Expression profiles of lysozyme- and prophenoloxidase-encoding genes in Spodoptera species challenged with entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin using qRT-PCR

References

• Ahmad S, Zaman K, MacGill R, Batcabe J, Pardini R. 1995. Dichlone-induced oxidative stress in a model insect species, Spodoptera eridania. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 29:442–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújoa CAC, Waniek PJ, Stock P, Mayer C, Jansen AM, Schaub GA. 2006. Sequence characterization and expression patterns of defensin and lysozyme encoding genes from the gut of the reduviid bug Triatoma brasiliensis. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 36:547–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu J, Venkatachalapathy CM, Anitha CN. 2008. Evaluation of locally available substrates for mass multiplication of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 46:335–336.
   Google Scholar
• Bae S, Kim Y. 2003. Lysozyme of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua: activity induction and cDNA structure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 135:511–519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batcabe JP, Macgill RS, Zaman K, Ahmad S, Pardini RS. 1994. Mitomycin C induced alterations in antioxidant enzyme levels in a model insect species, Spodoptera eridania. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System. 25:569–574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boucias DG, Hung SY, Mazet I, Azbell J. 1994. Effect of the fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, on the lysozyme activity in Spodoptera exigua larvae. Journal of Insect Physiology. 40:385–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulet P, Stocklin R. 2005. Insect antimicrobial peptides: structures, properties and gene regulation. Protein and Peptide Letters. 12:3–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callewaert L, Michiels CW. 2010. Lysozymes in the animal kingdom. Journal of Biosciences. 35:127–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapellea M, Girarda PA, Cousserans F, Volkoffb NA, Duvica B. 2009. Lysozymes and lysozyme-like proteins from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Molecular Immunology. 47:261–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotter SC, Myatt JP, Benskin CM, Wilson K. 2008. Selection for cuticular melanism reveals immune function and life-history trade-offs in Spodoptera littoralis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 21:1744–1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franssens V, Simonet G, Breugelmans B, Soest SV, Hoef VV, Broeck JV. 2008. The role of hemocytes, serine protease inhibitors and pathogen-associated patterns in prophenoloxidase activation in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Peptides. 29:235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitak D, Wheat CW, Heckel DG, Vogel H. 2007. Immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria in larvae of Trichoplusia ni. BMC Biology. 5: 56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie JP, Burnett C, Charnley AK. 2000. The immune response of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria during mycosis of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum. Journal of Insect Physiology. 46:429–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie JP, Khachatourians GG. 1992. Characterization of the Melanoplus sanguinipes hemolymph after infection with Beauveria bassiana or wounding. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 103:455–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung SY, Boucias DG. 1996. Phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph of naive and Beauveria bassiana-infected Spodoptera exigua larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 67:35–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javar S, Mohamed R, Sajap AS, Lau W-H. 2015. Expression of pathogenesis-related genes in Metarhizium anisopliae when infecting Spodoptera exigua. Biological Control. 85:30–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javar S, Sajap AS, Mohamed R, Hong LW. 2013. Suitability of Centella asiatica (Pegaga) as a food source for rearing Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Research. 53:184–189.
   Google Scholar
• Ji P-F, Yao C-L, Wang Z-Y. 2009. Immune response and gene expression in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hemocytes and hepatopancreas against some pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 27:563–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H, Wang Y, Yu XQ, Kanost MR. 2003. Prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-2 from hemolymph of Manduca sexta. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278:3552–3561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanost MR. 1999. Serine proteinase inhibitors in arthropod immunity. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 23:291–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanost MR, Gorman MJ. 2008. Phenoloxidases in insect immunity. In: Beckage NE, editor. Insect immunology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press & Elsevier; p. 69–96.
   Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Park SI, Yoe J, Yoe SM. 2011. Cloning and overexpression of lysozyme from Spodoptera litura in prokaryotic system. Animal Cells Systems. 15:29–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon H, Bang K, Lee M, Cho S. 2014. Molecular cloning and characterization of a lysozyme cDNA from the mole cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Molecular Biology Reports. 41:5745–5754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavine MD, Strand MR. 2002. Insect hemocytes and their role in immunity. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 32:1295–1309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazado CC, Caipang CMA, Gallage S, Brinchmann MF, Kiron V. 2010. Expression profiles of genes associated with immune response and oxidative stress in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua head kidney leukocytes modulated by live and heat-inactivated intestinal bacteria. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 155:249–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee-Huang S, Huang P, Sun Y, Kung H, Blithe D, Chen H. 1999. Lysozyme and RNases as anti-HIV components in beta-core preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 96:2678–2681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee W-J, Brey PT. 1995. Isolation and characterization of the lysozyme-encoding gene from the silkworm Bombyx mori. Gene. 161:199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaitre B, Hoffmann J. 2007. The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annual Review of Immunology. 25:697–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Wang KY, Wang N, Li G, Sun N, Liu D. 2012. Codon optimization, constitutive expression and antimicrobial characterization of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in Pichia pastoris. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11:11887–11893.
   Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real- time quantitative PCR and the 2(−∆∆CT) method. Methods. 25:402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu A, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Yang B, Wu K, Xie W, Luan Y-X, Ling E. 2014. Insect prophenoloxidase: the view beyond immunity. Frontiers in Physiology. 5: 252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Z, Beck MH, Wang Y, Jiang H, Strand MR. 2008. The viral protein Egf1. 0 is a dual activity inhibitor of prophenoloxidase-activating proteinases 1 and 3 from Manduca sexta. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283:21325–21333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak P, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Cytrynska M. 2010. A different repertoire of Galleria mellonella antimicrobial peptides in larvae challenged with bacteria and fungi. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 34:1129–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulnix AB, Dunn PE. 1994. Structure and induction of a lysozyme gene from the tabacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 24:271–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nappi AJ, Vass E. 1993. Melanogenesis and the generation of cytotoxic molecules during insect cellular immune reactions. Pigment Cell Research. 6:117–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paskewitz SM, Li B, Kajla MK. 2008. Cloning and molecular characterization of two invertebrate-type lysozymes from Anopheles gambiae. Insect Molecular Biology. 17:217–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Povey S, Cotter SC, Simpson SJ, Lee KP, Wilson K. 2009. Can the protein costs of bacterial resistance be offset by altered feeding behaviour? Journal of Animal Ecology. 78:437–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajagopal R, Thamilarasi K, Raja Venkatesh G, Srinivas P, Bhatnagar RK. 2005. Immune cascade of Spodoptera litura: cloning, expression, and characterization of inducible prophenoloxidase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 337:394–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao XJ, Ling E, Yu XQ. 2010. The role of lysozyme in the prophenoloxidase activation system of Manduca sexta: an in vitro approach. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 34:264–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shine J, Dalgarno L. 1973. Occurrence of heat-dissociable ribosomal RNA in insects: the presence of three polynucleotide chains in 26 S RNA from cultured Aedes aegypti cells. Journal of Molecular Biology. 75:57–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha S, Kim Y. 2008. Eicosanoids mediate prophenoloxidase release from oenocytoids in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 38:99–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderhall K, Cerenius L. 1998. Role of the prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology. 10:23–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugumaran M, Kanost MR. 1993. Regulation of insect hemolymph phenoloxidases. In: Beckage NE, Thompson SN, Federici BA, editors. Parasites and pathogens of insects. London: Academic Press; p. 317–342.
   Google Scholar
• Sugumaran M, Nellaiappan K. 2000. Characterization of a new phenoloxidase inhibitor from the cuticle of Manduca sexta. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 268:379–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamoto T, Ichimaru Y, Kanegae N, Watanabe K, Yamaura I, Katsura Y, Funatsu M. 1992. Identification and isolation of endogenous insect phenoloxidase inhibitors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 184:86–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valasek MA, Repa JJ. 2005. The power of real-time PCR. Advances in Physiology Education. 29:151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandesompele J, Preter KD, Pattyn F, Poppe B, Roy NV, Paepe AD, Speleman F. 2002. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biology. 3:1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vimala Devi PS. 1994. Conidial production of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea releyi and its evaluation for the control of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Ricinus communis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 63(2):145–150.
   Google Scholar
• Winnebeck EC, Millar CD, Warman GR. 2010. Why does insect RNA look degraded? Journal of Insect Science. 10: 159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojda I, Kowalski P, Jakubowicz T. 2009. Humoral immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae after infection by Beauveria bassiana under optimal and heat-shock conditions. Journal of Insect Physiology. 55:525–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu T, Samaranayake LP, Leung WK, Sullivan PA. 1999. Inhibition of growth and secreted aspartyl proteinase production in Candida albicans by lysozyme. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 48:721–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon HS, Lee CS, Lee SY, Choi CS, Lee IH, Yeo SM, Kim HR. 2003. Purification and cDNA cloning of inducible antibacterial peptides from Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 52:92–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhou B, Zhang C, Liu W, Miao X, Huang Y. 2009. Up-regulation of lysozyme gene expression during metamorphosis and immune challenge of the cottonbollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 70:18–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar