Quantitative assessment of retinal changes in COVID-19 patients

References

• Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎nCoV)‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ infection is suspected: interim guidance, 25 January 2020. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330674
   Google Scholar
• Corman VM, Muth D, Niemeyer D, et al. Hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses. Adv Virus Res. 2018;100:163–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gralinski LE, Baric RS. Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections. J Pathol. 2015;235:185–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9:386–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004;10:368–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vabret A, Mourez T, Dina J, et al. Human coronavirus NL63, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1225–1229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Liu M, Zhang Z, et al. Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(6):748‐751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 31]. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(5):575‐578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, et al. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARSCoV- 2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):589–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, et al. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol. 2020;94(7):e00127–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary R, Kapoor MS, Singh A, et al. Therapeutic targets of renin-angiotensin system in ocular disorders. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2017;29:7–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amesty MA, Alió Del Barrio JL, Alió JL. COVID-19 disease and ophthalmology: an update. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;1‐12. DOI:10.1007/s40123-020-00260-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casagrande M, Fitzek A, Püschel K, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human retinal biopsies of deceased COVID-19 patients. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020; 28:721–725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zago Filho LA, Lima LH, Melo GB, et al. Vitritis and outer retinal abnormalities in a patient with COVID-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28(8):1298–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senanayake Pd, Drazba J, Shadrach K, et al. Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(7):3301–3311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holappa M, Valjakka J, Vaajanen A. Angiotensin (1-7) and ACE2, “the hot spots” of renin-angiotensin system, detected in the human aqueous humor. Open Ophthalmol J. 2015;9:28–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhtala S, Vaajanen A, Oksala O, et al. Activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes ACE1 and ACE2 and inhibition by bioactive peptides in porcine ocular tissues. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009;25(1):23–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao L, Qiu Y, Fu X, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activator diminazene aceturate prevents lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammation by inhibiting MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways in human retinal pigment epithelium. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13:35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz-Egea JM, Ruiz-Medrano J, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Retinal imaging study diagnoses in COVID-19: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021;15(1):15.
   Google Scholar
• Abrishami M, Emamverdian Z, Shoeibi N, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of the retina in patients recovered from COVID-19: a case-control study. Can J Ophthalmol. 2021; 56(1):24–30.
   Google Scholar
• Zapata MÁ, Banderas García S, Sánchez-Moltalvá A, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020: bjophthalmol-2020-317953. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooks JJ, Percopo C, Wang Y, et al. Retina and retinal pigment epithelial cell autoantibodies are produced during murine coronavirus retinopathy. J Immunol. 1993;151:3381–3389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28(3):391–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Detrick B, Yu ZX, et al. The role of apoptosis within the retina of coronavirus-infected mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41(10):3011–3018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shindler KS, Kenyon LC, Dutt M, et al. Experimental optic neuritis induced by a demyelinating strain of mouse hepatitis virus. J Virol. 2008;82(17):8882–8886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmor MF. COVID-19 and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: is there ophthalmological concern? [published online ahead of print 2020 May 8]. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;216:A1–A2. S0002-9394(20)30140-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar