A new period of volcanogenic massive sulfide formation in the Yilgarn: a volcanological study of the ca 2.76 Ga Hollandaire VMS deposit, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

REFERENCES

• Allen S. R. & McPhie J. 2003. Phenocryst fragments in rhyolitic lavas and lava domes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 126, 263–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amelin Y., Kaltenbach A., Iizuka T., Stirling C. H., Ireland T. R., Petaev M. & Jacobsen S. B. 2010. U–Pb chronology of the Solar System's oldest solids with variable 238U/235U. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 300, 343–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amelin Y., Lee D. C., Halliday A. N. & Pidgeon R. T. 1999. Nature of the Earth's earliest crust from hafnium isotopes in single detrital zircons. Nature 399, 252–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson S. W., Stofan E. R., Plaut J. J. & Crown D. A. 1998. Block size distributions on silicic lava flow surfaces: Implications for emplacement conditions. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110, 1258–1267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashley P. M., Dudley R. J., Lesh R. H., Marr J. M. & Ryall A. W. 1988. The Scuddles Cu–Zn Prospect, an Archean volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Golden Grove district, Western Australia. Economic Geology 83, 918–951.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barley M. E. 1992. A review of Archean volcanic-hosted massive sulfide and sulfate mineralization in Western Australia. Economic Geology 87, 855–872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrie C. D. & Hannington M. D. 1999. Classification of volcanic-associated massive sulphide deposits based on host-rock composition. In: Barrie C. T. & Hannington M. D. eds. Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits: Processes and examples in modern and ancient settings. Reviews in Economic Geology 8, 1–11. Littleton, CO, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Barrie C. D., Boyle A. P. & Prior D. J. 2007. An analysis of the microstructures developed in experimentally deformed polycrystalline pyrite and minor sulphide phases using electron backscatter diffraction. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 1494–1511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrie C. D., Cook N. J. & Boyle A. P. 2010. Textural variation in the pyrite-rich ore deposits of the Roros district, Trondheim Region, Norway: implications for pyrite deformation mechanisms. Mineralium Deposita 45, 51–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodorkos S., Love G. J., Nelson D. R. & Wingate M. T. D. 2006. 179239: porphyritic metadacite, Montague Well; Geochronology dataset 647. Compliation of geochronology data, June 2006 update. Western Australia Geological Survey, Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Bouma A. H. 1962. Sedimentology of some flysch deposits; a graphic approach to facies interpretation, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy K. F., Champion D. C., Krapež B., Barley M. E., Brown S. J. A., Blewett R. S., Groenewald P. B. & Tyler I. M. 2006. A revised geological framework for the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Western Australia Geological Record 2008/8. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth WA, 8 p.
   Google Scholar
• Clifton H. E. & Dingler J. R. 1984. Wave-formed structures and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Marine Geology 60, 165–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarnota K., Champion D. C., Goscombe B., Blewett R. S., Cassidy K. F., Henson P. A. & Groenewald P. B. 2010. Geodynamics of the eastern Yilgarn Craton. Precambrian Research 183, 175–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis L. 2013. AMEC Convention: Silver Lake Resources Operations Report. (unpublished) Perth, Western Australia.
   Google Scholar
• de Ronde C. E. J., Hannington M. D., Stoffers P., Wright I. C., Ditchburn R. G., Reyes A. G., Baker E. T., Massoth G. J., Lupton J. E., Walker S. L., Greene R. R., Soong C. W. R., Ishibashi J., Lebon G. T., Bray C. J. & Resing J. A. 2005. Evolution of a submarine magmatic–hydrothermal system: Brothers Volcano, Southern Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology 100, 1097–1133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle M. G. & Allen R. L. 2003. Subsea-floor replacement in volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 23, 183–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube B., Mercier-Langevin P., Hannington M. D., Lafrance B., Gosselin G. & Gosselin P. 2007. The LaRonde Penna world-class Au-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Abitibi, Québec: mineralogy and geochemistry of alteration and implications for genesis and exploration. Economic Geology 102, 633–666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube B., Mercier-Langevin P., Kjarsgaard I., Hannington M. D., Becu V., Cote J., Moorhead J., Legault M. & Bedard J. H. 2014. The Bousquet 2-Dumagami world-class Archean Au-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Abitibi, Quebec: metamorphosed submarine advanced argillic alteration footprint and genesis. Economic Geology 109, 121–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher I. M. & McNaughton N. J. 2002. Granitoid geochronology: SHRIMP zircon and titanite data. In: Cassidy K. F., Champion D. C., McNaughton N. J., Fletcher I. R., Whitaker A. J., Bastrakova I. V. & Budd A. R. eds. The characterisation and metallogenic significance of Archean granitoids of the Yilgarn Craton. AMIRA Project no. 482, pp. 1–156. Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia, Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Folk R. L. 1984. Petrology and sedimentology of rocks, Hemphillis, Austin, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin J. M., Gibson H. L., Jonasson I. R. & Galley A. G. 2005. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 523–560.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin J. M., Sangster D. F. & Lydon J. W. 1981. Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 75th Anniversary Volume, 485–627.
   Google Scholar
• Galley A. G., Hannington M. D. & Jonasson I. R. 2007. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. In: Goodfellow W. D. ed. Mineral deposits of Canada: a synthesis of major deposit-types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods, pp. 141–161. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication no. 5. St. John's, NL, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Gemmell J. B. & Fulton R. 2001. Geology, genesis, and exploration implications of the footwall and hanging-wall alteration associated with the Hellyer volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit, Tasmania, Australia. Economic Geology 96, 1003–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geological Survey of Western Australia. 2014. Compilation of geochronology information. Geological Survey of Western Australia, digital data package, Perth WA. http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/9713.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Grant J. A. 2005. Isocon analysis: a brief review of the method and applications. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 30, 997–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannington M. D., De Ronde C. E. J. & Petersen S. 2005. Sea-floor tectonics and submarine hydrothermal systems. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 111–141.
   Google Scholar
• Hart T. R., Gibson H. L. & Lesher C. M. 2004. Trace element geochemistry and petrogenesis of felsic volcanic rocks associated with volcanogenic massive Cu–Pb–Zn sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 99, 1003–1013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrich R. & Huneke H. 2011. Hemipelagic advection and periplatform sedimentation. In: Huneke H. & Mulder T. eds. Developments in sedimentology, pp. 353–396. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Hollis S. P., Yeats C. J., Wyche S., Barnes S. J., Ivanic T. J., Belford S. M., Davidson G. J., Roache A. J. & Wingate M. T. D. 2014. A review of volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) mineralization in the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: tectonic, stratigraphic and geochemical associations. Precambrian Research, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huneke H. & Henrich R. 2011. Pelagic sedimentation in modern and ancient oceans. In: Huneke H. & Mulder T. eds. Developments in sedimentology, pp. 215–351. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Huston D. L., Champion D. C. & Cassidy K. 2014. Tectonic controls on the endowment of Neoarchean cratons in volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits: evidence from lead and neodymium isotopes. Economic Geology 109, 11–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingram P. A. J. 1976. Eelya joint venture 1976 exploration programme year end report, 170 pp. Aquitaine Australia Minerals Pty. Ltd. and Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Australasia Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Ivanic T. J., Van Kranendonk M. J., Kirkland C. L., Wyche S., Wingate M. T. D. & Belousova E. A. 2012. Zircon Lu–Hf isotopes and granite geochemistry of the Murchison Domain of the Yilgarn Craton: Evidence for reworking of Eoarchean crust during Meso–Neoarchean plume-driven magmatism. Lithos 148, 112–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanic T. J., Wingate M. T. D., Kirkland C. L., Van Kranendonk M. J. & Wyche S. 2010. Age and significance of voluminous mafic–ultramafic magmatic events in the Murchison Domain, Yilgarn Craton. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 597–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen L. S. 1976. A new cation plot for classifying subalkalic volcanic rocks. Ontario Division of Mines Miscellaneous Publication 66, 22 p. Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Kerrich R., Said N., Manikyamba C. & Wyman D. 2013. Sampling oxygenated Archean hydrosphere: Implications from fractionations of Th/U and Ce/Ce* in hydrothermally altered volcanic sequences. Gondwana Research 23, 506–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilburn 2000. Lava flows and flow fields. In: Sigurdsson H. ed. Encyclopedia of volcanoes, pp. 291–305. Academic Press, San Diego, Ca.
   Google Scholar
• Large R. R. 1977. Chemical evolution and zonation of massive sulfide deposits in volcanic terrains. Economic Geology 72, 549–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large R. R. 1992. Australian volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits; features, styles, and genetic models. Economic Geology 87, 471–510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large R. R., Gemmell J. B., Paulick H. & Huston D. L. 2001a. The alteration box plot: a simple approach to understanding the relationship between alteration mineralogy and lithogeochemistry associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 96, 957–971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large R. R., McPhie J., Gemmell J. B., Herrmann W. & Davidson G. J. 2001b. The spectrum of ore deposit types, volcanic environments, alteration halos, and related exploration vectors in submarine volcanic successions: some examples from Australia. Economic Geology 96, 913–938.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesher C. M., Goodwin A. M., Campbell I. H. & Gorton M. P. 1987. Trace-element geochemistry of ore-associated and barren, felsic metavolcanic rocks in the Superior-Province, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, 222–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLean W. H. & Barrett T. J. 1993. Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 48, 109–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason D. 2011. Petrographic descriptions for eleven drill core rock samples, Hollandaire prospect, Murchison Province, Western Australia. Company Report: Mason Geoscience Pty Ltd, 45 p.
   Google Scholar
• Mattinson J. M. 2005. Zircon U–Pb chemical abrasion (‘CA-TIMS’) method: combined annealing and multi-step dissolution analysis for improved precision and accuracy of zircon ages. Chemical Geology 220, 47–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattinson J. M. 2011. Extending the Krogh legacy: development of the CA-TIMS method for zircon U–Pb geochronology. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, 95–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson D. R. 1995. Compilation of SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology data, 1994. Western Australia Geological Survey, 244 p., Perth, WA.
   Google Scholar
• Ohmoto H. & Skinner B. J. 1985. The Kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology Monograph 5, 604 p. New Haven, CT, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Pickering K. T. 1995. Atlas of deep water environments: architectural style in turbidite systems, Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Pidgeon R. T. & Hallberg J. A. 2000. Age relationships in supracrustal sequences of the northern part of the Murchison Terrane, Archaean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a combined field and zircon U–Pb study. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, 153–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piercey S. J. 2011. The setting, style, and role of magmatism in the formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Mineralium Deposita 46, 449–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rona P. A. 1980. TAG hydrothermal field: Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest at latitude 26°N. Journal of the Geological Society 137, 385–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanks W. C. P. III & Thurston R. 2012. Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-C, 345 p. Denver, Co.
   Google Scholar
• Sharpe R. & Gemmell J. B. 2001. Alteration characteristics of the Archean Golden Grove Formation at the Gossan Hill Deposit, Western Australia: induration as a focusing mechanism for mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 96, 1239–1262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaggiari C. V. 2006. Interpreted bedrock geology of the northern Murchison Domain, Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton. Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2006/10, 19 p., Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Thurston P. C., Ayer J. A., Goutier J. & Hamilton M. A. 2008. Depositional gaps in Abitibi Greenstone Belt stratigraphy: a key to exploration for syngenetic mineralization. Economic Geology 103, 1097–1134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kranendonk M. J. 2006. Volcanic degassing, hydrothermal circulation and the flourishing of early life on Earth: a review of the evidence from c. 3490–3240 Ma rocks of the Pilbara Supergroup, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Earth-Science Reviews 74, 197–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kranendonk M. J., Ivanic T. J., Wingate M. T. D., Kirkland C. L. & Wyche S. 2013. Long-lived, autochthonous development of the Archean Murchison Domain, and implications for Yilgarn Craton tectonics. Precambrian Research 229, 49–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kranendonk M. J., Ivanic T. J., Wyche S., Wilde S. A. & Zibra I. 2010. A time transect through the Hadean to Neoarchean geology of the Western Yilgarn Craton—a field guide. Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2010/19, Government of Western Australia, Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Vearncombe S. 2010. Yilgarn volcanogenic massive sulphides. In: Wyche S. ed. Yilgarn–Superior Workshop—Abstracts, Fifth International Archean Symposium, pp. 47–50. Geological Survey of Western Australia, 2010/10, Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Q. 1998. Geochronology of the granite–greenstone terranes in the Murchison and Southern Cross Provinces of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Research School of Earth Sciences. 186 p. unpublished: Australian National University, Canberra ACT.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Q., Schiotte L. & Campbell I. H. 1998. Geochronology of supracrustal rocks from the Golden Grove area, Murchison Province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, 571–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins K. P. & Hickman A. H. 1990. Geological evolution and mineralisation of the Murchison Province, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 137, 267 p. Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Watkins K. P., Fletcher I. R. & de Laeter J. R. 1991. Crustal evolution of Archaean granitoids in the Murchison Province, Western Australia. Precambrian Research 50, 311–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White J. D. L., McPhie J. & Skilling I. P. 2000. Peperite: a useful genetic term. Bulletin of Volcanology 62, 65–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitford D. J. & Ashley P. M. 1992. The Scuddles volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit, Western Australia; geochemistry of the host rocks and evaluation of lithogeochemistry for exploration. Economic Geology 87, 873–888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winchester J. A. & Floyd P. A. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingate M. T. D., Kirkland C. L. & Chen S. F. 2012. 185932: metarhyolite, Eelya Hill. Geological Survey of Western Australia Geochonology Record 1007. 4. p. Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Wingate M. T. D., Kirkland C. L. & Van Kranendonk M. J. 2010. 185933: biotite granodiorite, Eelya Mine. Geological Survey of Western Australia Geochronology Record 894, 4 p. Perth WA.
   Google Scholar
• Yeats C. J. 2007. VHMS mineral systems in the Yilgarn—characteristics and exploration potential. In: Bierlein F. P. ed. Proceedings of Geoconferences (WA) Inc. Kalgoorlie '07 Conference, pp. 65–69.
   Google Scholar
• Yeats C. J. & Groves D. I. 1998. The Archaean Mount Gibson gold deposits, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: products of combined synvolcanic and syntectonic alteration and mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews 13, 103–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeats C. J., McNaughton N. J. & Groves D. I. 1996. SHRIMP U–Pb geochronological constraints on Archean volcanic-hosted massive sulfide and lode gold mineralization at Mount Gibson, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Economic Geology 91, 1354–1371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolensky M. E., Sylvester P. J. & Paces J. B. 1988. Origin and significance of blue coloration in quartz from Llano rhyolite (llanite), north-central Llano County, Texas. American Mineralogist 73, 313–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar