2,602
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Changing Urban Climate and CO2 Emissions: Implications for the Development of Policies for Sustainable Cities

, &
Pages 27-47 | Received 20 May 2007, Accepted 23 Oct 2009, Published online: 06 Jan 2010

References

  • ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2001) 2001 Census, Australia
  • Adger , W. N. , Arnell , N. W. and Tompkins , E. L. 2005 . Successful adaptation to climate change across scales . Global Environmental Change , 15 : 77 – 86 .
  • Anderson , C. and Anderson , K. 1998 . “ Temperature and aggression: paradox, controversy, and a (fairly) clear picture ” . In Human Aggression: Theories, Research and Implications for Social Policy , Edited by: Geen , R. G. and Donnerstein , E. D. San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
  • Arnfield , A. J. 2003 . Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island . International Journal of Climatology , 23 : 1 – 26 .
  • Baldocchi , D. 2008 . TURNER REVIEW No. 15. ‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems . Australian Journal of Botany , 56 : 1 – 26 .
  • Bernstein , J. A. , Alexis , N. , Barnes , C. , Bernstein , I. L. , Bernstein , J. A. , Nel , A. , Peden , D. , Diaz-Sanchez , D. , Tarlo , S. M. and Williams , P. B. 2004 . Health effects of air pollution . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 114 : 1116 – 1123 .
  • BOM (Bureau of Meteorology) (2008) Climate data online. Available at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/ (accessed 27 April 2008)
  • Brack , C. L. 2002 . Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest . Environmental Pollution , 116 : S195 – S200 .
  • Christen , A. and Vogt , R. 2004 . Energy and radiation balance of a central European city . International Journal of Climatology , 24 : 1395 – 1421 .
  • Coutts , A. M. , Beringer , J. and Tapper , N. J. 2007a . Characteristics influencing the variability of urban CO2 fluxes in Melbourne, Australia . Atmospheric Environment , 41 : 51 – 62 .
  • Coutts , A. M. , Beringer , J. and Tapper , N. J. 2007b . Impact of increasing urban density on local climate: spatial and temporal variations in the surface energy balance in Melbourne, Australia . Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology , 46 : 477 – 493 .
  • Coutts , A. M. , Beringer , J. and Tapper , N. J. 2008 . Investigating the climatic impact of urban planning strategies through the use of regional climate modeling: a case study for Melbourne, Australia . International Journal of Climatology , 28 : 1943 – 1947 .
  • CSIRO & BOM (Australian Bureau of Meteorology) . 2007 . Climate Change in Australia: Technical Report 2007 , 148 Collingwood : CSIRO .
  • DSE (Department of Sustainability and Environment) . 2002 . Melbourne 2030: Planning for Sustainable Growth , 192 Melbourne : State of Victoria .
  • Eliasson , I. 2000 . The use of climate knowledge in urban planning . Landscape and Urban Planning , 48 : 31 – 44 .
  • European Environment Agency (2005) The European Environment—State and Outlook, 2005, State of Environment Report No. 1/2005 (Copenhagen)
  • Fehrenbach , U. , Scherer , D. and Parlow , E. 2001 . Automated classification of planning objectives for the consideration of climate and air quality in urban and regional planning for the example of the region of Basel/Switzerland . Atmospheric Environment , 35 : 5605 – 5615 .
  • Füssel , H. M. 2007 . Adaptation planning for climate change: concepts, assessment approaches, and key lessons . Sustainability Science , 2 : 265 – 275 .
  • Harlan , S. L. , Brazel , A. J. , Prashad , L. , Stefanov , W. L. and Larsen , L. 2006 . Neighbourhood microclimates and vulnerability to heat stress . Social Science & Medicine , 63 : 2847 – 2863 .
  • Hurley, P. J. (2005) The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) Version 3. Part 1: Technical description, CSIRO Atmospheric Research Technical Paper No. 71
  • IPCC . 2007 . “ Summary for policymakers ” . In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Edited by: Solomon , S. , Qin , D. , Manning , M. , Chen , Z. , Marquis , M. , Averyt , K. B. , Tignor , M. and Miller , H. L. Cambridge and New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Luxmoore , D. A. , Jayasinghe , M. T. R. and Mahendran , M. 2005 . Mitigating temperature increases in high lot density sub-tropical residential developments . Energy and Buildings , 37 : 1212 – 1224 .
  • Lyth , A. 2006 . Climate proofing Australian urban planning: working towards successful adaptation . Australian Planner , 43 : 12 – 14 .
  • McMichael , A. J. , Woodruff , R. E. and Hales , S. 2006 . Climate change and human health: present and future risks . Lancet , 367 : 859 – 869 .
  • Mills , G. 2005 . Progress toward sustainable settlements: a role for urban climatology . Theoretical and Applied Climatology , 84 : 69 – 76 .
  • Mitchell , V. G. , Cleugh , H. A. , Grimmond , C. S. B. and Xu , J. 2008 . Linking urban water balance and energy balance models to analyse urban design options . Hydrological Process , 22 : 2891 – 2900 .
  • Morris , C. J. G. , Simmonds , I. and Plummer , N. 2001 . Quantification of the influences of wind and cloud on the nocturnal urban heat island of a large city . Journal of Applied Meteorology , 40 : 169 – 182 .
  • Newman , P. and Kenworthy , J. 1999 . Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence , Washington, DC : Island Press .
  • Nicholls , N. , Skinner , C. , Loughnan , M. and Tapper , N. 2008 . A simple heat alert system for Melbourne, Australia . International Journal of Biometeorology , 52 : 375 – 384 .
  • Oke , T. R. 1982 . The energetic basis of the urban heat island . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 108 : 1 – 24 .
  • Oke , T. R. 1987 . Boundary Layer Climates , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Oke , T. R. 1988 . The urban energy balance . Progress in Physical Geography , 12 : 471 – 508 .
  • Rankin , D. W. 1959 . Mortality associated with heat wave conditions in the Melbourne metropolitan area, January and February, 1959 . Australian Meteorological Magazine , 26 : 96 – 98 .
  • Rosenfeld , A. H. , Akbari , H. , Romm , J. J. and Pomerantz , M. 1998 . Cool communities: strategies for heat island mitigation and smog reduction . Energy and Buildings , 28 : 51 – 62 .
  • Smit , B. , Burton , I. , Klein , R. J. T. and Street , R. 1999 . The science of adaptation: a framework for assessment . Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change , 4 : 199 – 213 .
  • Smoyer-Tomic , K. E. , Kuhn , R. and Hudson , A. 2003 . Heat wave hazards: an overview of heat wave impacts in Canada . Natural Hazards , 28 : 463 – 485 .
  • Solecki , W. D. , Rosenzweig , C. , Parshall , L. , Pope , G. , Clark , M. , Cox , J. and Wiencke , M. 2005 . Mitigation of the heat island effect in urban New Jersey . Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards , 6 : 39 – 49 .
  • Stewart , I. D. 2000 . Influence of meteorological conditions on the intensity and form of the urban heat island effect in Regina . Canadian Geographer—Geographe Canadien , 44 : 271 – 285 .
  • Stone , B. 2005 . Urban heat and air pollution—an emerging role for planners in the climate change debate . Journal of the American Planning Association , 71 : 13 – 25 .
  • Stone , B. and Rodgers , M. O. 2001 . Urban form and thermal efficiency—how the design of cities influences the urban heat island effect . Journal of the American Planning Association , 67 : 186 – 198 .
  • Torok , S. J. , Morris , C. J. G. , Skinner , C. and Plummer , N. 2001 . Urban heat island features of southeast Australian towns . Australian Meteorological Magazine , 50 : 1 – 13 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.