The Impact of Laboratory Findings and Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers on Response to Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

References

• Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. Visual impairment in diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(1):1–9. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(84)34337-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al., Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):556–564. doi:10.2337/dc11-1909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Saaddine JB, Chou CF, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008. JAMA. 2010;304(6):649–656. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das A, McGuire PG, Rangasamy S. Diabetic macular edema: pathophysiology and novel therapeutic targets. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(7):1375–1394. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.03.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Aroca P, Baget-Bernaldiz M, Pareja-Rios A, Lopez-Galvez M, Navarro-Gil R, Verges R. Diabetic macular edema pathophysiology: vasogenic versus inflammatory. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:2156273. doi:10.1155/2016/2156273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Bandello F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, et al. RESTORE study group. The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):615–625. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heier JS, Korobelnik JF, Brown DM, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 148-week results from the Vista and VIVID studies. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(11):2376–2385. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.07.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoaku WM, Ghanchi F, Bailey C, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema pathways and management: UK consensus working group. Eye. 2020;34:1–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retinopathy clinical research network D, Wells JA, Glassman AR, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1193–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressler SB, Ayala AR, Bressler NM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. Persistent macular thickening after Ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema with vision impairment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(3):278–285. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli I, Santarelli M, Patrao N, et al. Identification of time point to best define ‘sub-optimal response’ following intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema based on real-life data. Eye. 2017;31(11):1594–1599. doi:10.1038/eye.2017.111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodzic-Hadzibegovic D, Sander BA, Monberg TJ, Larsen M, Lund-Andersen H. Diabetic macular oedema treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor - 2-4 years follow-up of visual acuity and retinal thickness in 566 patients following Danish national guidelines. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(3):267–278. doi:10.1111/aos.13638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elman MJ, Aiello LP, Beck RW, et al., Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(6):1064–1077. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phadikar P, Saxena S, Ruia S, Lai TY, Meyer CH, Eliott D. The potential of spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging based retinal biomarkers. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2017;3(1):1. doi:10.1186/s40942-016-0054-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vira J, Marchese A, Singh RB, Agarwal A. Swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinochoroid and beyond. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2020;17(5):413–426. doi:10.1080/17434440.2020.1755256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicinelli MV, Cavalleri M, Brambati M, Lattanzio R, Bandello F. New imaging systems in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol. 2019;56(9):981–994. doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01373-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zur D, Iglicki M, Busch C, Invernizzi A, Mariussi M, Loewenstein A. International retina group. OCT biomarkers as functional outcome predictors in diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone implant. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:267–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerendas BS, Prager S, Deak G, et al. Predictive imaging biomarkers relevant for functional and anatomical outcomes during ranibizumab therapy of diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(2):195–203. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vujosevic S, Toma C, Villani E, et al. Diabetic macular edema with neuroretinal detachment: OCT and OCT-angiography biomarkers of treatment response to anti-VEGF and steroids. Acta Diabetol. 2020;57(3):287–296. doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01424-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis P, Parikakis E, et al. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in diabetic macular edema: real-life data from a prospective study and predictive factors for visual outcome. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(6):1393–1404. doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0332-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli IP, Sergentanis TN, Sivaprasad S. Hyperreflective foci as an independent visual outcome predictor in macular edema due to retinal vascular diseases treated with intravitreal dexamethasone or ranibizumab. Retina. 2016;36(12):2319–2328. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parravano M, Costanzo E, Querques G. Profile of non-responder and late responder patients treated for diabetic macular edema: systemic and ocular factors. Acta Diabetol. 2020;57(8):911–921. doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01496-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson CP, Ferris FL 3rd, Klein RE, et al., Global Diabetic Retinopathy Project Group. Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(9):1677–1682. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00475-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby-Nwaobi R, Chatziralli I, Sergentanis T, Dew T, Forbes A, Sivaprasad S. Cross talk between lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Res. 2015;2015:191382. doi:10.1155/2015/191382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butt N, Bano F, Ghani M, Ahmed AM, Majeed N. Association of serum advanced glycation (AGEs) end products, apolipoprotein-B and zinc in severity of T2DM retinopathy. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2021;34:803–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo-Otí JM, Galván-Manso AI, Callejas-Herrero MR, Vara-González LA, Salas-Herrera F, Muñoz-Cacho P. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):84. doi:10.3390/nu14010084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomić M, Vrabec R, Ljubić S, Bulum T, Rahelić D. Plasma homocysteine is associated with nonproliferative retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes without renal disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(1):102355. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warid Al-Laftah FA, Elshafie M, Alhashimi M, Pai A, Farouq M. Pretreatment clinical variables associated with the response to intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2010;24(4):133–138. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2010.05.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hwang H, Lee H, Kim JY, et al. Systemic factors and early treatment response to intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema: the Role of Renal Function. Retina. 2021;41(6):1275–1282. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito P, Costa J, Gomes N, Costa S, Correia-Pinto J, Silva R. Serum pro-inflammatory factors as predictors of persistent diabetic macular oedema with limited anatomic response to anti- VEGF: association with intravitreal injection treatment profiles in real-world setting. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(4):421–427. doi:10.1111/aos.14308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito PS, Costa JV, Barbosa-Matos C, Costa SM, Correia-Pinto J, Silva RM. Association of serum vasogenic and proinflammatory factors with clinical response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2021;41(2):345–354. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda S, Tam T, Singh RP, et al. The impact of metabolic parameters on clinical response to VEGF inhibitors for diabetic macular edema. J Diabetes Complications. 2014;28(2):166–170. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.11.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk BT, Kerimoglu H, Adam M, Gunduz K, Okudan S. Glucose regulation influences treatment outcome in ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema. J Diabetes Complications. 2011;25(5):298–302. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2010.09.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou TH, Wu PC, Kuo JZ, Lai CH, Kuo CN. Relationship of diabetic macular oedema with glycosylated haemoglobin. Eye. 2009;23(6):1360–1363. doi:10.1038/eye.2008.279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong WM, Chee C, Bhargava M, et al. Systemic factors associated with treatment response in diabetic macular edema. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:1875860. doi:10.1155/2020/1875860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usui-Ouchi A, Tamaki A, Sakanishi Y, et al. Factors affecting a short-term response to anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic macular edema. Life. 2021;11(2):83. doi:10.3390/life11020083.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bansal AS, Khurana RN, Wieland MR, Wang PW, Van Everen SA, Tuomi L. Influence of glycosylated hemoglobin on the efficacy of Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: a post hoc analysis of the RIDE/RISE trials. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(8):1573–1579. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Habbu K, Ehlers JP, Lansang MC, Hill L, Stoilov I. The impact of systemic factors on clinical response to Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(7):1581–1587. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.03.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressler SB, Qin H, Beck RW, et al. Diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. Factors associated with changes in visual acuity and central subfield thickness at 1 year after treatment for diabetic macular edema with ranibizumab. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(9):1153–1161. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shalchi Z, Okada M, Bruynseels A, et al. Effect of glycosylated hemoglobin on response to ranibizumab therapy in diabetic macular edema: real-world outcomes in 312 patients. Can J Ophthalmol. 2018;53(4):415–419. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.10.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli IP. The role of glycemic control and variability in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(1):431–434. doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0345-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meduri A, Oliverio GW, Trombetta L, Giordano M, Inferrera L, Trombetta CJ. Optical coherence tomography predictors of favorable functional response in naïve diabetic macular edema eyes treated with dexamethasone implants as a first-line agent. J Ophthalmol. 2021;2021:6639418. doi:10.1155/2021/6639418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc F, Güven YZ, Egrilmez D, Aydın E. Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in bilateral diabetic macular edema patients with asymmetric anti-VEGF response. Semin Ophthalmol. 2021;36(5–6):444–451. doi:10.1080/08820538.2021.1907423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choovuthayakorn J, Tantraworasin A, Phinyo P, et al. Factors associated with 1-year visual response following intravitreal bevacizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema: a retrospective single center study. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2021;7(1):17. doi:10.1186/s40942-021-00286-9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai MJ, Cheng CK. Patterns of ellipsoid zone change associated with visual outcome for diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Optom. in press. doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.1896333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Dimitriou E, Kazantzis D, Theodossiadis P. Association between the patterns of diabetic macular edema and photoreceptors’ response after intravitreal ranibizumab treatment: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(10):2441–2448. doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01423-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena S, Meyer CH, Akduman L. External limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone structural integrity in diabetic macular edema. Eur J Ophthalmol. in press. doi:10.1177/11206721211026106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halim MS, Afridi R, Hasanreisoglu M, et al. READ-3 Investigators. Differences in the characteristics of subjects achieving complete, partial, or no resolution of macular edema in the READ-3 study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259:2941–2948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar