Socialism, national identities and post‐nationalist citizenship

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• Earlier versions of this paper were delivered at the Third Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas, Aalborg University, Denmark, 1992, and at the ECPR Joint Sessions, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 1993. The author would like to thank the session organisers, David Lovell and Anne Phillips, and the other participants for very useful criticism. He would also like to acknowledge the criticisms of his colleagues in the Department of Politics at Queen's University, as well as those of Michael Marsh and the two anonymous referees.
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