223
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

FLOWER SIZE AND SHAPE: IMPLICATIONS IN POLLINATION

&
Pages 201-211 | Received 01 Oct 1996, Published online: 19 Apr 2013

REFERENCES

  • Anderson , A. M. 1977 . The influence of pointed regions on the shape preference of honeybees. . Anim. Behav. , 25 : 88 – 94 .
  • Backhaus , W. 1992 . Color vision in honeybees. Vol. 16 , 1 – 12 . Neurosci. Behav. Rev
  • Barth , F. G. 1985 . Insects and flowers. Princeton , NJ. : Princeton University Press .
  • Bell , G. 1985 . On the function of flowers. . Proc. R. Soc. London B , 224 : 223 – 265 .
  • Dafni , A. 1990 . Advertisement, flower longevity, reward and nectar protection in Labiatae. . Act. Hort. , 288 : 340 – 346 .
  • Dafni , A. 1992 . Pollination ecology. Oxford : Oxford University Press . 250
  • Dafni , A. 1994 . Note on side advertisement in flowers. . Funct. Ecol. , 8 : 136 – 138 .
  • Dafni , A. 1997 . The response of Amphicoma spp. . (Coleoptera; Glaphysidae) beetles to red models differing in area, shape, and symmetry. Isr. J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 247 – 254 . , this issue
  • Dafni , A. and Kevan , P. G. 1996 . Floral symmetry and nectar guides: Ontogenetic constraints from floral development, colour pattern rules and functional significance. Vol. 120 , 371 – 377 . Bot. J. Linn. Soc.;
  • Dafni , A. , Lehrer , M. and Kevan , P. G. 1997 . Spatial flower parameters and insect spatial vision . Biol. Rev. 71 , in press
  • Daumer , K. 1958 . Blumenfarben wie sie die Bienen sehen. . Z. Vgl. Physiol. , 41 : 49 – 110 .
  • Dobson , H. E.M. 1989 . “ Pollenkitt in plant reproduction. In ” . In The evolutionary ecology of plants. Edited by: Bock , J. and Linhar , Y. 227 – 246 . Boulder , CO : Westview .
  • Dobson , H. E.M. 1994 . “ Floral volatiles in insect biology ” . In Insect-plant interactions. Vol. V. Edited by: Bernays , E. A. 47 – 81 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
  • Faegri , K. and van der Pijl , L. 1979 . The principles of pollination ecology., , 3rd ed. Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Giurfa , M. and Vorobyev , M. 1997 . The detection and recognition of color stimuli by honeybees: Performance and mechanisms. . Isr. J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 129 – 140 . , this issue
  • Giurfa , M. , Eichmann , B. and Menzel , R. 1996a . Symmetry perception in an insect. . Nature , 382 : 458 – 461 .
  • Giurfa , M. , Vorobyev , M. , Kevan , P. G. and Menzel , R. 1966b . Detection of coloured stimuli by honeybees: minimum visual angles and receptor specific contrast. Vol. A 178 , 699 – 710 . J. Comp. Physiol
  • Giurfa , M. , Vorobyev , M. , Brandt , R. , Posner , B. and Menzel , R. 1997 . Discrimination of colored stimuli by honeybees: alternative use of achromatic and chromatic signals . J. Comp. Physiol. A , in press
  • Hempel , N. , Giurfa , M. and Vorobyev , M. 1996 . “ How do bees detect and discriminate coloured patterns? ” . In Proceedings of the 24th Goettingen Neurobiology Conference. 338 Thieme : Stuttgart .
  • Herrera , C. M. 1993 . Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in hawkmoth-pollinated violets. . Ecol. Monogr. , 63 : 251 – 275 .
  • Hertz , M. 1931 . Die organisation des optischen Feldes bei der Biene. . III. Z. Vgl. Physiol. , 14 : 629 – 674 .
  • Hertz , M. 1933 . Uber figurale Intensitäten und Qualitäten in der optischen Wahrnehmung der Biene. . Biol. Zentralbl. , 53 : 10 – 10 .
  • Ilse , D. 1932 . Zur “Formwahrnehmung” der Tagfalter. . I. Spontane Bevorzugun von Formmenkmalen durch Vanessen. Z. Vgl. Physiol. , 17 : 537 – 556 .
  • Kevan , P. G. 1970 . High Arctic insect-flower relations: The inter-relationships of arthropods and flowers at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island N.W.T. Canada. Ph.D. thesis Edmonton , , Canada : University of Alberta .
  • Kevan , P. G. 1973 . Parasitoid wasps as flower visitors in the Canadian High Arctic. . Anz. Schaedlingsk. Pflanz.-Umweltschutz , 46 : 3 – 7 .
  • Kevan , P. G. 1983 . “ Floral colors through the insect eyes: What they are and what they mean ” . In Handbook of experimental pollination biology. Edited by: Jones , C. E. and Little , R. J. 3 – 30 . New York : holt . Van Nostrand Rein
  • Kevan , P. G. 1997 . “ Colour vision: Ecology and evolution in making the best of the photic environment ” . In Colour vision. Edited by: Backhaus , W. Berlin : de Gruyter . in press
  • Kevan , P. G. and Lane , M. A. 1985 . Flower petal microtexture is a tactile cue for bees. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 82 : 4750 – 4752 .
  • Kugler , H. 1943 . Hummeln als Blütenbesucher. . Ergeb. Biol. , 19 : 143 – 323 .
  • Kugler , H. 1963 . UV-Musterungen auf Blueten und ihr Zustandekommen. . Planta , 59 : 296 – 329 .
  • Land , M. F. 1997 . The resolution of insect compound eyes. . Isr. J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 79 – 91 . , this issue
  • Lehrer , M. 1997 . Honeybee's use of spatial parameters for flower discrimination. . Isr. J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 157 – 167 . , this issue
  • Lehrer , M. and Bischof , S. 1995 . Detection of model flowers by honeybees: The role of chromatic and achromatic contrast. . Naturwissenschaften , 82 : 145 – 147 .
  • Lehrer , M. , Wehner , R. and Srinivasan , M. 1985 . Visual scanning behaviour in honeybees. . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 157 : 405 – 115 .
  • Lex , Th . 1954 . Duffmale an Blueten. . Z. Vgl. Physiol. , 36 : 212 – 234 .
  • Lunau , K. 1990 . Colour saturation triggers innate reaction of flower signals: flower dummy experiments with bumblebees. . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 166 : 827 – 834 .
  • Lunau , K. 1991 . Innate flower recognition in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, B. lucorum; Apidae): optical signals as learning reaction releasers. . Ethology , 88 : 203 – 214 .
  • Menzel , R. 1985 . “ Learning in honeybees in an ecological and behavioral context ” . In Experimental behavioral ecology. Edited by: Holldobler , B. and Lindauer , M. 55 – 74 . Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
  • Menzel , R. and Backhaus , W. 1991 . “ Colour vision in insects ” . In Vision and visual dysfunction. VII. Perception of colour. Edited by: Gouras , P. 262 – 288 . London : Macmillan .
  • Menzel , R. and Shmida , A. 1993 . The ecology of flower colours and the natural colour vision of insect pollinators: The Israeli flora as a case study. . Biol. Rev. , 68 : 81 – 120 .
  • Menzel , R. , Gumbert , A. , Kunze , J. , Shmida , A. and Vorobyev , M. 1997 . Pollinators' strategy in finding flowers, Isr. . J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 141 – 156 . , this issue
  • Müller , H. 1883 . The fertilization of flowers (Transl. D'Arcy Thompson, W.) London : Macmillan .
  • Mulligan , G. A. and Kevan , P. G. 1973 . Color, brightness and other floral characteristics attracting insects to the bios-M. . 1997. Pollinators' strategy in finding flowers, Isr. J. Plant Sci. , 45 : 141 – 156 . , this issue
  • Müller , H. 1883 . The fertilization of flowers (Transl. D'Arcy Thompson, W.) London : Macmillan .
  • Mulligan , G. A. and Kevan , P. G. 1973 . Color, brightness and other floral characteristics attracting insects to the blossoms of some Canadian weeds. . Can. J. Bot. , 51 : 1939 – 1952 .
  • Proctor , M. , Yeo , P. and Lack , E. 1996 . The natural history of pollination. London : Collins .
  • Sokal , R. R. and Rohlf , F. J. 1995 . Biometry., , 3rd ed. New York : Freeman .
  • Sprengel , C. K. 1793 . “ Discovery of the secret of nature in the structure and fertilization of flowers. Reprinted ” . In Floral biology: studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. Edited by: Lloyd , D. G. and Barrett , S. C.H. 3 – 43 . London : Chapman & Hall . 1996. In
  • SPSS . 1990 . SPSS, Statistical data analysis. Reference Guide. Release 4. Chicago : SPSS Inc. .
  • Srinivasan , M. V. 1993 . “ How insects infer range from visual motion ” . In Visual motion and its role in the stabilization of gaze. Else Science Publishers, Amsterdam Edited by: Miles , F. A. and Wallaman , J. 133 – 156 .
  • Vorobyev , M. , Gumbert , A. , Kunze , J. , Giurfa , M. and Menzel , R. 1997 . Flowers through insect eyes. . Isr. J. P Sci. , 45 : 93 – 101 . , this issue
  • Weberling , F. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . 19289. Morphology of flowers and inflocences. 405
  • Wehner , R. 1981 . “ Spatial vision in arthropods ” . In Comparative physiology and evolution of vision invertebrates. Edited by: Autrum . 287 – 616 . Springer : Heidelberg .
  • Wilson , M. F. and Price , P. W. 1977 . The evolution of inflocence size in Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae). Evolution 495 – 511 .
  • Wyatt , R. 1984 . The evolution of self-pollination in graoutcrop species of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae). . I. Morphological correlates. Evolution , 38 : 804 – 816 .
  • Zerrahn , G. 1933 . Formdressur und Formunterscheidung der Honigbiene. . Z. Vgl. Physiol. , 20 : 117 – 150 .
  • Zhang , S. W. , Xiang , W. , Zili , L. and Srinivasan , M. V. Visual tracking of moving targets by freely flying honeybees. . Vis. Neurosci. , 4 379 – 386 . 19

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.