Prevalence and determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling patterns in hypertensive patients: the St. Petersburg study

References

• Bikkina M, Levy D, Eans JC, et al. Left ventricular mass and risk of stroke in an elderly cohort, the Framingham study. JAMA 1994; 272: 33–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Roman MJ. Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: stimuli, patterns, and consequences. Hyper-tens Res 1999; 22: 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel WB, Levy D, Balanger AJ. Prognostic significance of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1988; 78 Suppl 2: 89–95.
   Google Scholar
• Kannel WB. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor. J Hypertens 1991; 9 Suppl 2: S3–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy D, Anderson KM, Savage DD, et al. Risk of ven-tricular arrhythmias in left ventricular hypertrophy: The Framingham Heart Study. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 560–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abergel E, Cohen A, Vaur L G, Khellaf F, Menard J. Accuracy and reproducibility of left ventricular mass measurement by subcostal M-Mode echocardiography in hypertensive patients and professional bicyclists. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 620–4.
   Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Reicheck N. Echocardiographic determina-tion of left ventricular mass in men. Circulation 1977; 55: 613–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB. Detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by M-mode echocardiography. Anatomic validation, standard-ization and comparison to other methods. Hypertension 1987; 9 Suppl II: 1119–26.
   Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, et al. Echocardio-graphic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: com-parison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 7: 639–50.
   Google Scholar
• Canau A, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, et al. Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in essen-tial hypertension. J Am Coll Cadiol 1992; 19: 1550–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abergel E, Tase M, Bohlader J. Which definition for echo-cardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy? Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 489–503.
   Google Scholar
• Coca A, Gabrial R, de la Figuera M, et al. The impact of different echocardiographic diagnostic criteria on the preva-lence of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hyper-tension: the VITAE study. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 1471–80.
   Google Scholar
• De Simone G, Muiesan ML, Ganau A, et al. Reliability and limitations of echocardiographic measurement of left ven-tricular mass for risk stratifications and follow-up in single patients: the RES trial. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 1955–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Devereux RB, Casale PN, Hammond JW, et al. Echocardio-graphic detection of pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy: effect of criteria and patients population. J Clin Hypertens 1987; 3: 66–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daflof A, Bayo J, Gil M, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy in a general hypertensive population in Barcelona, Spain. Med Chin (Bars) 1995; 105: 361–6.
   Google Scholar
• Dubious D, Dubious F. A formula to estimate the approxi-mate surface area if height and weight are known. Arch Intern Med 1916; 17: 863–71.
   Google Scholar
• Laufer E, Jennings GL, Korner PI, Dewar E. Prevalence of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in untreated primary hypertension. Hypertension 1989; 13: 151–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS, et al. The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA 1996; 275: 1557–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardin JM, Savage DD, Ware JH, Henry WL. Effects of age, sex and body surface area on echocardiographic left ven-tricular wall mass in normal subjects. Hypertension 1987; 19 Suppl 2: 36–41.
   Google Scholar
• Oganov RG. The problem of control of blood pressure in the population. Kardiologia 1994; 3: 80–3.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Obesity and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Liao Y, Cooper RS, Durazo-Arvizu R, et al. Prediction of morality risk by different methods of indexation for left ventricular mass. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 641–7.
   Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, et al. Continuous relation between left ventricular mass and risk in essential hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 35: 580–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watchtell K, Bella JN, Liebson PR, et al. Impact of different partition values on prevalence of left ventricular hyper-trophy and concentric geometry in a large hypertensive population: the LIFE study. Hypertension 2000; 35: 6–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mosterd A, Dagnostio RB, Silershatz H, et al. Trends in the prevalence in hypertension, antihypertensive therapy and left ventricular hypertrophy from 1950 to 1989. N Eng J Med 1999; 340: 1221–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doba N, Tomiyama H, Vashida H. Left ventricular hyper-trophy in mild essential hypertension, its progression, prediction and treatment strategy. Japan Heart J 1996; 37: 417–30.
   Google Scholar
• Koren MJ, Devereux RB, Casale PN, et al. Relation of left ventricular mass and geometry to morbidity and mortality in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1991; 111: 345–52.
   Google Scholar
• Krumholz HM, Larson M, Levy D. Prognosis of left ven-tricular geometric patterns in Framingham Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 884–97.
   Google Scholar
• Varagic J, Susie D, Froehlich E. Heart, aging and hyper- tension. Curr Opin Cardiol 2001; 16: 336'11.
   Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, De Simone G, Ganau A, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodelling in hypertension: stimuli, functional consequence and prognostic implica-tions. J Hypertens 1994; 12 Suppl: 5117–27.
   Google Scholar
• Schirmer H, Lunde P, Rasmussen K. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in general population. The Tromso Study. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 429–38.
   Google Scholar
• Levy D, Savage DD, Garrison RJ, et al. Echocardiographic criteria for the left ventricular hypertrophy: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 956–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell S, Korecky B, Rakusan K. Remodelling of myocyte dimensions in hypertrophic and atrophic rat hearts. Circ Res 1991; 68: 984–96.
   Google Scholar
• Messerly FN, Grodzicki T. Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Eur Heart J 1992; 13 Suppl D: 66–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kuch B, Muscholl M, Luchner A, et al. Gender specific differences in left ventricular adaptation to obesity and hypertension. Hum Hypertens 1998; 12: 685–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smalcelj A, Puljevic D, Buljevic B, Brida V. Left ven-tricular hypertrophy in obese hypertensives: is it really eccentric? (An echocardiographic study). Coll Antropol 2002; 24: 167–83.
   Google Scholar
• Sundstrum J, Lind L, Nystrum N, et al. Left ventricular concentric remodelling other than left ventricular hyper-trophy is related to insulin resistance syndrome in the elderly. Circulation 2000; 101: 2595–600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vella F, Cicconetti P, Ronzoni S, et al. Hyperinsilinemia, regional adipose tissue distribution and left ventricular mass in elderly obese subjects. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: 326–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savage DD, Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, et al. The spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy in a general population sample: the Framingham study. Circulation 1987; 75 Suppl I: 26–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hammond IW, Devereux RB, Alderman MH, et al. The prevalence and correlates of echocardiographic left ventri-cular hypertrophy among employed patients with uncom-plicated hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 18: 639–50.
   Google Scholar
• Missault LH, Buyzere ML, Duprez DD, et al. Relationship between left ventricular mass and blood pressure in treated hypertension. Hum Hypertens 2002; 16: 61–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armario P, Rey RH, Martin-Baranera M, et al. The effect of age on the relationship of pulse pressure and left ventricular mass in untreated patients with mild to moderate hyper-tension. Blood Press 2002; 11: 13–17.
   Google Scholar
• Saba MM, Ibrihim MM, Rizk HH. Gender and the relation-ship between resting heart rate and left ventricular geometry. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 367–73.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas F, Benetos A, Ducimetire P, et al. Determinants of left ventricular mass in a French male population. Blood Press 1999; 8: 79–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Lonati L, Macca G, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid thickening in a large selected hypertensive population: impact of different echo-cardiographic and ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria. Blood Press 2001; 10: 135–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen CH, Ting CT, Lin SJ, et al. Which arterial and cardiac parameters best predict left ventricular mass? Circulation 1998; 98: 422–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar