, Kelly DJ, Cox A, Wilkinson-Berka Johnston CI, et al. Pathological expression of renin and angiotensin II in the renal tubule after subtotal nephrectomy. Implications for the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Am J Pathol 1999; 155: 429–40.
  • Andersen S. Role of local and systemic angiotensin in diabetic renal disease. Kidney Int 1997; 63: S107–10.
  • Wagner J, Gehlen F, Ciechanowcz A, Ritz E. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 gene expression in human glomerulonephritis and diabetes mellitus. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 545–51.
  • Price DA, Porter LE, Gordon M, Fisher ND, De'Oliveira JM, Laffel LM, et al. The paradox of the low-renin state in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 2382–91.
  • Miller JA. Impact of hyperglycemia on the renin angiotensin system in early human type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 1778–85.
  • Nabokov A, Amaim K, Gassmann P, Schwarz U, Orth SR, Ritz E. The renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in experimental chronic renal failure is not dependent on enhanced kinin activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1736.
  • Stoll M, Unger T. Angiotensin and ist AT2 receptor: new insights into an old system. Regul Pept 2001; 99: 175–82.
  • Ma J, Nshimura H, Fogo A, Kon V, Inagami T, Ichikawa I. Accelerated fibrosis and collagen deposition develop in the renal interstitium of angiotensin type 2 receptor null mutant mice during ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 1998; 53: 937–44.
  • Wolf G, Ziyadeh FN, Thaiss F, Tomaszewski J, Caron RJ, Wnezel U, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates expression of the chemokine RANTES in rat glomerular endothelial cells. Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 1047–58.
  • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253–9.
  • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 1004–10.
  • Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR, Biggerstaff SL, Gifford N, Schrier RW. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645–52.
  • Sica DA, Douglas JG. The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK): new findings. J Clin Hypertens 2001; 3: 244–51.
  • Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH, Thijs L, Antilcainen R, Bulpitt CJ, et al. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 677–84.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.