Publication Cover
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
An International Geoscience Journal of the Geological Society of Australia
Volume 61, 2014 - Issue 3: Geological Advances in the Sydney Basin
321
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Constraining timing of brittle deformation and fault gouge formation in the Sydney Basin

, &
Pages 337-350 | Received 12 Jul 2013, Accepted 09 Mar 2014, Published online: 15 May 2014

REFERENCES

  • Bai G. P., Hamilton P. J., Eadington P. J. & Keene J. B. 2001. Fluid flow histories and diagenesis in Permo-Triassic sediments of the Sydney Basin, SE Australia; isotope and fluid inclusion constraints. In: Hill K. C. & Bernecker T. eds. Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium: a refocussed energy perspective for the future, pp. 251–261. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia Special Publication, Vol. 1. Melbourne Vic.
  • Bailey J. 2013. Wallarah 2 Coal Project. Environmental Impact Statement: Appendix C, Geology Report. Hansen Bailey Environmental Consultants, Singleton NSW, 51 p.
  • Bamberry W. J. 1991. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the late Permian Illawarra Coal Measures, Southern Sydney Basin, New South Wales. PhD thesis, Department of Geology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong ( unpubl.).
  • Berryman K., Webb T., A. N., W. S. & M. S. 2005. Observations on faulting in the Sydney area reconciled with the seismicity rates. In: Clark D. ed. Potential geologic sources of seismic hazard in the Sydney Basin: Proceedings volume of the one day workshop, Vol. 2009/11, Geoscience Australia Record.
  • Blayden I. D. 1970. On the Structural Evolution of the Macquarie Syncline, New South Wales. PhD thesis, Department of Geology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle ( unpubl.).
  • Bonhomme M. G., Thuizat R., Pinault Y., Clauer N., Wendling R. & Winkler R. 1975. Méthode de datation potassium-argon. Appareillage et technique ( Note Tech. Inst. Geologie, Vol. 3), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg.
  • Brown K., Casey D. A., Enever J. R., Facer R. A. & Wright K. 1996. New South Wales coal seam methane potential (Vol. Bulletin 2), New South Wales Department of Mineral Resources Petroleum. Bulletin 2, viii, 96 p. Maitland NSW.
  • Bryan J. H. 1965. Sydney 1:250 000 Geological Series SI/56-5, 3rd Edition (3rd edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Bryan S. E., Constantine A. E., Stephens C. J., Ewart A., SchÖN R. W. & Parianos J. 1997. Early Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary successions along the eastern Australian continental margin: Implications for the break-up of eastern Gondwana. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 153, 85–102.
  • Bryan S. E., Cook A. G., Allen C. M., Siegel C., Purdy D. J., Greentree J. S. & Uysal I. T. 2012. Early–mid Cretaceous tectonic evolution of eastern Gondwana: From silicic LIP magmatism to continental rupture. Episodes 35, 142–152.
  • Campbell L. M., Conaghan P. J. & Flood R. H. 2001. Flow-field and palaeogeographic reconstruction of volcanic activity in the Permian Gerringong volcanic complex, southern Sydney Basin, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, 357–375.
  • Carr P. F. & Facer R. A. 1980. Radiometric ages of some igneous rocks from the southern and southwestern coalfields of New South Wales. Search 11, 382–383.
  • Clark N. R. & Jones D. C. 1991. Penrith 1:100 000 Geological Sheet 9030, 1st edition (1st edition). Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Clauer N. & Chaudhuri S. 1995. Clays and Crustal Cycles: isotope dating and tracing. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg-New York.
  • Clauer N., Zwingmann H., Liewig N. & Wendling R. 2012 Comparative 40Ar/39Ar and K–Ar dating of illite-type clay minerals: A tentative explanation for age identities and differences. Earth-Science Reviews 115, 76–96.
  • Crank J. 1975. The mathematics of diffussion (2nd edition), Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Creasey J. W. & Huntington J. F. 1985. Lineament patterns of the Sydney Basin; an overview. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Newcastle Symposium on Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia, pp. 12–14. University of Newcastle, Department of Geology.
  • Dunlop D. J., Ozdemir O. & Schmidt P. W. 1997. Paleomagnetism and paleothermometry of the Sydney Basin; 2, Origin of anomalously high unblocking temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets 102, 27,285–227,295.
  • Embleton B. J. J., Schmidt P. W., Hamilton G. H. & Riley G. H. 1985. Dating volcanism in the Sydney Basin: evidence from K–Ar ages and palaeomagnetism. In: Sutherland F. L., Franklin B. J. & Waltho A. E. eds. Volcanism in eastern Australia: with case histories from New South Wales, Vol. 1, NSW Division, Geological Society of Australia, Sydney, pp. 59–73.
  • Gaina C., Müller D. R., Royer J.-Y., Stock J., Hardebeck J. & Symonds P. 1998. The tectonic history of the Tasman Sea: A puzzle with 13 pieces. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, 12413–12433.
  • Gleadow A. J. W., Kohn B. P., Brown R. W., O’Sullivan P. B. & Raza A. 2002. Fission track thermotectonic imaging of the Australian continent. Tectonophysics 349, 5–21.
  • Glen R. A. & Beckett J. 1993. Hunter Coalfield Regional Geology 1:100 000, 2nd Edition (2nd edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Guggenheim S., Bain D. C., Bergaya F., Brigatti M. F., Drits V. A., Eberl D. D., Formoso M. L. L., GalÁn, E., Merriman R. J., Peacor D. R., Stanjeck H. & Watanabe T. 2002. Report of the Association Internationale pour L’etude des Argiles (AIPEA) Nomenclature Committee for 2001: Order, disorder, and crystallinity in phyllosilicates and the use of the ‘crystallinity’ index. Clay Minerals 37, 389.
  • Harrison T. M., Célérier J., Aikman A. B., Hermann J. & Heizler M. T. 2009. Diffusion of 40Ar in muscovite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, 1039–1051.
  • Hawley S. P., Glen R. A. & Baker C. J. 1995. Newcastle Coalfield Regional Geology 1:100 000, 1st edition (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Herbert C. 1980. Depositional development of the Sydney Basin. In: Herbert C. & Helby R. eds. A guide to the Sydney Basin, Vol. 26, Geological Survey of New South Wales, Department of Mineral Resources, Sydney, pp. 11–52.
  • Herbert C. 1983. Sydney 1:100 000 Geological Sheet 9130, 1st edition (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Hess J. C. & Lippolt H. J. 1994. Compilation of K/Ar measurements on HD-B1 standard biotite; 1994 status report. In: Odin G. S. ed. Phanerozoic Time Scale, Bulletin de Liaison et d’information, International Union of Geological Sciences, pp. 19–23. Paris.
  • Hetzel R., Zwingmann H., Mulch A., Gessner K., Akal C., Hampel A., Güngör T., Petschick R., Mikes T. & Wedin F. 2013. Spatiotemporal evolution of brittle normal faulting and fluid infiltration in detachment fault systems: A case study from the Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Tectonics 32, 364–376.
  • Hirata T., Lizuka T. & Orihashi Y. 2005. Reduction of mercury background on ICP-mass spectrometry for in situ U–Pb age determination of zircon samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 20, 696–701.
  • Hubble T. C. T., Packham G. H., Hendry D. A. F. & Mcdougall I. 1992. Granitic and monzonitic rocks dredged from the Southeast Australian continental margin. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 619–630.
  • Huon S., Cornee J. J., Pique A., Rais N., Clauer N., Liewig N. & Zayane R. 1993. Mise en evidence au Maroc d’evenements thermiques d’age triasico-liasique lies a l’ouverture de l’Atlantique. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 164, 165–176.
  • Kisch H. J. 1991. Illite crystallinity: recommendations on sample preparation, X-ray diffraction settings, and interlaboratory samples. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 665–670.
  • Kramer W., Weatherall G. & Offler R. 2001. Origin and correlation of tuffs in the Permian Newcastle and Wollombi Coal Measures, NSW, Australia, using chemical fingerprinting. International Journal of Coal Geology 47, 115–135.
  • Krumm S. & Buggisch W. 1991. Sample preparation effects on illite crystallinity measurement: grain-size gradation and particle orientation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 671–677.
  • Kübler B. 1968. Evaluation quantitative du metamorphisme par la cristallinitie de l’illite. Centre de Recherche de Pau, Societe National des Petroles d’Aquitaine Bulletin 2, 385–397.
  • Liewig N., Clauer N. & Sommer F. 1987. Rb–Sr and K–Ar dating of clay diagenesis in Jurassic sandstone oil reservoirs, North Sea. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 71, 1467–1474.
  • Little M. 1998. Stratigraphic analysis of the Newcastle Coal Measures, Sydney Basin, Australia. PhD thesis, Department of Geology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle ( unpubl.).
  • Lohe E. M., Mcclennan T. P. T., Sullivan T. D., Soole P. & Mallett C. W. 1992. Sydney Basin—Geological structure and mining conditions assessment for mine planning, CSIRO, Division of Geomechanics - Institute of Minerals, Energy and Construction, Sydney.
  • Mauger A. J., Creasey J. W. & Huntington J. F. 1984. Summary and discussion for Extracts and Notes on the 1:100 000 Sheet series. The use of pre-development data for mine design: Sydney Basin Fracture Pattern Analysis. CSIRO, North Ryde NSW.
  • Maung T. U. 1997. Offshore Sydney Basin. Petroleum Prospectivity. Bulletin, Bureau of Resource Sciences 97-01, 86.
  • Maxwell S. 1988. Geochemistry, structural characteristics and distribution of igneous intrusives in the Newcastle–Central Coast area of New South Wales. BSc(Hons) thesis, Department of Geology, University of New South Wales, Sydney ( unpubl.).
  • McDougall I. & Harrison T. M. 1999. Geochronology and thermochronology by the 40Ar/39Ar method (2nd edition), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • McDougall I. & Roksandic Z. 1974. Total fusion 40Ar/39Ar ages using HIFAR reactor. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 21, 81–89.
  • Memarian H. & Fergusson C. L. 2003. Multiple fracture sets in the southeastern Permian–Triassic Sydney Basin, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, 49–61.
  • Merriman R. J. & Frey M. 1999. Pattern of very low-grade metamorphism in metapelitic rocks. In: Frey M. & Robinson D. eds. Low-grade metamorphism, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, pp. 61–107.
  • Metcalfe I., Nicoll R. S., Crowley J., Ives M., Mantle D., Ruming K., Huyskens M. & Foster C. B. 2011. New middle Permian–early Triassic U–Pb zircon CA-IDTIMS isotopic ages of tuffs in the Sydney Basin, Australia. International calibration of stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, p. 92. ICCP Bowen Basin.
  • Middleton M. F. & Schmidt P. W. 1982. Paleothermometry of the Sydney Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 87, 5351–5359.
  • Mills K., Moelle K. & Branagan D. 1989. Faulting near Mooney Mooney Bridge, NSW. Proceedings of the Twenty Third Newcastle Symposium on Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia, pp. 217–224. Newcastle University, Department of Geology.
  • Moffit R. S. 1999. Southern Coalfield Regional Geology 1:100 000, 1st edition (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Nicol A., Berryman K., Langridge R., Cox S., Volk P. & Hill N. 2002. ANSTO Replacement Research Reactor Project Tasks 1 & 2 - Site fault assessment. GNS Client Report 2002/103. Lower Hutt NZ.
  • Norman A. R. & Creasey J. W. 1985. Structural analysis of the Ku-Ring-Gai Berowra area. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Newcastle Symposium on Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia, pp. 19–22. University of Newcastle, Department of Geology.
  • Och D. J., Offler R., Zwingmann H., Braybrooke J. & Graham I. T. 2009. Timing of brittle faulting and thermal events, Sydney region: association with the early stages of extension of East Gondwana. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 873–887.
  • Och D. J., Graham I. T., Zwingmann H., Offler R. & Sutherland F. L. 2010. Significance of the Era Beach Dyke and Fault Zone, Royal National Park, NSW. In: Hutton A., Ward C. & Bowman H. eds. Proceedings of the 37th Symposium on the geology of the Sydney Basin, p. 29, Hunter Valley.
  • Odin G. S., Adams C. J., Armstrong R. L., Bagdasaryan G. P., Baksi A. K., Balogh K., Barnes I. L., Boelrijk N. A. L. M., Bonadonna F. P., Bonhomme M. G., Cassignol C., Chanin L., Gillot P. Y., Gledhill A., Govindaraju K., Harakal R., Harre W., Hebeda E. H., Hunziker J. C., Ingamells C. O., Kawashita K., Kiss E., Kreutzer H., Long L. E., Mcdougall I., Mcdowell F., Mehnert H., Montigny R., Pasteels P., Radicati F., Rex D. C., Rundle C. C., Savelli C., Sonet J., Welin E. & Zimmermann J. L. eds. 1982. Interlaboratory Standards for Dating Purposes ( Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy), pp. 123–149. Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
  • Offler R., Och D. J., Phelan D. & Zwingmann H. 2009. Mineralogy of gouge in north-northeast-striking faults, Sydney region, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 889–905.
  • O’Sullivan P. B., Coyle D. A., Gleadow A. J. W. & Kohn B. P. 1996. Late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic thermotectonic history of the Sydney Basin and the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 43, 424–432.
  • Parianos J., Bryan S., Ewart A. & Schon R. W. 1993. Early Cretaceous rift volcanics of the Central Queensland coast. Proceedings of the New England Orogen, eastern Australia Neo ‘93 Conference The University of New England, Armidale, pp. 655–663. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale.
  • Pevear D. R., Vrolijk P. J. & Longstaffe F. J. 1997. Timing of Moab Fault displacement and fluid movement integrated with burial history using radiogenic and stable isotopes. GEOFLUIDS II ‘97 Extended Abstracts, pp. 42–45.
  • Rasmus P. L., Rose D. M. & Rose G. 1969. Singleton 1:250 000 Geological Sheet SI/56-01, 1st edition (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Raza A., Hill K. C. & Korsch R. J. 2009. Mid-Cretaceous uplift and denudation of the Bowen and Surat Basins, eastern Australia: relationship to Tasman Sea rifting from apatite fission-track and vitrinite-reflectance data. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 501–531.
  • Robbins G. A. 1972. Radiogenic Argon Diffusion in Muscovite Under Hydrothermal Conditions. MSc thesis, Brown University. Providence, RI.
  • Rose G. 1966. Wollongong 1:250 000 Geological Series Sheet SI/56-9, 2nd Edition (2nd edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Rose G., Jones W. H. & Kennedy D. R. 1966. Newcastle 1:250 000 Geological Sheet SI/56-02 (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Scheibner E. & Basden H. 1998. Geology of New South Wales: synthesis. ( Geological evolution, Vol. Vol. 2). Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Steiger R. H. & Jäger E. 1977. Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36, 359–362.
  • Stroud W. J., Sherwin L., Roy H. N. & Baker C. J. 1985. Wollongong—Port Hacking 1:100 000 Geological Sheet 9029 & 9129, 1st edition (1st edition), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
  • Viola G., Zwingmann H., Mattila J. & Käpyaho A. 2013. K–Ar illite age constraints on the Proterozoic formation and reactivation history of a brittle fault in Fennoscandia. Terra Nova 25, 236–244.
  • Vrolijk P. & Van der Pluijm B. A. 1999. Clay gouge. Journal of Structural Geology 21, 1039–1048.
  • Warr L. N. & Rice A. H. N. 1994. Interlaboratory standardization and calibration of day mineral crystallinity and crystallite size data. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 12, 141–152.
  • Watson E. B. & Baxter E. F. 2007. Diffusion in solid-Earth systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 253, 307–327.
  • Whitehouse J. & Branagan D. F. 1998. Geology at Kimbriki recycling and waste depot. Proceedings of the Thirty Second Newcastle Symposium on Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia, pp. 63–69. University of Newcastle, Department of Geology.
  • Wijbrans J. R. & McDougall I. 1986. 40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from an Alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece): the resetting of the argon isotopic system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 93, 187–194.
  • Yamasaki S., Zwingmann H., Yamada K., Tagami T. & Umeda K. 2013. Constraining the timing of brittle deformation and faulting in the Toki granite, central Japan. Chemical Geology 351, 168–174.
  • Zwingmann H. 2001. Response to Consideration by Geoscience Australia of ANSTO submission to ARPANSA on Site Geological Investigations of Lucas Heights.
  • Zwingmann H. & Mancktelow N. 2004. Timing of Alpine fault gouges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 223, 415–425.
  • Zwingmann H., Offler R., Wilson T. & Cox S. F. 2004. K–Ar dating of fault gouge in the northern Sydney Basin, NSW, Australia—implications for the breakup of Gondwana. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 2285–2295.
  • Zwingmann H., Mancktelow N., Antognini M. & Lucchini R. 2010a. Dating of shallow faults: New constraints from the Alp Transit tunnel site (Switzerland). Geology 38, 487–490.
  • Zwingmann H., Yamada K. & Tagami T. 2010b. Timing of brittle deformation within the Nojima fault zone, Japan. Chemical Geology 275, 176–185.
  • Zwingmann H., Han R. & Ree J. H. 2011. Cretaceous reactivation of the Deokpori Thrust, Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea, constrained by K–Ar dating of clayey fault gouge. Tectonics 30, 13.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.