891
Views
71
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Chemical-Electrochemical Approaches to the Study Passivation of Chalcopyrite

&
Pages 10-41 | Published online: 11 Sep 2012

REFERENCES

  • Baur , J. P. , Gibbs , H. L. , and Wadsworth , M. E. , 1974 . Initial-stage Sulfiric Acid Leaching Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Using Radiochemical Techniques. United States Bureau of Mines. Report of Investigations U.S.B.M. RI 7823 .
  • Beckstead , L. W. , Munoz , P. B. , Sepulveda , J. L. , Herbst , J. A. , Miller , J. D. , Olson , F. A. , and Wadsworth , M. E. , 1976 . “Acid ferric sulfate leaching of attritor-ground chalcopyrite concentrates.” AIME (2) pp. 611 – 617 .
  • Bevilaqua , D. , Acciario , H. A. , Benedetti , A. V. , and Garcia , O. , 2007 , “Electrochemical techniques used to study bacterial-metal sulfides interactions in acidic environments.” In Microbial Processing of Metal Sulfides: 1st Ed. , ( E. R. Donati and W. Sand , Eds.), Dordrecht , Netherlands : Springer .
  • Bevilaqua , D. , Diez-Pérez , I. , Fugivara , C. S. , Sanz , F. , Benedetti , A. V. , and García , O. , 2004 , “Oxidative dissolution of chalcopyrite by A.ferrooxidans analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.” Bioelectrochemistry , 64 , pp. 79 – 84 .
  • Bevilaqua , D. and García , O. , 2005 , “Oxidación de sulfuros de cobre por A. ferrooxidans: Análisis de las fases líquidas y sólidas.” In Fundamentos y perspectivas de las tecnologías biomineras. 1ª edición , ( F. Acevedo and J. C. Gentina , Eds.), Valparaíso , Chile : Ediciones universitarias de Valparaíso .
  • Bevilaqua , D. , Leite , A. L. L. C. , García , O. , and Tuovinen , O. H. , 2002 , “Oxidation of chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in shake flasks.” Process Biochemistry , 38 , pp. 587 – 592 .
  • Biegler , T. and Horne , M. D. , 1985 , “The electrochemistry of surface oxidation of chalcopyrite.” Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 132 ( 6 ), pp. 1363 – 1369 .
  • Biegler , T. and Swift , D. A. , 1979 , “Anodic electrochemistry of chalcopyrite.” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , 9 , pp. 545 – 554 .
  • Blight , K. R. , Candy , R. M. , and Ralph , D. E. , 2009 , “The preferential oxidation of orthorhombic sulfur during batch culture.” Hydrometallurgy , 99 ( 1–2 ), pp. 100 – 104 .
  • Boekema , C. , Krupski , A. M. , Varaste , M. , Parvin , K. , VanTil , F. , VanDerWoude , F. , and Sawatzky , G. A. , 2004 , “Cu and Fe valence states in CuFeS2.” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , 272–276 , pp. 559 – 561 .
  • Buckley , A. and Woods , R. , 1984 , “An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the oxidation of chalcopyrite.” Australian Journal of Chemistry , 37 , pp. 2403 – 2413 .
  • Buttinelli , D. , Lavecchia , R. , Pochetti , F. , Geveci , A. , Guresin , N. , and Topkaya , Y. , 1992 , “Leaching by ferric sulphate of raw and concentrated copper-zinc complex sulphide ores.” International Journal of Mineral Processing , 36 ( 3–4 ), pp. 245 – 257 .
  • Carneiro , M. F. C. and Leão , V. A. , 2007 , “The role of sodium chloride on surface properties of chalcopyrite leached with ferric sulphate.” Hydrometallurgy , 87 , pp. 73 – 79 .
  • Codelco, 2009, http://www.codelco.cl/prensa/archivo/detalle_noticia.asp?cod=20090612114816 (accessed January 13, 2010).
  • Córdoba , E. M. , Muñoz , J. A. , Blázquez , M. L. , González , F. , and Ballester , A. , 2008a , “Leaching of chalcopyrite with ferric ion. Part I: General aspects.” Hydrometallurgy , 93 ( 3–4 ), pp. 81 – 87 .
  • Córdoba , E. M. , Muñoz , J. A. , Blázquez , M. L. , González , F. , and Ballester , A. , 2008b , “Leaching of chalcopyrite with ferric ion. Part II: Effect of redox potential.” Hydrometallurgy , 93 ( 3–4 ), pp. 88 – 96 .
  • Crundwell , F. K. , 1988 , “The influence of the electronic structure of solids on the anodic dissolution and leaching of semiconducting sulphide minerals.” Hydrometallurgy , 21 , pp. 155 – 190 .
  • Dreisinger , D. , 2006 , “Copper leaching from primary sulfides: Options for biological and chemical extraction of copper.” Hydrometallurgy , 83 , pp. 10 – 20 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1978 , “The kinetics of dissolution of chalcopyrite in ferric ion media.” Metallurgical Transactions , 9B , pp. 431 – 439 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1981 , “The dissolution of chalcopyrite in ferric sulfate and ferric chloride media.” Metallurgical Transactions , 12B , pp. 371 – 378 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1982 , “Ferric ion leaching of chalcopyrites from different localities.” Metallurgical Transactions , 13B , pp. 303 – 309 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1989 , “Elemental sulphur formation during the ferric sulphate leaching of chalcopyrite.” Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly , 28 ( 4 ), pp. 337 – 344 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1990 , “Elemental sulfur formation during the ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite.” Hydrometallurgy , 23 , pp. 153 – 176 .
  • Dutrizac , J. E. , 1996 , “The effect of seeding on the rate of precipitation of ammonium jarosite and sodium jarosite.” Hydrometallurgy , 42 ( 3 ), pp. 293 – 312 .
  • Elsherief , A. E. , 2002 , “The influence of cathodic reduction, Fe+2 and Cu+2 ions on the electrochemical dissolution of chalcopyrite in acidic solutions.” Minerals Engineering , 15 , pp. 215 – 223 .
  • Gautier , V. , Escobar , B. , and Vargas , T. , 2008 , “Cooperative action of attached and planktonic cells during bioleaching of chalcopyrite with Sulfolobus metallicus at 70°C.” Hydrometallurgy , 94 ( 1–4 ), pp. 121 – 126 .
  • Ghahremaninezhad , A. , Asselin , E. , and Dixon , D. G. , 2010 , “Electrochemical evaluation of the surface of chalcopyrite during dissolution in sulfuric acid solution.” Electrochimica Acta , 55 ( 18 ), pp. 5041 – 5056 .
  • Gomez , C. , Figueroa , M. , Muñoz , J. , Blásquez , M. L. , and Ballester , A. , 1996 , “Electrochemistry of chalcopyrite.” Hydrometallurgy , 43 , pp. 331 – 344 .
  • Hackl , R. P. , Dreisinger , D. B. , Peters , E. , and King , J. A. , 1995 , “Passivation of chalcopyrite during oxidative leaching in sulfate media.” Hydrometallurgy , 39 ( 1 ), pp. 25 – 48 .
  • Harmer , S. , Thomas , J. E. , Fornasiero , D. , and Gerson , A. R. , 2006 , “The evolution of surface layers formed during chalcopyrite leaching.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 70 , pp. 4392 – 4402 .
  • Hirato , T. , Kinishita , M. , Awakura , Y. , and Majima , H. , 1986 , “The leaching of chalcopyrite with ferric chloride.” Metallurgical Transactions , 17B , pp. 19 – 28 .
  • Hirato , T. , Majima , H. , and Awakura , Y. , 1987a , “The leaching of Chalcopyrite with cupric chloride.” Metallurgical Transactions , 18B , pp. 31 – 39 .
  • Hirato , T. , Majima , H. , and Awakura , Y. , 1987b , “The leaching of chalcopyrite with ferric sulphate.” Metallurgical Transactions , 18 , pp. 489 – 496 .
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Hirota , M. , Hirajima , T. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 1997 , “A case of ferrous sulfate addition enhancing chalcopyrite leaching.” Hydrometallurgy , 47 , pp. 37 – 45 .
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Hirota , M. , Hirajima , T. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 1999 , “Inhibitory effect of iron-oxidizing bacteria on ferrous-promoted chalcopyrite leaching.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering , 78 ( 4 ), pp. 478 – 483 .
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Kitagawa , H. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 2004, “Synergistic effect of cupric and ferrous ions on active-passive behaviour in anodic dissolution of chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid solutions.” Hydrometallurgy , 74(1–2), pp. 103–116.
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Kitagawa , H. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 2008 , “Effect of solution composition on the optimum redox potential for chalcopyrite leaching in sulfuric acid solutions.” Hydrometallurgy , 91 ( 1–4 ), pp. 144 – 149 .
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Miki , H. , Hirajima , T. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 2000 , “Model for ferrous-promoted chalcopyrite leaching.” Hydrometallurgy , 57 ( 1 ), pp. 31 – 38 .
  • Hiroyoshi , N. , Miki , H. , Hirajima , T. , and Tsunekawa , M. , 2001 , “Enhancement of chalcopyrite leaching by ferrous ions in acidic ferric sulfate solutions.” Hydrometallurgy , 60 ( 3 ), pp. 185 – 197 .
  • Holliday , R. I. and Richmond , W. R. , 1990 , “An electrochemical study of the oxidation of chalcopyrite in acidic solution.” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry , 288 , pp. 83 – 93 .
  • Holmes , P. R. and Crundwell , F. K. , 1995 , “Kinetic aspects of galvanic interactions between minerals during dissolution.” Hydrometallurgy , 39 , pp. 353 – 375 .
  • Hope , G. A. , Woods , R. , and Munce , C. G. , 2001 , “Raman microprobe mineral identification.” Minerals Engineering , 14 ( 12 ), pp. 1565 – 1577 .
  • Horta , D. , Bevilaqua , D. , Acciari , H. , García , O. , and Benedetti , A. , 2009 , “Optimization of the use of carbon paste electrodes (CPE) for electrochemical study of the chalcopyrite.” Quimica Nova , 32 ( 7 ), pp. 1734 – 1738 .
  • Jordan , H. , Sanhueza , A. , Gautier , V. , Escobar , B. , and Vargas , T. , 2006 , “Electrochemical study of the catalytic influence of Sulfolobus metallicus in the bioleaching of chalcopyrite at 70°C.” Hydrometallurgy , 83 , pp. 55 – 62 .
  • Kimball , B. E. , Rimstidt , J. D. , and Brantley , S. L. , 2010 , “Chalcopyrite dissolution rate laws.” Applied Geochemistry , 25 ( 7 ), pp. 972 – 983 .
  • Klauber , C. , 2008 , “A critical review of the surface chemistry of acidic ferric sulphate dissolution of chalcopyrite with regards to hindered dissolution.” International Journal of Mineral Processing , 86 ( 1–4 ), pp. 1 – 17 .
  • Klauber , C. , Parker , A. , Van Bronswijk , W. , and Watling , H. , 2001 , “Sulphur speciation of leached chalcopyrite surfaces as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.” International Journal of Mineral Processing , 62 ( 1–4 ), pp. 65 – 94 .
  • Laishely , E. J. , Bryant , R. D. , Korryn , B. W. , and Hyne , J. B. , 1986 , “Microcrystalline structure and surface area of elemental sulphur as factor influencing its oxidation by Thiobacillus albertis.” Canadian Journal of Microbiology , 32 ( 3 ), pp. 237 – 242 .
  • Lázaro , I. , Martínez , N. , Rodríguez , I. , Arce , E. , and Gonzalez , I. , 1995 , “The use of carbon paste electrodes with non-conducting binder for the study of minerals: Chalcopyrite.” Hydrometallurgy , 38 , pp. 277 – 287 .
  • Lázaro , I. and Nicol , M. J. , 2006 , “A rotating ring-disk study of the initial stages of the anodic dissolution of chalcopyrite in acidic solutions.” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , 36 , pp. 425 – 431 .
  • Levenspiel , O. , 1990 , Ingeniería de las reacciones quimicas , Ed. Reverté , Barcelona , Spain .
  • Liddell , K. C. , 2005 , “Shrinking core models in hydrometallurgy: What students are not being told about the pseudo-steady approximation.” Hydrometallurgy , 79 , pp. 62 – 68 .
  • Li , J. , Kawashima , N. , Kaplun , K. , Absolon , V. J. , and Gerson , A. R. , 2010 , “Chalcopyrite leaching: The rate controlling factors.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 74 ( 10 ), pp. 2881 – 2893 .
  • Linge , H. G. , 1976 , “Reactivity comparison of Australian chalcopyrite concentrates in acidified ferric solution.” Hydrometallurgy , 2 , pp. 219 – 233 .
  • Lowe , D. F. “The Kinetics of the Dissolution Reaction of Copper and Copper-Ion Sulphide Minerals Using Ferric Sulphate Solution.” PhD diss., University of Arizona, 1970 .
  • Majima , H. Y. , Awakura Hirato , T. , and Tanaka , T. , 1985, “The leaching of chalcopyrite in ferric chloride and ferric sulfate solutions.” Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly , 24(4), pp. 283–291.
  • Matocha , C. J. , Karathanasis , A. D. , Rakshit , S. , and Wagner , K. M. , 2005 , “Reduction of Copper(II) by Iron(II).” Journal of Environmental Quality , 34 , pp. 1539 – 1546 .
  • McMillan , R. S. , MacKinnon , D. J. , and Dutrizac , J. E. , 1982 , “Anodic dissolution of n-type and p-type chalcopyrite.” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , 12 ( 6 ), pp. 743 – 757 .
  • Mehta , A. P. and Murr , L. E. , 1983 , “Fundamental studies of the contribution of galvanic interaction to acid-bacterial leaching of mixed metal sulfides.” Hydrometallurgy , 9 , pp. 235 – 256 .
  • Mikhlin , Y. L. , Tomashevich , Y. V. , Asanov , I. P. , Okotrub , A. V. , Varnek , V. A. , and Vyalikh , D. V. , 2004 , “Spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization of the surface layers of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) reacted in acidic solutions.” Applied Surface Science , 225 , pp. 395 – 409 .
  • Miki , H. , Hiroyoshi , N. , Kuroiwa , S. , Tsunekawa , M. , and Hirajima , T. , 2003 , “Mechanisms of catalytic leaching of chalcopyrite.” In Copper-Cobre 2003 Volume IV Hydrometallurgy of Copper (Book I) , ( P. A. Riveros , D. Dixon , D. B. Dreisinger , and J. Menacho , Eds.), Santiago , Chile . pp. 383 – 394 .
  • Munoz , P. B. , Miller , J. D. , and Wadsworth , M. E. , 1979 , “Reaction mechanism for the acid ferric sulphate leaching of Chalcopyrite.” Metallurgical Transactions B , 10 , pp. 149 – 158 .
  • Nicol , M. J. and Lázaro , I. , 2002 , “The role of Eh measurements in the interpretation of the kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation and leaching of sulphide minerals.” Hydrometallurgy , 63 , pp. 15 – 22 .
  • Nicol , M. J. and Lázaro , I. , 2003 , “The role of non-oxidative processes in the leaching of chalcopyrite.” In Copper-Cobre 2003 Volume IV Hydrometallurgy of Copper (Book I) , ( P. A. Riveros , D. Dixon , D. B. Dreisinger , and J. Menacho , Eds.), Santiago , Chile . pp. 367 – 381 .
  • Osseo-Asare , K. , 1992 , “Semiconductor electrochemistry and hydrometallurgical dissolution processes.” Hydrometallurgy , 29 , pp. 61 – 90 .
  • Palmer , B. R. , Nebo , C. O. , Rau , M. F. , and Fuerstenau , M. C. , 1981 , “Rate phenomena involved in the dissolution of chalcopyrite in chloride-bearing lixiviants.” Metallurgical Transactions B , 12B , pp. 595 – 601 .
  • Parker , G. K. , Hope , G. A. , and Woods , R. , 2008a , “Gold-enhanced Raman observation of chalcopyrite leaching.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects , 325 , pp. 132 – 140 .
  • Parker , A. , Klauber , C. , Kougianos , A. , Watling , H. R. , and van Bronswijk , W. , 2003 , “An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the mechanism of oxidative dissolution of chalcopyrite.” Hydrometallurgy , 71 , pp. 265 – 276 .
  • Parker , A. J. , Paul , R. , and Power , G. , 1981 , “Electrochemical aspects of leaching copper from chalcopyrite in ferric and cupric salt solutions.” Australian Journal of Chemistry , 34 , pp. 13 – 34 .
  • Parker , G. K. , Woods , R. , and Hope , G. A. , 2008b , “Raman investigation of chalcopyrite oxidation.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects , 318 , pp. 160 – 168 .
  • Peacey , J. , Guo , X. J. , and Robles , E. , 2003 , “Copper hydrometallurgy – Current status, l preliminary economics, future directions and positioning versus smelting.” In Copper-Cobre 2003. Volume VI-Hydrometallurgy of Copper (Book 1) , ( P. A. Riveros , D. Dixon , D. B. Dreisinger , and J. Menacho , Eds.), Santiago , Chile .
  • Rodríguez , Y. , Ballester , A. , Blázquez , M. L. , González , F. , and Muñoz , J. A. , 2003 , “New information on the chalcopyrite bioleaching mechanism at low and high temperature.” Hydrometallurgy , 71 ( 1–2 ), pp. 47 – 56 .
  • Sand , A. , Gehrke , T. , Jozsa , P. , and Schippers , A. , 2001, “(Bio)chemistry of bacterial leaching – direct vs. indirect bioleaching.” Hydrometallurgy , 59, pp. 159–175.
  • Sandström , A. , Shchukarev , A. , and Paul , J. , 2005 , “XPS characterization of chalcopyrite chemically and bio-leached at high and low redox potential.” Minerals Engineering , 18 ( 5 ), pp. 505 – 515 .
  • Schippers , A. and Sand , W. , 1999 , “Bacterial leaching of metal sulfides proceeds by two indirect mechanisms via thiosulfate or via polysulfides and sulfur.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 65 ( 1 ), pp. 319 – 321 .
  • Steudel , R. , 1996 , “Mechanism for the formation of elemental sulfur from aqueous sulfide in chemicals and microbiological desulfurization processes.” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research , 35 , pp. 1417 – 1423 .
  • Steudel , R. and Eckert , B. , 2003 , “Solid sulfur allotropes.” In Topics in Current Chemistry: Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur-Rich Compounds I . Vol: 230 , (R. Steudel, Ed.) Berlin : Springer , pp. 1 – 79 .
  • Stott , M. B. , Watling , H. R. , Franzmann , P. D. , and Sutton , D. , 2000 , “Role of iron-hydroxy precipitates in the passivation of chalcopyrite during bioleaching.” Minerals Engineering , 13 ( 10 ), pp. 1117 – 1127 .
  • Third , K. A. , Cord-Ruwisch , R. , and Watling , H. R. , 2000 , “Role of iron-oxidizing bacteria in stimulation or inhibition of chalcopyrite bioleaching.” Hydrometallurgy , 57 ( 3 ), pp. 225 – 233 .
  • Third , K. A. , Cord-Ruwisch , R. , and Watling , H. R. , 2002 , “Control of the redox potential by oxygen limitation improves bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering , 78 ( 4 ), pp. 433 – 441 .
  • Thurston , R. S. , Mandernack , K. , and Shanks , W. C. , 2010 , “Laboratory chalcopyrite oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation.” Chemical Geology , 269 ( 3–4 ), pp. 252 – 261 .
  • Tshilombo , A. F. and Dixon , D. G. , 2003 , “Mechanisms and kinetics of chalcopyrite passivation during bacterial leaching.” In Copper-Cobre 2003. Volume VI-Hydrometallurgy of Copper (Book 1) , ( P. A. Riveros , D. Dixon , D. B. Dreisinger , and J. Menacho , Eds.), Santiago , Chile .
  • Tshilombo , A. F. , Petersen , J. , and Dixon , D. G. , 2002 , “The influence of applied potentials and temperature on the electrochemical response of chalcopyrite during bacterial leaching.” Hydrometallurgy , 15 , pp. 809 – 813 .
  • Vilcáez , J. , Suto , K. , and Inoue , C. , 2008 , “Bioleaching of chalcopyrite with thermophiles: Temperature–pH–ORP dependence.” International Journal of Mineral Processing , 88 ( 1–2 ), pp. 37 – 44 .
  • Vilcáez , J. , Yamada , R. , and Inoue , C. , 2009 , “Effect of pH reduction and ferric ion addition on the leaching of chalcopyrite at thermophilic temperatures.” Hydrometallurgy , 96 , pp. 62 – 71 .
  • Viramontes-Gamboa , G. , Rivera-Vasquez , B. F. , and Dixon , D. G. , 2007 , “The active-passive behaviour of chalcopyrite - comparative study between electrochemical and leaching responses.” Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 154 ( 6 ), pp. C299 – C311 .
  • Warren , G. W. , Wadsworth , M. E. , and El-Raghy , S. M. , 1982 , “Passive and transpassive anodic behaviour of chalcopyrite in acid solutions.” Metallurgical Transactions B , 13B , pp. 571 – 579 .
  • Watling , H. R. , 2006 , “The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides: A review.” Hydrometallurgy , 84 , pp. 81 – 108 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.