When Are Health Systems Ready for New Vaccines? The Introduction of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Malawi

References

• Atun R., T. de Jongh, F. Secci, K. Ohiri and O. Adeyi, 2009, ‘Integration of targeted health interventions into health systems: A conceptual framework for analysis’, Health Policy and Planning, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 104–111.
   Google Scholar
• Atun, R., T. de Jongh, F. Secci, K. Ohiri and O. Adeyi, 2010, ‘A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems’, Health Policy and Planning, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czp053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birn, A., Y. Pillay and T. H. Holtz, 2009, Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World, 3rd ed., Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blume, S., J. Jani and S. Roalkvam, 2013, Saving children's lives: Perspectives on immunisation, in S. Roalkvam, D. McNeill and S. Blume, eds, Protecting the World's Children: Immunization Policies and Practices, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–30.
   Google Scholar
• Breen, D., 2003, ‘Pneumococcal vaccination programme in over 65s and at-risk groups: The Dumfries and Galloway experience’, Communicable Disease and Public Health, Vol. 6, pp. 228–230.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burchett, H. E. D., S. Mournier-Jack, U. K. Griffiths, R. Biellik, P. Ongolo-Zogo, E. Chavez, H. Sarma, J. Uddin, M. Konate, Y. Kitaw, M. Molla, S. Wakasiaka, L. Gilson and A. Mills, 2012a, ‘New vaccine adoption: Qualitative study of national decision-making processes in seven low – and middle-income countries’, Health Policy and Planning, Vol. 27, pp. ii5–ii6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchett, H. E. D., S. Mounier-Jack, U. K. Griffiths and A. J. Mills, 2012b, ‘National decision-making on adopting new vaccines: A systematic review’, Health Policy and Planning, Vol. 27, pp. ii62–ii76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauke-Moagi, B. E. and M. Mumba, 2012, ‘New vaccine introduction in the East and Southern African sub-region of the WHO African region in the context of GIVS and MDGs’, Vaccine, Vol. 30, No. Suppl 3, pp. C3–8, doi:10.1016/j.Vaccine.2012.05.086.
   Google Scholar
• Clements, C. J., D. Nshimirimanda and A. Gasasira, 2008, ‘Using immunisation delivery strategies to accelerate progress in Africa towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals’, Vaccine, Vol. 26, pp. 1926–1933, doi:10-1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.032pmid:18343540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, A. L., T. B. Hyde, J. Verani and M. Watkins, 2012, ‘Integrating pneumonia prevention and treatment interventions with immunisation services in resource-poor countries’, Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, Vol. 90, pp. 289–294, doi:10.2471/BLT.11.094029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daza, P., R. Banda, K. Misoya, A. Katsulukuta, B. D. Gessner and R. Katsande, 2006, ‘The impact of routine infant immunisation with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Malawi a country with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence’, Vaccine, Vol. 24, pp. 6232–6239. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department for International Development (DFID), 2010, Impact Evaluation of the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp), Malawi: DFID, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67670/imp-eval-sect-wde-appr-mw.pdf (accessed 2 October 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Department for International Development (DFID), 2011a, Multilateral Aid Review: Ensuring Maximum Value for Money for UK Aid Through Multilateral Organisations, London: DFID.
   Google Scholar
• Department for International Development (DFID), 2011b, ‘Statement of clarification provided by the UK Department for International Development for members of the Scotland Malawi Partnership. Malawi-Decision to suspend general budget support’, http://www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/documents/9-DFIDstatementforSMPmembers21July2011.pdf (accessed 30 September 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Duclos, P., J. Okwo-Bele, M. Gacic-Dobo and T. Cherian, 2009, ‘Global immunisation: Status progress challenges and future’, BMC International Health and Human Rights, Vol. 9, No. Suppl 1, article no. S2, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/9/S1/S2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eie, E., 2008, ‘Vaccine introduction at country level; a case study in Malawi’. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Master of Philosophy Degree, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• Frenk, J., 2010, ‘The Global health system: Strengthening national health systems as the next step for global progress’, PLOS Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 1, p. e1000089. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, U. K., V. S. Korczak, D. Ayalew and A. Yigzaw, 2009, ‘Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitisB-Hib vaccine into national immunisation services in Ethiopia’, Vaccine, Vol. 27, pp. 1426–1432. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. S., 2002, ‘The rhetoric of sector-wide approaches for health development’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 54, pp. 1725–1737. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00340-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton, G. and M. Tanner, 2004, ‘The sector-wide approach, a blessing for public health?’, Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, Vol. 82, No. 12, p. 893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyde, T. B., H. Dentz, S. A. Wang, H. E. Burchett, S. Mounier-Jack and C. F. Mantel, 2012, ‘The impact of new vaccines introduction on immunisation and health systems: A review of the published literature’, Vaccine, Vol. 30, pp. 6347–6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, H., M. Zhang, J. Liang, C. Deng and A. Cheng, 2010, ‘Evaluation on immunisation effect of hepatitis 12B vaccine of GAVI project in Fukang City, Xinjiang’, Endemic Disease Bulletin/Di Fang Bing Tong Bao, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 27–28.
   Google Scholar
• Leask J., C. Jackson, L. Trevena , K. McCaffery and J. Brotherton, 2009, ‘Implementation of the Australian HPV vaccination program for adult women: Qualitative key informant interviews’, Vaccine, Vol. 27, No. 40, pp. 5505–5512.
   Google Scholar
• Lydon, P., R. Levine, M. Makinen, L. Brenzel, V. Mitchell and J. B. Milstien, 2008, ‘Introducing new vaccines in the poorest countries: What did we learn from the GAVI experience with financial sustainability?’, Vaccine, Vol. 26, pp. 6706–6716. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malawi Government, 2010, Annual Progress Report to GAVI, Lilongwe: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Malawi Government, 2013, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Circumstances of the Death of the Late President Ngwazi Prof. Bingu wa Mutharika and into the Political Transition Following His Death. Lilongwe: Malawi Government.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health (MoH), 2011, Malawi Health Sector Strategic Plan 2011–2016: Moving Towards Equity and Quality, Lilongwe: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• MoH, 2002, Republic of Malawi Ministry of Health and Population Expanded Programme on Immunisation Malawi Field Operational Manual, Lilongwe: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• MoH, 2003, Malawi National Immunisation Program: Financial Sustainability Plan, Lilongwe: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• MoH, 2004, A Joint Programme of Work for a Health Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) 2004–2010, Lilongwe: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Mweninguwe, R., 2012, ‘When funding is discontinued’, http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/malawi-knows-what-it-means-when-donors-discontinue-budget-support (accessed 30 September 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Naimoli, J. F., 2009, ‘Global health partnerships in practice: Taking stock of the GAVI Alliance's new investment in health system strengthening’, International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Vol. 24, pp. 3–25. doi: 10.1002/hpm.969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyirenda, L. and R. Flikke, 2013, ‘Frontline vaccinators and immunisation coverage in Malawi’, Forum for Development Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 27–46. doi: 10.1080/08039410.2012.725676
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, L. H., M. C. Danovaro-Holliday and C. R. Matus, 2008, ‘Rotavirus vaccine introduction in the Americas: Progress and lessons learned’, Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 345–353. doi:10.1586/14760584.7.3.345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J., and L. Spencer, 1993, Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research, in A. Bryman and R. Burgess, eds, Analysing Qualitative Data, London: Routledge, pp. 173–174.
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg, K. I. and J. Justice, 2013, National commitments and global objectives, in S. Roalkvam, D. McNeill and S. Blume, eds, Protecting the world's children: immunisation policies and practices, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 87–114.
   Google Scholar
• Shearer, J. C., M. L. Stack, M. R. Richmond, A. P. Bear, R. A. Hajjeh and D. M. Bishai, 2010, ‘Accelerating policy decisions to adopt haemophilus influenza type B vaccine: A global, multivariable analysis’, PLoS Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 3, e1000249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, A. and C. Melamed, 2010, ‘Introduction – the MDGs and beyond: Pro-poor policy in a changing world’, IDS Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Szlezák, N. A., B. R. Bloom, D. T. Jamison, G. T. Keusch, C. M. Michaud, S. Moon and W. C. Clark, 2010, ‘The global health system: Actors, norms, and expectations in transition’, PLOS Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 1, e1000183. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis, P., S. Bennett, A. Hains, T. Pang, Z. Bhutta, A. A. Hyder, N. R. Pielemeier, A. Mills and T. Evans, 2004, ‘Overcoming health-systems constraints to achieve the Millennium Development Goals’, Lancet, Vol. 364, No. 9437, pp. 900–906.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children's Fund, 2013, Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women, http://www.childinfo.org/delivery_care.html (accessed 1 November 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, D., V. Dietz and K. L. Cairns, 2009, ‘Integration of Immunisation services with other health interventions in the developing world: What works and why? A systematic literature review’, Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 14, No. 11, doi:101111/j.1365-3156.2008.02196.x.pmid: 19017307. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02196.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S. A., T. B. Hyde, S. Mounier-jack, L. Brenzel, M. Favin, W. S. Gordon, J. C. Shearer, C. F. Mantel, A. Narendra and D. Durrheim, 2013, ‘New vaccine introductions: Assessing the impact and the opportunities for immunisation and health systems strengthening’, Vaccine, Vol. 31S, pp. B122–B128. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, 2005, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO/IVB/05.18. Vaccine introduction guidelines: adding a vaccine to a national programme–decision and implementation.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2009, Country Cooperation Strategy 2008–2013: Malawi, http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_mwi_en.pdf (accessed 22 March 2012).
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2011, Malawi Introduces Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Malawi Newsletter, http://www.afro.who.int/en/malawi/press-materials/item/3404-malawi-introduces-pneumococcal-conjugate-vaccine.html (accessed 11 July 2012).
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2012, Principles and Considerations for Adding a Vaccine into a National Immunisation Program: From Decision to Implementation: Excerpted Sections for April 2012 SAGE Session: Impact of Vaccine Introductions on Immunisation and Health Systems, 23 March.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, UNICEF and World Bank, 2009, State of the World's Vaccines and Immunisation, 3rd ed., Geneva: World Health Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Yuang, Y., M. Wang, X. J. Liang, T. Li and D. Wang, 2008, ‘Analysis of the vaccination program after Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan’, Journal of Tropical Medicine (Guangzhou), Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 833–835.
   Google Scholar