The Depressing Effect of Clay Minerals on the Floatability of Chalcopyrite

References

• Angove, M. J., Johnson, B. B., and Wells, J. D., 1997, “Adsorption of cadmium (II) on kaolinite.” Colloid. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 126, pp. 137–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansari, A., and Pawlik, M., 2007, “Floatability of chalcopyrite and molybdenite in the presence of lignosulfonates. Part I. Adsorption studies.” Mineral. Eng., 20, pp. 600–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickmore, B. R., Nagy, K. L., Sandlin, P. E., and Crater, T. S., 2002, “Quantifying surface areas of clays by atomic force microscopy.” Am. Mineral., 87, pp. 780–783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, P. V., Cygan, R. T., and Nagy, K. L., 1992, “Molecular controls on kaolinite surface charge.” J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 183, pp. 356–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruckard, W. J., Sparrow, G. J., and Woodcock, J. T., 2011, “A review of the effects of the grinding environment on the flotation of copper sulphides.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 100, pp. 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, S., Uribe, L., and Laskowski, J. S., 2014, “Depression of inherently hydrophobic minerals by hydrolysable metal cations: Molybdenite depression in seawater.” XXVII International Mineral Processing Congress-IMPC 2014, Flotation Chemistry Chapter, Santiago, Chile, October 20-24, 2012, pp. 207–217.
   Google Scholar
• Chipera, S. J., and Bish, D. L., 2001, “Baseline studies of the clay minerals society source clays: Powder X-ray diffraction analyses.” Clays Clay Mineral., 49, pp. 398–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekmekci, Z., and Demirel, H., 1997, “Effects of galvanic interaction on collectorless flotation behaviour of chalcopyrite and pyrite.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 52, pp. 31–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmahdy, A. M., Mirnezami, M., and Finch, J. A., 2008, “Zeta potential of air bubbles in presence of frothers.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 89, pp. 40–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, E., Davey, K. J., and Smith, L., 2014, “Decoupling rheology and slime coatings effect on the natural floatability of chalcopyrite in a clay-rich flotation pulp.” Mineral. Eng., 56, pp. 136–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornasiero, D., and Ralston, J., 2005, “Cu(II) and Ni(II) activation in the flotation of quartz, lizardite and chlorite.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 76, pp. 75–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gungor, N., 2000, “Effect of the adsorption of surfactants on the rheology of Nabentonite slurries.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 75, pp. 107–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy, T. W., and Moignard, M. S., 1976, “A review of electrokinetic studies of metal sulfides,” In Flotation, A. M. Gaudin Memorial Volume, Vol. I (M. C. Fuerstenau, Ed.), New York: AIME, pp. 275–297.
   Google Scholar
• Heyes, G. W., and Trahar, W. J., 1979, “Oxidation–reduction effects in the flotation of chalcocite and cuprite.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 6, pp. 229–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holuszko, M. E., Franzidis, J. P., Manlapig, E. V., Hampton, M. A., Donose, B. C., and Nguyen, A. V., 2008, “The effect of surface treatment and slime coating on ZnS hydrophobicity.” Mineral. Eng., 21, pp. 958–966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., Wei, S., Hao, J., Miller, J. D., and Fa, K., 2005, “The anomalous behavior of kaolinite with dodecyl amine collector as explained from crystal structure considerations.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 76, pp. 163–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. B., Russell, A. S., and Scales, P. J., 1998, “Volume fraction effects in shear rheology and electroacoustic studies of concentrated alumina and kaolin suspensions.” Colloid. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 141, pp. 119–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowett, A., El-Sinbawy, H., and Smith, H. G., 1956, “Slime coating of coal in flotation pulps.” Fuel, 35, pp. 303–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelm, U., and Helle, S., 2005, “Acid leaching of malachite in synthetic mixtures of clay and zeolite-rich gangue. An experimental approach to improve the understanding of problems in heap leaching operations.” Appl. Clay Sci., 29, 187–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelm, U., Helle, S., Jerez, O., and Pincheira, M., 2013, “What are copper clays? Geometallurgical implications.” Copper International Conference (COPPER 2013), Santiago, Chile, December 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Lagaly, G., and Ziesmer, S., 2003, “Colloid chemistry of clay minerals: The coagulation of montmorillonite dispersions.” Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 100–102, pp. 105–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskowski, J. S., Yordan, J. L., and Yoon, R. H., 1989, “Electrokinetic potential of microbubbles generated in aqueous solutions of weak electrolyte type surfactants.” Langmuir, 5, pp. 373–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leja, J., 1982, Surface Chemistry of Froth Flotation, New York and London: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Xu, Z., and Masliyah, J., 2003, “Studies on bitumen-silica interactions in aqueous solutions by atomic force microscopy.” Langmuir, 19, pp. 3911–3920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Xu, Z., and Masliyah, J., 2004, “Interaction between bitumen and fines in oil sands extraction system: implication to bitumen recovery.” The Canadian J. Chem. Eng., 82, pp. 655–666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Zhou, Z., Xu, Z., and Masliyah, J., 2002, “Bitumen–clay interactions in aqueous media studied by zeta potential distribution measurement.” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 252, pp. 409–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, A., Bremmell, K., and Addai-Mensah, J., 2005, “Microstructure, rheology and dewatering behaviour of smectite dispersions during orthokinetic flocculation.” Mineral. Eng., 18, pp. 1173–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. K., 1993, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, J. D., and Miller, D. J., 1992, Expansive Soils, Problems and Practice in Foundation and Pavement, New York/Chichester/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• O´Gorman, J. V., and Kitchener, J. A., 1974, “The flocculation and de-watering of kimberlite clay slimes.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 1, pp. 33–49.
   Google Scholar
• Owusu, C., Brito-Abreu, S., Skinner, W., Addai-Mensah, J., and Zanin, M., 2014, “The influence of pyrite content on the flotation of chalcopyrite/pyrite mixtures.” Mineral. Eng., 55, pp. 87–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, Y., and Zhao, S., 2011, “The effect of surface oxidation of copper sulfide minerals on clay slime coating in flotation.” Mineral. Eng., 24, pp. 1687–1693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan, S., and Hsu, L. L., 1984, “Factors affecting the flotation recovery of molybdenite.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 12, pp. 145–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ran, B., and Melton, I. E., 1977, “Particle interactions in aqueous kaolinite suspensions: I. Effect of ph and electrolyte upon the mode of particle interaction in homoionic sodium kaolinite suspensions.” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 60, pp. 308–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saada, A., Siffert, B., and Papier, E., 1995, “Comparison of the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of illites and kaolinites.” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 174, pp. 185–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner, M. F., Zabowski, D., Harrison, R., Lowe, A., and Xue, D., 2001, “Measuring the cation exchange capacity of forest soils.” Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 32, pp. 1751–1764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sworska, A., Laskowski, J. S., and Cymerman, G., 2000, “Flocculation of the syncrude fine tailings: Part I. Effect of pH, polymer dosage and Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 60, pp. 143–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabares, J., Madrid, I., Reyes, J., Sánchez, A., Valdez, D., and López, A., 2006, “Surface properties and floatability of molybdenite,” In Proceedings of 2006 China-Mexico Workshop on Minerals Particle Technology, pp. 115–124.
   Google Scholar
• Todd, E. C., Sherman, D. M., and Purton, J. A., 2003, “Surface oxidation of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) under ambient atmospheric and aqueous (pH 2-10) conditions: Cu, Fe L- and O K-edge X-ray spectroscopy.” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, pp. 2137–2146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanerek, A., Alince, B., and van de Ven, T. G. M., 2006, “Delamination and flocculation efficiency of sodium activated kaolin and montmorillonite.” Colloid. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 273, pp. 193–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wark, I. W., 1938, “Principles of Flotation,” Melborune: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J. A., and Williams, K. P., 1978, “Electrophoresis and zeta potential of kaolinite,” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 65, pp. 79–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, H. J. I., and Kitchener, J. A., 1976, “The problem of dewatering clay slurries: Factors controlling filterability.” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 56, pp. 57–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q., Xu, Z., Bozkurt, V., and Finch, J. A., 1997, “Pyrite flotation in the presence of metal ions and sphalerite.” Int. J. Mineral Process., 52, pp. 187–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S., and Peng, Y., 2012, “The oxidation of copper sulfide minerals during grinding and their interactions with clay particles.” Powder Technol., 230, pp. 112–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar