Relationship between visual impairment and school entrance age in rural China

References

• Bourne R, Price H, Stevens G et al. Global burden of visual impairment and blindness. Arch Ophthalmol 2012; 130: 645–647. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Huang W, Zheng Y et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school children in rural southern China. Ophthalmol 2007; 114: 374–382. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.08.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maul E, Barroso S, Munoz SR. Refractive error study in children: results from La Florida, Chile. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129: 445–454. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00454-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, Ellwein LB et al. Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 2002; 43: 623–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Mariotti SP et al. Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86: 63–70. doi:10.2471/BLT.07.041210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Zhong H, Li J et al. Incidence of myopia and biometric characteristics of premyopic eyes among Chinese children and adolescents. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18: 1–8. doi:10.1186/s12886-018-0836-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong K, Dahlmann-Noor A. Myopia and its progression in children in London, UK: a retrospective evaluation. J Optom 2020; 13: 146–154. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2019.06.002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alvarez-Peregrina CC, Sanchez-Tena MA, Martinez-Perez CC et al. Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Spain. J Ophthalmol 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/3419576.
   Google Scholar
• Pärssinen O, Kauppinen M. Risk factors for high myopia: a 22‐year follow‐up study from childhood to adulthood. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97: 510–518. doi:10.1111/aos.13964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsukura E, Torii H, Inokuchi M et al. Current prevalence of myopia and association of myopia with environmental factors among schoolchildren in Japan. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137: 1233–1239. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels S, Hopf S, Pfeiffer N et al. Myopia is associated with education: results from NHANES 1999-2008. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0211196. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan H, Yu NN, Wang H et al. Impact of various types of near work and time spent outdoors at different times of day on visual acuity and refractive error among Chinese school-going children. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0215827. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan CW, Wu RK, Li J et al. Low prevalence of myopia among school children in rural China. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18: 1–6. doi:10.1186/s12886-018-0808-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P et al. Risk factors for incident myopia in Australian schoolchildren: the Sydney adolescent vascular and eye study. Ophthalmol 2013; 120: 2100–2108. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram T, Pascal C. Early years education: an international perspective. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Sharp C School starting age: European policy and recent research. LGA seminar “when should our children start school; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Sakic M, Burusic J, Babarovic T. The relation between school entrance age and school achievement during primary schooling: evidence from Croatian primary schools. Br J Educ Psychol 2013; 83: 651–663. doi:10.1111/bjep.12000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attar I, Cohen-Zada D. The effect of school entrance age on educational outcomes: evidence using multiple cutoff dates and exact date of birth. J Econ Behav Organ 2018; 153: 38–57. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2018.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMeis JL, Stearns ES. Relationship of school entrance age to academic and social performance. J Educ Res 1992; 86: 20–27. doi:10.1080/00220671.1992.9941823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doebler S, Shuttleworth I, Gould M. Does the month of birth affect educational and health outcomes? A population-based analysis using the Northern Ireland longitudinal study. Econ Soc Rev (Irel) 2017; 48: 281–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Li L, Jan C et al. Association of school education with eyesight among children and adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5: e229545-e229545. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding X, Morgan IG, Hu Y et al. Exposure to the life of a school child rather than age determines myopic shifts in refraction in school children. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 2022; 63: 15. doi:10.1167/iovs.63.3.15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotnikov D, Williams C, Atan D et al. Effect of education on myopia: evidence from the United Kingdom ROSLA 1972 Reform. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 2020; 61: 7. doi:10.1167/iovs.61.11.7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountjoy E, Davies NM, Plotnikov D et al. Education and myopia: assessing the direction of causality by Mendelian randomisation. BMJ 2018; 361: k2022. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jan C, Li SM, Kang MT et al. Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103: 1666–1671. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan IG, Rose KA. Myopia and international educational performance. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013; 33: 329–338. doi:10.1111/opo.12040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Jiang D, Li C et al. Relationship between myopia progression and school entrance age: a 2.5-year longitudinal study. J Ophthalmol 2021. doi:10.1155/2021/7430576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi H, Zhang L, Ma X et al. Poor vision among China’s rural primary school students: prevalence, correlates and consequences. China Econ Rev 2015; 33: 247–262. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2015.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma X, Zhou Z, Yi H et al. Effect of providing free glasses on children’s educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2014; 349: g5740. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumberland PM, Peckham CS, Rahi JS. Inferring myopia over the lifecourse from uncorrected distance visual acuity in childhood. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91: 151–153. doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.102277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey IL, Lovie J. New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. Am J Optom Phys Opt 1976; 53: 740. doi:10.1097/00006324-197611000-00006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grosvenor T. Primary care optometry. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Au Eong KG, Tay TH, Lim MK. Education and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males. Singapore Med J 1993; 34: 489–492.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirshahi A, Ponto KA, Hoehn R. Myopia and level of education: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Ophthalmol 2014; 121: 2047–2052. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colley RC, Bushnik T, Langlois K. Exercise and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Rep 2020; 31: 3–11. doi:10.25318/82-003-x202000600001-eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Guan H, Du K et al. Effects of vision health education and free eyeglasses on knowledge of vision and usage of spectacles among primary school students: evidence from Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14: 1449–1464. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S297265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Yi H, Zhang L et al. An investigation of vision problems and the vision care system in rural China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2014; 45: 1464–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun JT, An M, Yan XB. Prevalence and related factors for myopia in school-aged children in Qingdao. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018. doi:10.1155/2018/9781987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giloyan A, Harutyunyan T, Petrosyan V. Risk factors for developing myopia among schoolchildren in Yerevan and Gegharkunik Province, Armenia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017; 24: 97–103. doi:10.1080/09286586.2016.1257028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang PC, Hsiao YC, Tsai CY et al. Protective behaviours of near work and time outdoors in myopia prevalence and progression in myopic children: a 2-year prospective population study. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104: 956–961. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Bureau of Statistics, c2020. http://www.stats.gov.cn/.
   Google Scholar
• Ma X, Wang H, Shi Y et al. Improving learning by improving vision: evidence from two randomized controlled trials of providing vision care in China. J Dev Ef 2021; 13: 1–26. doi:10.1080/19439342.2021.1876139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Zhang X, He F et al. Visual impairment in rural and migrant Chinese school-going children: prevalence, severity, correction and associations. Br J Ophthalmol 2022; 106: 275–280. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Zhang X, Li H et al. Safety of eyeglasses wear for visual acuity among middle school students in northwestern rural China: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5: e000572. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar