315
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Adults referred to a national ADHD clinic in Iceland: clinical characteristics and follow-up status

, , , &
Pages 559-567 | Received 12 Oct 2020, Accepted 09 Mar 2021, Published online: 11 Apr 2021

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.). Alington (VA): American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • McGough JJ, Smalley SL, McCracken JT, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families. Am J Psych. 2005;162(9):1621–1627.
  • Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Faraone SV, et al. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: key conceptual issues. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(6):568–578.
  • Lara C, Fayyad J, de Graaf R, et al. Childhood predictors of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;65(1):46–54.
  • Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. Am J Psych. 2000;157(5):816–818.
  • Wilens TE, Biederman J, Faraone SV, et al. Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(11):1557–1562.
  • Soendergaard HM, Thomsen PH, Pedersen E, et al. Associations of age, gender, and subtypes with ADHD symptoms and related comorbidity in a Danish sample of clinically referred adults. J Atten Disord. 2016;20(11):925–933.
  • Fredriksen M, Dahl AA, Martinsen EW, et al. Effectiveness of one-year pharmacological treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an open-label prospective study of time in treatment, dose, side-effects and comorbidity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;24(12):1873–1884.
  • Brod M, Perwien A, Adler L, et al. Conceptualization and assessment of quality of life for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Primary Psychiatry. 2005;12(6):58–64.
  • Thorell LB, Holst Y, Sjöwall D. Quality of life in older adults with ADHD: links to ADHD symptom levels and executive functioning deficits. Nord J Psychiatry. 2019;73(7):409–416.
  • Piñeiro-Dieguez B, Balanzá-Martínez V, García-García P, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity at the time of diagnosis in adults with ADHD: the CAT study. J Atten Disord. 2016;20(12):1066–1075.
  • Yoshimasu K, Barbaresi WJ, Colligan RC, et al. Adults with persistent ADHD: gender and psychiatric comorbidities—a population-based longitudinal study. Euro Psych. 2016;33:S136–S137.
  • Murphy K, Barkley RA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Compr Psychiatry. 1996;37(6):393–401.
  • Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Moulton JL. Lifetime criminality among boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective follow-up study into adulthood using official arrest records. Psychiatry Res. 2008;160(3):237–246.
  • Erskine HE, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55(10):841–850.
  • Kuriyan AB, Pelham WE, Molina BS, et al. Young adult educational and vocational outcomes of children diagnosed with ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013;41(1):27–41.
  • Halmøy A, Fasmer OB, Gillberg C, et al. Occupational outcome in adult ADHD: impact of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment: a cross-sectional study of 414 clinically diagnosed adult ADHD patients. J Atten Disord. 2009;13(2):175–187.
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 2018.
  • Konstenius M, Jayaram-Lindström N, Guterstam J, et al. Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug relapse in criminal offenders with substance dependence: a 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 2014;109(3):440–449.
  • Barkley RA. Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV). New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2011.
  • Magnússon P, Smári J, Sigurðardóttir D, et al. Validity of self-report and informant rating scales of adult ADHD symptoms in comparison with a semistructured diagnostic interview. J Atten Disord. 2006;9(3):494–503.
  • Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–343.
  • Ingimarsson B. Próffræðilegt mat á DASS sjálfsmatskvarðanum. Þunglyndi, kvíði og streita. (Psychometric Properties of the DASS Self-report scale. Depression, anxiety and stress). Cand. Psych. Dissertation, University of Iceland. 2010. Retrieved from http://skemman.is/handle/1946/5411
  • Kristjánsdóttir H, Sigurðsson BH, Salkovskis P, et al. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Icelandic Version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, its transdiagnostic utility and cross-cultural validation. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2015;22(1):64–74.
  • Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio. 1996;78(2):490–498.
  • Arnarson ÞÖ, Ólason DÞ, Smári J, et al. The Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II): psychometric properties in Icelandic student and patient populations. Nord J Psychiatry. 2008;62(5):360–365.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, et al. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–897.
  • Saemundsson BR, Þórsdóttir F, Kristjánsdóttir H, et al. Psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in a clinical and a student population. Euro J Psychol Assess. 2011;27(2):133–141.
  • Amorim P, Lecrubier Y, Weiller E, et al. DSM-IH-R Psychotic Disorders: procedural validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Concordance and causes for discordance with the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry. 1998;13(1):26–34.
  • Lecrubier Y, Sheehan DV, Weiller E, et al. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. Eur Psychiatr. 1997;12(5):224–231.
  • Sigurðsson BH. 2008. Samanburður á geðgreiningarviðtölum og tveimur sjálfsmatskvörðum:MINI, CIDI, PHQ og DASS. Cand. Psych. Dissertation, University of Iceland, 2008.
  • Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(7):980–988.
  • Zoega H, Furu K, Halldorsson M, et al. Use of ADHD drugs in the Nordic countries: a population-based comparison study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2011;123(5):360–367.
  • Landshagir. Statistical Yearbook of Iceland. Hagstofa Íslands (Iceland): Statistics Iceland; 2015.
  • Stefánsson JG, Líndal E. The prevalence of mental disorders in the Greater-Reykjavik area. Icel Med J 2009; 95: 559-64. 2009. Retrieved from http://lsh.openrepository.com/lsh/handle/2336/85020
  • Gudjónsson GH, Sigurðsson JF, Eyjólfsdóttir GA, et al. The relationship between satisfaction with life, ADHD symptoms, and associated problems among university students. J Attention Disord. 2009;12(6):507–515.
  • Michelson D, Adler L, Spencer T, et al. Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53(2):112–120.
  • Rösler M, Fischer R, Ammer R, et al. A randomised, placebo-controlled, 24-week, study of low-dose extended-release methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;259(2):120–129.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.