Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogonida): a summary

References

• Amaud , F. and Bamber , R. N. 1987 . “ The Biology of the Pycnogonida ” . In Advances in Marine Biology Edited by: Blaxter , J. H.S. and Southward , A. J. Vol. 24 , 1 – 96 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bain , B. A. 1982 . A genital duct in a pycnogonid Abstract, Western Society of Naturalists 63rd Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California
   Google Scholar
• Bain , B. A. 1992 . Pycnogonid higher classification and a revision of the genus Austropallene (Family Callipallenidae) Ph.D. Dissertation, City University of New York
   Google Scholar
• Bain , B. A. 2003a . Larval types and a summary of postembryonic development in pycnogonids . Invert. Reprod. Develop. , 43 : 193 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain , B. A. 2003b . Postembryonic development in Austropallene cornigera, an Antarctic pycnogonid (Family Callipallenidae) . Invert. Reprod. Develop. , 43 : 181 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain , B. A. and Govedich , F. R. 2004 . Mating behaviour, female aggression, and infanticide in Propallene saengeri (Pycnogonida: Callipallenidae). . Victorian Naturalist , 121 ( 4 ) : 168 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Child , C. A. 1974 . Hedgpethius tridentatus, a new genus and new species, and other Pycnogonida from Key West, Florida, USA . Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. , 87 ( 43 ) : 493 – 500 .
   Google Scholar
• Child , C. A. 1978 . Gynandromorphs of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus portus . Zool. J. Linn. Soc , 63 : 133 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Child , C. A. 1979 . Shallow-water pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of Middle America. . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology , 293 : 1 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Child , C. A. and Nakamura , K. 1982 . A gynandromorph of the Japanese pycnogonid Anoplodactylus gestiens (Ortmann) . Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. , 95 ( 2 ) : 292 – 296 . 1982
   Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock , T. H. 1991 . The Evolution of Parental Care Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , L. J. 1901a . Notes on the habits of pycnogonids . Biol. Bull. , 2 ( 5 ) : 195 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , L. J. 1901b . 15 ( 2 ) : 243 – 248 . On Discoarachne brevipes Hoek, a pycnogonid from South Africa, Zool. Jahr
   Google Scholar
• Cole , L. J. 1904 . Pycnogonida of the West Coast of North America. . Harriman Alaska Expedition , 10 : 249 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , L. J. 1906 . Feeding habits of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus lentus . Zool. Anz. , 29 ( 24 ) : 740 – 741 .
   Google Scholar
• Dohrn , A. 1879 . Neue Untersuchungen über Pycnogoniden 28 – 39 . Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 1
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard , W. G. 1985 . Sexual Selection and Animal Genitalia Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• El-Hawawi , A. S.N. and King , P. E. 1978 . Spermiogenesis in a pycnogonid Nymphon gracile (Leach) . J. Submicr. Cytol. , 10 ( 3 ) : 345 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Fage , L. 1949 . “ Classe des Pycnogonides ” . In Traite de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systematique, Biologie, 6 Edited by: Grasse , P. P. 906 – 941 . Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Franzén , Å. 1987 . Spermatogenesis, In: Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol Edited by: Giese , A. C. , Pearse , J. S. and Pearse , V. B. 1 – 47 . Palo Alto, CA and Pacific Grove, CA : Blackwell Scientific and Boxwood Press . IX, General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity
   Google Scholar
• Ghiselin , M. T. 1987 . Evolutionary aspects of marine invertebrate peproduction, In: Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol Edited by: Giese , A. C. , Pearse , J. S. and Pearse , V. B. 609 – 665 . Palo Alto, CA and Pacific Grove, CA : Blackwell Scientific and Boxwood Press . IX, General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity
   Google Scholar
• Giese , A. C. and Kanatani , H. 1987 . Maturation and spawning, In: Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol Edited by: Giese , A. C , Pearse , J. S. and Pearse , V. B. 252 – 329 . Palo Alto, CA and Pacific Grove, CA : Blackwell Scientific, Boxwood Press . IX, General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity
   Google Scholar
• Hedgpeth , J. W. 1964 . Notes on the peculiar egg-laying habit of an Antarctic prosobranch (Mollusca: Gastropoda). . Veliger , 7 : 45 – 46 . (l)
   Google Scholar
• Heifer , H. and Schlottke , E. 1935 . Pantopoda. . Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs , 5 ( 4 ) : 1 – 314 . (2)
   Google Scholar
• Hoek , P. P.C. 1881 . Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873–76, Report on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS. . Challenger , 3 : 1 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Hooper , J. N.A. 1980 . Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Parapallene avida Stock (Pycnogonida: Callipallenidae) from northern New South Wales. . Australian Zool. , 20 ( 3 ) : 473 – 483 .
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis , J. H. and King , P. E. 1972 . Reproduction and development in the pycnogonid Pycnogonum littorale . Mar. Biol. , 13 : 146 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis , J. H. and King , P. E. 1975 . Egg development and the reproductive cycle in the pycnogonid Endeis laevis . Mar. Biol. , 33 : 331 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis , J. H. and King , P. E. 1978 . Reproductive biology of British pycnogonids (oögenesis and the reproductive cycle) . Zool. J. Linn. Soc , 63 : 105 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , P. E. 1973 . Pycnogonids New York : St. Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , P. E. and El-Hawawi , A. S.N. 1978 . Spermiogenesis in the pycnogonid Pycnogonum littorale (Ström), Acta Zool. . (Stockh.) , 59 : 97 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , P. E. and Jarvis , J. H. 1970 . Egg development in a littoral pycnogonid Nymphon gracile . Mar. Biol. , 7 : 294 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loman , J. C.C. 1907 . Biologische Beobachtungen an einem Pantopoden, Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige. . Vereeniging , 10 ( 2 ) : 255 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Losina-Losinsky , L. 1964 . [Pantopoda from the collections of the F. Litke in 1955 and the Ob in 1956. Scientific results of the oceanographic expeditions to the northern parts of the Greenland Sea and neighboring regions of the Arctic Basin in the years 1955–1958], Trudy arkticheski i antarkicheski . Nauchnovo-issiedovatetskovo institut , 259 : 330 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• Marcus , E. du B.R. 1952 . A hermaprodite pantopod. . Anais Academia Brasileira Ciencias , 24 ( 1 ) : 23 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Miyazaki , K. and Makioka , T. 1991 . Structure of the adult female reproductive system and oogenetic mode in the sea spider, Endeis nodosa (Pycnogonida; Endeidae). . J Morphol. , 209 : 257 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki , K. and Makioka , T. 1992 . Adult female reproductive system and oogenesis in the sea spider, Pycnogonum litorale (Pycnogonida; Pycnogonidae) . Zool. Jb. Anat. , 122 : 55 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura , K. and Sekiguchi , K. 1980 . Mating behaviour and oviposition in the pycnogonid Propallene longiceps . Mar. Ecol. (Progress Series) , 2 : 163 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prell , H. 1910 . Beitráge zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise einiger Pantopoden, Bergens Museum. . Aarbok (N.R.) , 10 : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Queller , D. C. 1997 . 264 : 1555 – 1557 . Why do females care more than males? Proc. R. Soc. London, B
   Google Scholar
• Ridley , M. 1978 . Paternal care . Anim. Behav. , 26 : 904 – 932 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez , S. 1959 . Le développement des Pycnogonides et leurs affinites avec les Arachnides . Arch. Zoologie Expér. Generale , 98 ( 1 ) : 1 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , H. W. and Buckmann , D. 1971 . Beobachtungen zur Lebensweise von Pycnogonum litorale (Ström) (Pantopoda) . Oecologia , 7 : 242 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuster , S. M. and Wade , M. J. 2003 . Mating Systems and Strategies Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Staples , D. H. 1999 . “ About the Class Pycnogonida ” . In Crustacea Guide of the World Edited by: Debelius , H. 314 – 318 . Germany : Frankfurt . IKAN—Unterwasserarchiv
   Google Scholar
• Stock , J. H. 1954 . Pycnogonida from Indo-West Pacific, Australian and New Zealand Waters, Papers from Dr. . Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–1916, Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjφbenhavn , 116 : 1 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Stock , J. H. 1965 . Pycnogonida from the southwestern Indian Ocean. . Beaufortia , 13 ( 151 ) : 13 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Stock , J. H. 1968 . Pycnogonida collected by the Galathea Anton Bruun in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. . Vikenskabelge Meddeleser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjφebenhavn , 131 : 7 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Stock , J. H. 1994 . Indo-West Pacific Pycnogonida collected by some major oceanographic expeditions. . Beaufortia , 44 ( 3 ) : 17 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Tallamy , D. W. 2000 . Sexual selection and the evolution of exclusive paternal care in arthropods. . Animal Behav. , 60 : 559 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , D. 1909 . “ Pycnogonida ” . In The Cambridge Natural History Edited by: Harmer , S. F. and Shipley , B. E. 501 – 542 . London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Tomaschko , K. H. , Wilhelm , E. and Buckmann , D. 1997 . Growth and reproduction of Pycnogonum litorale (Pycnogonida) under laboratory conditions. . Mar. Biol. , 129 : 595 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Deurs , B. 1973 . Axonemal 12+0 pattern in the flagellum of the motile spermatozoon of Nymphon leptocheles . J. Ultrastruc. Res. , 42 : 594 – 598 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Deurs , B. 1974a . Spermatology of some Pycnogonida (Arthropoda), with special reference to a microtubule-nuclear envelope complex . Acta Zool. , 55 : 151 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• van Deurs , B. 1974b . Cell Tiss. Res. , 149 : 105 – 111 . Pycnogonid sperm. An example of inter- and intraspecific axonemal variation
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade , M. J. and Shuster , S. M. 2002 . The evolution of parental care in the context of sexual selection: A critical reassessment of parental investment theory . Amer. Nat. , 160 : 285 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm , E. , Bückmann , D. and Tomaschko , K. H. 1997 . Life cycle and population dynamics of Pycnogonum litorale (Pycnogonida) in a natural habitat . Mar. Biol. , 129 : 601 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar