292
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Evaluation of Ilmenite as Dense Medium for Dry Coal Fluidized Bed Beneficiation

, &

References

  • ASTM D3302/D3302M-12, Standard test method for total moisture in coal, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012. www.astm.org.
  • ASTM D5142-09, Standard test methods for proximate analysis of the analysis sample of coal and coke by instrumental procedures (Withdrawn 2010), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009. www.astm.org.
  • Baeyens, J., and Geldart, D., 1974, “An investigation into slugging fluidized beds.” Chemical Engineering Science, 29. pp. 255–265. doi:10.1016/0009-2509(74)85051-7.
  • Balderson, G. F., 1999. Flowsheet development options for a Greenfield titanium minerals project, In Proceedings of Heavy Minerals Conference. Symposium Series S23, (R. G. Stimson, Ed.), Johannesburg: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 125–136.
  • Chan, E. W., and Beeckman, J. M., 1982, “Pneumatic beneficiation of coal fines using the counter-current fluidized cascade.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 9. pp. 157–165. doi:10.1016/0301-7516(82)90024-2.
  • Chen, Q., and Wei, L., 2003, “Coal dry beneficiation technology in China: the state-of-the-art.” Particuology, 1(2). pp. 52–56. doi:10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60108-0.
  • Choung, J., Mak, C., and Xu, Z., 2006, “Fine coal beneficiation using an air dense medium fluidized bed.” Coal Preparation, 26. pp. 1–15. doi:10.1080/07349340600619345.
  • Dardis, K. A., 1987. The design and operation of heavy medium recovery circuits for improved medium recovery. Proceedings of the Dense Medium Operators Conference. Brisbane: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 157–184.
  • De Korte, G. J., 2010, “Coal preparation research in South Africa.” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 110. pp. 361–364.
  • De Korte, G. J., 2013, Dry processing versus dense medium processing for preparing thermal coal, In 17th International Coal Preparation Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1–6.
  • De Korte, G. J., 2015, “Processing low-grade coal to produce high-grade products.” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 115. pp. 569–572. doi:10.17159/2411-9717/2015/v115n7a2.
  • Dong, L., Zhou, E., Cai, L., Duan, C., Zhao, Y., and Luo, Z., 2016, “Fluidization characteristics of a pulsing dense-phase gas–solid fluidized bed for high-density separation of fine anthracite.” Energy & Fuels, 30(9). pp. 7180–7186. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01468.
  • Dong, X., and Beeckmans, J. M., 1990, “Separation of particulate solids in a pneumatically driven counter-current fluidized Cascade.” Powder Technology, 62. pp. 261–267. doi:10.1016/0032-5910(90)80113-D.
  • Drzymala, J., 2007, Mineral Processing: Foundations of Theory and Practice of Minerallurgy, Wroclaw: Wroclaw University of Technology, p. 271.
  • Dwari, R. K., and Hanumantha, R. K., 2007, “Dry beneficiation of coal—A review.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 28. pp. 177–234. doi:10.1080/08827500601141271.
  • Ergun, S., 1952, “Fluid flow through packed columns.” Chemical Engineering Progress, 48. pp. 89–94.
  • Ermrich, M., and Opper, D., 2013, XRD for the Analyst, Netherlands: PANalytical.
  • Frankland, S. C., 1995. Dry beneficiation of coal. Department of Trade and Industry, Coal Research and Development Programme Contractors, Report No. Coal-R063. Energy Technology Support Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
  • Geldart, D., 1973, “Types of gas fluidization.” Powder Technology, 7. pp. 285–292. doi:10.1016/0032-5910(73)80037-3.
  • Gupta, A., and Yan, D. S., 2006, Mineral Processing Design and Operation: An Introduction, Perth: Elsevier. pp. 549.
  • Gupta, C. K., and Sathiyamoorthy, D., 1999, Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. 498.
  • Hand, P. E., England, T., Michael, D. C., Falcon, L. M., and Yell, A. D., (eds.), 2002, Coal Preparation in South Africa, Johannesburg: The South African Coal Processing Society. pp. 298.
  • Hartnady, C., 2010, “South Africa’s diminishing coal reserves.” South African Journal of Science, 106(9/10). pp. 1–5. doi:10.4102/sajs.v106i9/10.369.
  • Haughey, D. P., and Beveridge, G. G., 1969, “Structural properties of packed beds—a review.” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 47. pp. 130–140. doi:10.1002/cjce.v47:2.
  • He, J., Zhao, Y., He, Y., Luo, Z., Li, H., and Duan, C., 2016, “Hydrodynamic characteristics of the dense medium gas–solid fluidized bed for coal beneficiation and cleaning.” Particulate Science and Technology, 34(2). pp. 173–183. doi:10.1080/02726351.2015.1055353.
  • Hovmand, S., and Davidson, J. F., 1971, Pilot plant and laboratory scale fluidized reactors at high gas velocities: the relevance of slug flow, In Fluidization, (J. F. Davidson and D. Harrison, Eds.), New York: Academic Press, pp. 193–259.
  • Kalenda, T. N., North, B., and Naude, N., 2017. Evaluation of ilmenite as a possible medium in a dry dense medium fluidized bed, In Proceedings of IFSA 2017, Industrial Fluidization South Africa, (T. Hadley and B. North, Eds.), Johannesburg: Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 81–90.
  • Kozanoglu, B., Levy, E. K., Ulge, T., Sahan, R., and Schmitt, T., 1993. Prediction of rates of coal cleaning in a fluidized bed of magnetite. In AIChE Symposium Series, Miami Beach, FL, vol. 89, pp. 150–161.
  • Ling, X., He, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Wang, J., and Wen, B., 2018, “Distributions of size, ash, and density of coal particles along the front discharge section of a compound dry separator.” International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 38(8). pp. 422–432. doi:10.1080/19392699.2016.1278214.
  • Luo, Z., and Chen, Q., 2001, “Effect of fine coal accumulation on dense phase fluidized bed performance.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 63(4). pp. 217–224. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00050-3.
  • Luo, Z. F., Zhu, J. F., Tang, L. G., Zhao, Y. M., Guo, J., Zuo, W., and Chen, S. L., 2010, “Fluidization characteristics of magnetite powder after hydrophobic surface modification.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 94(3–4). pp. 166–171. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2010.02.009.
  • Mak, C., Choung, J., Beauchamp, R., Kelly, D. J. A., and Xu, Z., 2008, “Potential of air dense medium fluidized bed separation of mineral matter for mercury rejection from Alberta sub-bituminous coal.” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 28. pp. 115–132.
  • Mohanta, S., and Meikap, B. C., 2015, “Influence of medium particle size on the separation performance of an air dense medium fluidized bed separator for coal cleaning.” South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 115. pp. 761–766.
  • Mohanta, S., Rao, C. S., Daram, A. B., Chakraborty, S., and Meikap, B. C., 2013, “Air dense medium fluidized bed for dry beneficiation of coal. Technological challenges for future.” Particulate Science and Technology, 31(1). pp. 16–27. doi:10.1080/02726351.2011.629285.
  • Napier–Munn, T. J., 1991, “Modelling and simulating dense medium separation processes.” Minerals Engineering, 4(3/4). pp. 329–346. doi:10.1016/0892-6875(91)90139-M.
  • Nell, J., and Den Hoed, P., 1997. Separation of chromium oxides from ilmenite by roasting and increasing the magnetic susceptibility of Fe,O,-FeTiO3,(ilmenite) solid solutions. Proceedings of Heavy Minerals Conference. Symposium Series S17. R. E. Robinson (ed.). Johannesburg: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 75–78.
  • Sahan, R. A., and Kozanoglu, B., 1997, “Use of an air-fluidized bed separator in a dry coal cleaning process.” Energy Conversion and Management, 38. pp. 269–286. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00044-1.
  • Sahu, A. K., Biswal, S. K., and Parida, A., 2009, “Development of air dense medium fluidized bed technology for dry beneficiation of coal—A review.” International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 29. pp. 216–241. doi:10.1080/19392690903113847.
  • Song, Q., and Tsai, S. C., 1989, “Flotation of ilmenite using benzyl arsonic acid and acidified sodium silicate.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 26. pp. 111–121. doi:10.1016/0301-7516(89)90046-X.
  • Wills, B. A., 2016, An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery, 8th edn., Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 496.
  • Zhao, Y., Li, G., Luo, Z., Zhang, B., Dong, L., Liang, C., and Duan, C., 2017, “Industrial application of a modularized dry-coal-beneficiation technique based on a novel air dense medium fluidized bed.” International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 37(1). pp. 44–57. doi:10.1080/19392699.2015.1125344.
  • Zheng, S., 2016. Large-scale high separation precision air dense medium dry coal beneficiation system, In Proceedings of XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, Russia, (V. Litvinenko, Ed.), Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–15.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.