Subconjunctival Orbital Fat Prolapse: An Update on Diagnosis and Management

REFERENCES

• Glover AT, Grove AS Jr. Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;3:83–86. doi:10.1097/00002341-198703020-00005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacNab A. Subconjunctival fat prolapsed. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1999;27:33–36. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00159.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jordan DR, Tse DT. Herniated orbital fat. Can J Ophthalmol. 1987;22:173–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee A, Li EY, Yuen HK. Inferonasal prolapsed orbital fat: report of a case and review of literature. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Jul-Aug 2013;29(4). doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182805a0a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatzistefanou KI, Samara C, Asproudis I, et al. Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and thyroid associated orbitopathy: a clinical association. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:359–366. doi:10.2147/CIA.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han SB. Evaluation of the association between subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:531–533. doi:10.2147/CIA.S135092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joaquim M ASchellin SA, et al. Eyelid alterations after the age of 50 years. Arq Bras Oftalmol. May/June 2005;68(3):285-90. São Paulo.
   Google Scholar
• Beigi B, Kashkouli MB, Shaw A, et al. Fornix fat prolapse as a sign for involutional Entropion. Ophthalmology. Sep 2008;115(9):1608–1612. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.02.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söylev MF, Oner FH, Durak I. Ocular findings in cutis laxa acquisita. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Mar;18(2):156–158. doi:10.1097/00002341-200203000-00013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offret H, Labetoulle M, Frau E. Subconjunctival adipose hernias of the orbit. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20:614–618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monner J, Benito JR, Zayuelas J, Paloma V, Castro V, R. Serra JM. Transconjunctival herniation of orbital fat. Ann Plast Surg. 1998 Dec;41(6):658–661. doi:10.1097/00000637-199812000-00013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Canto AJ, Downs-Kelly E, Perry JD. Ptosis and orbital fat prolapse after sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolon injection. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1092–1097. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoud MT, Shaikh MY. Subconjunctival swelling — prolapse of orbital fat. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jan 4;356:67. doi:10.1056/NEJMc063190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CC, Liao SL, Liou SW, et al. Subconjunctival herniated orbital fat mimicking adipocytic neoplasm. Optom Vis Sci. Oct 2015;92(10):1021–1026. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmack I, Patel RM, Folpe AL, et al. Subconjunctival herniated orbital fat: A benign adipocytic lesion that may mimic pleomorphic lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Feb;31(2):193–198. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000213374.02171.0a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley AM, Malhotra R. Subconjunctival prolapse of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland occurring in association with occult orbital fat herniation. Orbit. 2009;28:430–432.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferraz LC, Schellini SA, Wludarski SC, et al. Dermolipoma and orbital fat prolapse: two distinct entities. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2002;65:327–331.
   Google Scholar
• Shields CL, Sioufi K, Alset AE, et al. Clinical features differentiating benign from malignant conjunctival tumors in children. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(3):215–224. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.5544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim E, Kim HJ, Kim YD, Woo KI, Lee H, Kim ST. Subconjunctival fat prolapse and dermolipoma of the orbit: differentiation on CT and MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol. Mar 2011;32(3):465–467. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL, Scartozzi R. Survey of 1264 patients with orbital tumors and simulating lesions: the 2002 montgomery lecture,part 1. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:997Y1008. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.04.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raparia E, Rafailov L, Shinder R. In-office sutureless correction of prolapsed subconjunctival orbital fat. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Jan/Feb 2018;34(1):79–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yan J. Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse: an unsuspecting rare lesion. J Craniofac Surg. 2015 Mar;26(2):e92–4. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000001732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siban M, Weijtens O, van Den Bosch W, et al. Efficacy of transconjunctival excision of orbital fat prolapse: a long-term follow-up study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92:291–293. doi:10.1111/aos.12032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang MK, Kim N, Choung H-K, Khwarg SI. Long-term outcome of conjunctival fixation sutures to the sclera for prolapsed subconjunctival orbital fat. Eye. 2017;31:749–752. doi:10.1038/eye.2016.302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viana GA, Osaki MH, Filho VT, Sant’Anna AE. Prolapsed orbital fat: 15 consecutive cases. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2009;43(6):330–334. doi:10.1080/02844310903259124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangos AN, Hamédani M. Spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse: presentation of four cases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2006 May;223(5):415–417. doi:10.1055/s-2006-926578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniegowski MC, Kelmenson A, Gregory GD. Small-incision, sutureless repair of subconjunctival fat prolapse. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 May-Jun;28(3):221. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e318249d5d7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato K, Yamaguchi T, Yokota H. A surgical technique with connective tissue repair for the management of subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;34(9):841. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01391.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otaka I, Kyu N. A new surgical technique for the management of orbital fat prolapse. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Feb;131(2):267–269. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00779-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura N, Akiyama K, Shigeyasu C, et al. Surgical repair of orbital fat prolapse by conjunctival fixation to the sclera. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015 Sep 18;9:1741–1744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar