975
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Identifying poor cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents by using heart rate variability analysis under resting conditions

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 13-20 | Received 12 Feb 2019, Accepted 26 Mar 2019, Published online: 12 Dec 2019

References

  • WHO. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations General Assembly A/66/83. 2011 May 19 [cited 2013 Dec 9]. Available from: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/66/83&Lang=E
  • World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases. 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 10]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf
  • Ruiz JR, Cavero-Redondo I, Ortega FB, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness cut points to avoid cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents; what level of fitness should raise a red flag? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:1451–1458.
  • Redón P, Grassi G, Redon J, et al. Sympathetic neural activity, metabolic parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese youths. J Hypertens. 2017;35:571–577.
  • Pianosi PT, Liem RI, McMurray RG, et al. Pediatric exercise testing: value and implications of peak oxygen uptake. Children (Basel). 2017;4:E6.
  • Barker AR, Williams CA, Jones AM, et al. Establishing maximal oxygen uptake in young people during a ramp cycle test to exhaustion. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:498–503.
  • Astrand P, Rodahl K. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1986.
  • Rowland TW, Cunningham LN. Oxygen uptake plateau during maximal treadmill exercise in children. Chest. 1992;101:485–489.
  • Hebestreit H, Staschen B, Hebestreit A. Ventilatory threshold: a useful method to determine aerobic fitness in children? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:1964–1969.
  • Yeh MP, Gardner RM, Adams TD, et al. “Anaerobic threshold”: problems of determination and validation. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983;55:1178–1186.
  • Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ. A step approach to the evaluation of unexplained dyspnea: the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Pulm Perspect. 1998;15:8–11.
  • Sartor F, Vernillo G, de Morree HM, et al. Estimation of maximal oxygen uptake via submaximal exercise testing in sports, clinical and home settings. Sports Med. 2013;43:865–873.
  • Evans HJ, Ferrar KE, Smith AE, et al. A systematic review of methods to predict maximal oxygen uptake from submaximal, open circuit spirometry in healthy adults. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:183–188.
  • Malpas SC. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Physiol Rev. 2010;90:513–557.
  • Baum P, Petroff D, Classen J, et al. Dysfunction of autonomic nervous system in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e54546.
  • Thorp AA, Schlaich MP. Relevance of sympathetic nervous system activation in obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Res. 2015;2015:1.
  • Kotsis V, Nilsson P, Grassi G, et al. WG on obesity, diabetes, the high risk patient, European Society of Hypertension. New developments in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1499–1508.
  • Grassi G, Seravalle G, Dell'oro R. Sympathetic activation in obesity: a noninnocent bystander. Hypertension. 2010;56:338–340.
  • Da Silva DF, Bianchini JA, Antonini VD, et al. Parasympathetic cardiac activity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adolescents. Pediatr Cardiol. 2014;35:684–690.
  • Sassi R, Cerutti S, Lombardi F, et al. Advances in heart rate variability signal analysis: joint position statement by the e-Cardiology ESC Working Group and the European Heart Rhythm Association co-endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace. 2015;17:1341–1353.
  • Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, et al. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1240–1243.
  • Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:354–381.
  • Compher C, Frankenfield D, Keim N, et al.; Evidence Analysis Working Group. Best practice methods to apply to measurement of resting metabolic rate in adults: a systematic review. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:881–903.
  • Clifford GD, Azuaje F, McSharry PE. Advanced methods and tools for ECG data analysis. Boston (MA): Artech House Publishing; 2006.
  • Wahrlich V, Anjos LA, Going SB, et al. Validation of the VO2000 calorimeter for measuring resting metabolic rate. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:687–692.
  • Guixeres J, Redon P, Saiz J, et al. Cardiovascular fitness in youth: association with obesity and metabolic abnormalities. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29:1290–1297.
  • Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, et al. Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical applications. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins; 1999.
  • Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, et al. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e653–e699.
  • Ortega FB, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, et al. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:20–29.
  • Eisenmann JC, Laurson KR, Welk GJ. Aerobic fitness percentiles for U.S. adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41:S106–S110.
  • Brands MW, Hildebrandt DA, Mizelle HL, et al. Sustained hyperinsulinemia increases arterial pressure in conscious rats. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:R764–R768.
  • Berne C, Fagius J, Pollare T, et al. The sympathetic response toeuglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings in healthy subjects. Diabetologia. 1992;35:873–879.
  • Lembo G, Napoli R, Capaldo B, et al. Abnormal sympathetic overactivity evoked by insulin in the skeletal muscle of patients with essential hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1992;90:24–29.
  • Guarino D, Nannipieri M, Iervasi G, et al. The role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of obesity. Front Physiol. 2017;8:665.
  • Canale MP, Manca di Villahermosa S, Martino G, et al. Obesity-related metabolic syndrome: mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:1.
  • Smith MM, Minson CT. Obesity and adipokines: effects on sympathetic overactivity. J Physiol. 2012;590:1787–1801.
  • Grassi G, Mark A, Esler M. The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension. Circ Res. 2015;116:976–990.
  • Oliveira RS, Barker AR, Wilkinson KM, et al. Is cardiac autonomic function associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in children and adolescents? A systematic review of cross-sectional studies. Int J Cardiol. 2017;236:113–122.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.