Cross-cultural comparison of theory of mind deficits in patients with schizophrenia from China and Denmark: different aspects of ToM show different results

References

• Green MF, Penn DL, Bentall R, et al. Social cognition in schizophrenia: an NIMH workshop on definitions, assessment, and research opportunities. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34(6):1211–1220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn DL, Sanna LJ, Roberts DL. Social cognition in schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophr Bull. 2007;34(3):408–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliksted V, Videbech P, Fagerlund B, et al. The effect of positive symptoms on social cognition in first-episode schizophrenia is modified by the presence of negative symptoms. Neuropsychology. 2017;31(2):209–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliksted V, Frith C, Videbech P, et al. Hyper- and hypomentalizing in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: fMRI and behavioral studies. Schizophr Bull. 2018. 45(2):377–384. doi:10.1093/schbul/sby027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savla G, Vella L, Armstrong CC, et al. Deficits in domains of social cognition in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39(5):979–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard A. Ethnopsychologies: cultural variations in theories of mind. Psychol Bull. 1998;123(1):3–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyes CM, Frith CD. The cultural evolution of mind reading. Science. 2014;344(6190):1243091–1243096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda T, Nisbett RE. Attending holistically versus analytically: comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;81(5):922–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi I, Dalal R, Kim-Prieto C, et al. Culture and judgement of causal relevance. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;84(1):46–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevost M, Carrier M, Chowne G, et al. The reading the mind in the eyes test: validation of a french version and exploration of cultural variations in a multi-ethnic city. Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2014;19(3):189–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams RB, Rule NO, Franklin RG, Jr, et al. Cross-cultural reading the mind in the eyes: an fMRI investigation. J Cogn Neurosci. 2010;22(1):97–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O'sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., ... & Scherer, K. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1987; 53(4), 712–717.
   Google Scholar
• Elfenbein HA, Ambady N. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2002;128(2):203–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalra G, Bhugra D, Shah N. Cultural aspects of schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24(5):441–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koelkebeck K, Wilhelm C. Cross-cultural aspects of social cognitive abilities in schizophrenia. In: P. H. Lysaker, G. Dimaggio, M. Brüne, editors. Social cognition and metacognition in schizophrenia: psychpathology and treatment approaches. Chapter xvi, 337 Pages. San Diego (CA): Elsevier Academic Press; 2014. p. 29–47.
   Google Scholar
• Lee SJ, Lee H, Kweon Y, et al. Deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia: a replication study with Korean subjects. Psychiatry Investig. 2010;7(4):291–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada T, Kubota Y, Sato W, et al. Common impairments of emotional facial expression recognition in schizophrenia across French and Japanese cultures. Front Psychol. 2015;1018:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Corbera S, Poltorak A, et al. Measuring theory of mind in schizophrenia research: cross-cultural validation. Schizophr Res. 2018;201:187–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkham AE, Kelsven S, Kouros C, et al. The effect of age, race, and sex on social cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017;205(5):346–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank CK. Linguistic effects on the neural basis of theory of mind. Open Neuroimag J. 2010;4:37–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brüne M. “Theory of mind” in schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Schizophr Bull. 2005;31(1):21–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horan WP, Nuechterlein KH, Wynn JK, et al. Disturbances in the spontaneous attribution of social meaning in schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2009;39(4):635–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanvicente-Vieira B, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R. Translation and adaptation of theory of mind tasks into Brazilian Portuguese. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2012;34(4):178–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang L, Li P, Mao H, et al. Theory of mind deficits partly mediate impaired social decision-making in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;1:17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Brüne M. Social cognition and behavior in schizophrenia. In: M Brüne, H Ribbert, W Schiefenhövel, editors. The social brain – evolution and pathology. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 2003. p. 277.
   Google Scholar
• Abell F, Happé F, Frith U. Do triangles play tricks? atribution of mental states to animated shapes in normal and abnormal development. Cogn Dev. 2000;15(1):1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell TA, Reynaud E, Herba C, et al. Do you see what I see? interpretations of intentional movement in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006;81(1):101–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe RSE, Goldberg TE, Harvey PD, et al. The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: reliability, sensitivity, and comparison with a standard neurocognitive battery. Schizophr Res. 2004;68(2-3):283–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe RSE, Harvey PD, Goldberg TE, et al. Norms and standardization of the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS). Schizophr Res. 2008;102(1-3):108–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler D. 1997. WAIS/WMS-III technical manual. San Antonio, TX: The psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen NC. 1984a. Scale of the assessment of negative symptoms: SANS. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen NC. 1984b. Scale of the assessment of positive symptoms: SAPS. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
   Google Scholar
• Akaike H. Akaike’s information criterion. In: M. Lovric, editor. International encyclopedia of statistical science. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; 2011. 1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers E, Farrell S. AIC model selection using Akaike weights. Psychon Bull Rev. 2004;11:192–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available from: http://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB. lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models. J Stat Soft. 2017;13:82.
   Google Scholar
• Harting F. DHARMa: residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed) regression models. R Package Version 0.2.6. 2016. https://rdrr.io/cran/DHARMa/
   Google Scholar
• Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Green MF, et al. The social cognition psychometric evaluation study: results of the expert survey and RAND panel. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40(4):813–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astington JW, Jenkins JM. A longitudinal study of the relation between language and theory-of-mind development. Dev Psychol. 1999;35(5):1311–1320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Villiers JG. Can language acquisition give children a point of view?. In: Astington J, Baird J, editors. Why language matters for theory of mind. Oxford: Oxford Press; 2005. p. 186–219.
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers J. The interface of language and theory of mind. Lingua. 2007;117(11):1858–1878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milligan K, Astington JW, Dack LA. Language and theory of mind: meta-analysis of the relation between language ability and false-belief understanding. Child Dev. 2007;78(2):622–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onishi KH, Baillargeon R. Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? Science. 2005;308(5719):255–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollebrandse B, van Hout AMH, Hendriks P. Proceedings of the Workshop on Reasoning About Other Minds: Logical and Cognitive Perspectives (RAOM-2011). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. van Eijck, J. & Verbrugge, R, editors. Vol. 751. p. 93–107. ; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Triandis HC, McCusker C, Hui CH. Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59(5):1006–1020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus HR, Kitayama S. Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychol Rev. 1991;98(2):224–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones CRG, Swettenham J, Charman T, et al. No evidence for a fundamental visual motion processing deficit in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res. 2011;4(5):347–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlova MA. Biological motion processing as a hallmark of social cognition. Cereb Cortex. 2012;22(5):981–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaskinn A, Sundet K, Østefjells T, et al. Reading emotions from body movement: a generalized impairment in schizophrenia. Front Psychol. 2016;6:2058, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Gelder B, Huis i, Veld E. Cultural differences in emotional expressions and body language. In: JY Chiao, S Li, R Seligman, et al., editors. The Oxford handbook of cultural neuroscience. Chapter xxi. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2016. p. 223–234.
   Google Scholar
• Eng GK, Lam M, Bong YL, et al. Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: normative data in an English-speaking ethnic Chinese sample. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2013;28(8):845–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeramun-Aubeeluck A, Liu N, Fischer F, et al. Effect of time and duration of untreated psychosis on cognitive and social functioning in Chinese patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a 1-year study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69(4):254–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar