The Creep Rupture Properties of 9% Chromium Steels and the Influence of Oxidation on Strength

References

• Arev , F. and van Wortel , J. C. Einsatz des hochwarmfesten Chromostahles X10 CrMoVNb9 1 (T9I/P91) fur (Craftwerksbauteile . VGB Conference ‚Residual service life 1992 ’ 6 – 7 July . 1992 . VGB–TB 520 . pp. 5.1–5.39 .
   Google Scholar
• ASTM ( 1986 and 1985 ) Standard Specifications for Seamless Ferriiic Alloys Sleel Pipe and Tube for High Temperature Service . ASTM Specifications A335 A335M-91a (1986) and A213(1985 ). ASTM . Warrendale PA .
   Google Scholar
• Bendick , W. , Haarmann , K. , Ring , M. and Zschau , M. ( 1996 ) Assessment of creep rupture strength of new steels for advanced power plant piping and tubing . In Proc. 9th Int. Symposium on Creep Resistant materials . 23 – 25 September. 1996 . Hradec nad Moraviu. Czech Republic , pp. 276 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , C. , Scarline , R. B. , Mayer , K. H. , Thornton , D. V. and Beech , S. M. , Steam turbine materials high temperature forgings . In Materials for Advanced Power Engineering , Ed. Coutsouradis. D. et al. . Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht . Boston . New York . 1994 . Part I . pp. 47 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Cerjak , H. H. , Hofer , P. , Schaffernak , O. and Weinert , P. Microstruciural development of advanced 9- 12% chromium steels during creep-aspects of modeling . In Proc. 9th Int. Symposium on Creep Resistant Materials , 23 – 25 September . 1996 . Hradec nad Moraviu. Czech Republic , pp. 254 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Foldyna , V. , Jakobova , A. , Vodarek , V. and Kubon , Z. , Chromium modified steels — metallurgical understanding . In Materials for advanced Power Engineering . Ed. Coutsouradis. D. et al . Kluwer Academic Publishers . Dordrecht . Boston . New York . 1994 . Part I . pp. 453 – 464 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldoff , R. M. Towards the standardization of time—temperature parameter usage in elevated temperature data analysis . Proc. Int. Cong. ‚Creep anil fatigue in elevated temperature applications ’. Philadelphia . USA . September. 1973 and Sheffield. UK. April. 1974. 174. 1–8 .
   Google Scholar
• Hald , J. Materials comparisons between NF616. HCM12 A and TBM 12M-III. Microstructural stability and ageing . Proc. EPRI/National Power Conference ‚New Steels for Advanced Plant up to 620°C ’. Ed. Metcalfe, E., PicA . Oxford . 1995 . pp. 152 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• ISO ( 1981 ) Summary of average stress rupture properties of wrought steels for boilers and pressure vessels . ISO Technical Report 7468–1981 (E ).
   Google Scholar
• Larson , F. R. and Miller , J. ( 1952 ) A time — temperature relationship for rupture and creep stresses . Trans. ASME . 74 . 765 – 775 .
   Google Scholar
• Manson , S. S. and Haferd , A. M. ( 1953 ) A linear time—temperature relation for extrapolation of creep and stress rupture data . NACA TN 2890 .
   Google Scholar
• Monkman , F. C. and Grant , N. J. ( 1956 ) An empirical relationship between rupture life and minimum creep rate in creep rupture tests . ASTM Proceedings . 56 . 593 – 620 .
   Google Scholar
• Nippon Steel Corporation , Data Package for NF6I6 Ferritic Steel . January 1993 . Second edition, March. 1994 .
   Google Scholar
• Norton , F. H. ‚ The creep of Sleel at high temperatures ’, McGraw—Hill . New York . 1929 .
   Google Scholar
• Orr , L. R. , Sherby , O. D. and Dorn , J. E. ( 1952 ) Correlations of rupture data for metals cat elevated temperatures . Trans. ASME . 76 . 113 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Quadakkers , W. J. , Thiele , W. J. , Ennis , M. , Teichmann , P. J. and Schwarz , W. Application limits for ferritic austentic materials in steam and simulated combustion gas of advanced fossil fuelled power , Proc. Eurocorr'97 . 22 – 25 September . 1997 , Trondheim , Norway .
   Google Scholar
• Sikka , V. K. , Ward , C. T. and Thomas , K. C. Modified 9Cr-lMo steel—an improved alloy for steam generator application , Proc. Conf. Ferritic Steels for High Temperature Applications . Warren , PA , USA , 6 – 18 October . 1981 . ASM 1983 , pp. 65 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Thiele , M. , Teichmann , H. , Schwarz , W. , Quadakkers , W. J. and Nickel , H. ( 1997 ) Korrosionsverhalten von ferritischen and austenitischen Stahlen in simulierten Rauchgasen von stein—und braunkohlegefeuerten Kraftwerken . VGB Kraftwerk— stechnik . 77 ( 2 ), 135 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Vanstone , R. , Microstructure and creep mechanisms in advanced 9–12% chromium creep resisting steels—a collaborative investigation in COST 501 3 WP11 , In Materials for Advanced Power Engineering , Ed. Coutsouradis. D. et al , Kluwer Academic Publishers . Dordrecht , Boston . New York . 1994 . Part I . pp. 465 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• Wachter , O. , Ennis , P. J. , Czyrska—Filemonowicz, A., Zielinska—Lipiec. A. and Nickel, H., Investigation of the properties of the 9% Cr steel 9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb . Report of tile Research Centre Julich Jul-3074 . ISSN 0944–2952. June . 1995 ( original in German, English translation available ).
   Google Scholar
• Zielinska-Lipiec , A. , Czyrska–Filemonowicz . A. , Ennis , P. J. and Wachter . O. Microstructural evolution and creep properties of 9Cro.5Mo2W steel . In Proc. 9th Int. Symposium on Creep Resistance Maieriuls , 23 – 25 September . 1996 , Hradec nad Moraviu. Czech Republic , pp. 254–263 .
   Google Scholar