39
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The occurrence of two adult instars among Grassatores (Arachnida: Opiliones)—A new type of life-cycle in arachnids

, &
Pages 29-39 | Received 09 Dec 2002, Accepted 08 Oct 2003, Published online: 01 Dec 2010

References

  • Avram , S. 1973 . Livre de cinquantenaire de l'Institut de Spéologie “Émile Racovitza” Edited by: Orghidan , T. 269 – 303 . Bucuresti : Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania . Contribution á la connaisance du développement embryonaire et postembryonnaire chez Nemastoma cf. sillii Herrman (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). In
  • Briggs , T. S. 1969 . A new holarctic family of laniatorid phalangids. . Pan-Pacific Ent. , 45 : 35 – 50 .
  • Briggs , T. S. 1971 . The harvestmen of family Triaenonychidae in North America (Opiliones). . Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. , 90 : 1 – 43 .
  • Canals , J. 1936 . Observaciones biológicas em arácnidos del orden Opiliones. . Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., Santiago , 40 : 61 – 63 .
  • Canard , A. and Stockmann , R. 1993 . Comparative postembryonic development of arachnids. . Mem. Queensland Mus. , 33 : 461 – 468 .
  • Edgar , A. L. 1971 . Studies on the biology and ecology of Michigan Phalangida (Opiliones). . Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan , 144 : 1 – 64 .
  • Edmunds , G. F. and McCafferty , W. P. 1980 . The mayfly subimago. . Annu. Rev. Ent. , 33 : 509 – 529 .
  • Giribet , G. , Edgecombe , G. D. , Wheeler , W. C. and Babbitt , C. 2002 . Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones: A combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data. . Cladistics , 18 : 5 – 70 .
  • Gnaspini , P. 1993 . Biologia de opiliões cavernicolas da Província Espeleológica do Vale do Ribeira, SP/PR (Arachnida: Opiliones) Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, PhD Thesis
  • Gnaspini , P. 1995 . Reproduction and postembryonic development of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). . Invert. Reprod. Develop. , 28 : 137 – 151 .
  • Gnaspini , P. 1996 . Population ecology of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from south-eastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). . J. Zool. , 239 : 417 – 435 .
  • Gnaspini , P. 1999 . The use of morphometric characteristics for the recognition of species among Goniosomatine harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). . J. Arachnol. , 27 : 129 – 134 .
  • Gnaspini , P. and Cavalheiro , A. J. 1998 . Chemical and behavioral defenses of a Neotropical cavernicolous harvestman: Goniosoma spelaeum (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae). . J. Arachnol. , 26 : 81 – 90 .
  • Goodnight , M. R. and Goodnight , C. J. 1976 . Observations on the systematics, development and habits of Erginulus clavotibialis (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). . Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc , 95 : 654 – 664 .
  • Hara , M. H. , Gnaspini , P. and Machado , G. 2003 . Male egg guarding behavior in the neotropical harvestman Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitão 1922) (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). . J. Arachnol. , 31 : 441 – 444 .
  • Hoenen , S. and Gnaspini , P. 1999 . Activity rhythms and behavioral characterization of epigean and cavernicolous harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). . J. Arachnol. , 27 : 159 – 164 .
  • Juberthie , C. 1964 . Recherches sur la biologie des Opilions. . Ann. Spéléol. , 19 : 5 – 238 .
  • Juberthie , C. 1965 . Données sur l'écologie, le développement et la reproduction des Opilions. . Rev. Écol. Biol. Sol , 2 : 377 – 396 .
  • Juberthie , C. 1972 . Reproduction et développement d'un opilion Cosmetidae, Cynorta cubana (Banks), de Cuba. . Ann. Spéléol. , 27 : 773 – 785 .
  • Kury , A. B. 2003 . 1 : 5 – 337 . Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Rev. Ibér. Aracnol., vol. especial
  • Machado , G. and Oliveira , P. S. 1998 . Reproductive biology of the neotropical harvestman (Goniosoma longipes) (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae): mating, oviposition behaviour, brood mortality, and parental care. . J. Zool. , 246 : 359 – 367 .
  • Machado , G. and Raimundo , R. L.G. 2001 . 13 : 133 – 150 . Parental investment and the evolution of subsocial behaviour in harvestmen (Arachnida Opiliones). Ethol. Ecol. Evol
  • Machado , G. , Raimundo , R. L.G. and Oliveira , P. S. 2000 . 34 : 587 – 596 . Daily activity schedule, gregariousness, and defensive behaviour in the Neotropical harvestman Goniosoma longipes (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). J. Nat. Hist
  • Martens , J. 1976 . Genitalmorphologie, System und Phylogenie der Weberknechte (Arachnida, Opiliones). . Entomol. Ger. , 3 : 51 – 68 .
  • Martens , J. 1993 . Further cases of paternal care in Opiliones (Arachnida). . Trop. Zool. , 6 : 97 – 107 .
  • Martens , J. , Hoheisel , U. and Götze , M. 1981 . Vergleichende Anatomie der Legeröhren der Opiliones als Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Ordnung (Arachnida). . Zool. Jb. Anat. , 105 : 13 – 76 .
  • Martens , J. and Schwendinger , P. J. 1998 . A taxonomic revision of the family Oncopodidae. I. New genera and new species of Gnomulus Thorell (Opiliones, Laniatores). . Rev. Suisse Zool. , 105 : 499 – 555 .
  • Mora , G. 1990 . Paternal care in a neotropical harvestman, Zygopachylus albomarginis (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). . Anim. Behav. , 39 : 582 – 593 .
  • Muñoz-Cuevas , A. 1971a . Etude du tarse, de l'apotele et de la formation des griffes au cours du développement postembryonnaire chez Pachylus quinamavidensis (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). . Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat , 42 : 1027 – 1036 .
  • Muñoz-Cuevas , A. 1971b . Contribution à l'étude du développement postembryonnaire chez Pachylus quinamavidensis (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). . Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. , 12 : 629 – 641 .
  • Muñoz-Cuevas , A. 1971c . Étude du développement embryonnaire chez Pachylus quinamavidensis (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). . Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. , 42 : 1238 – 1250 .
  • Muñoz-Cuevas , A. and Vachon , M. 1979 . Données sur le développement postembryonnaire du tarse chez les Triaenonychidae et considérations sur la phylogénie de cette famille dans l'Amérique australe (Opilions, Arachnida). . Rev. Arachnol. , 2 : 253 – 257 .
  • Rodriguez , T. C.A. and Guerrero , B. S. 1976 . La historia natural y el comportamiento de Zygopachylus albomarginis (Chamberlain) (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). . Biotropica , 8 : 242 – 247 .
  • Shultz , J. W. 1998 . Phylogeny of Opiliones (Arachnida): an assessment of the “Cyphopalpatores” concept. . J. Arachnol. , 26 : 257 – 272 .
  • van der Hammen , L. 1978 . The evolution of the chelicerate life-cycle. . Acta Biotheor. , 27 : 44 – 60 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.