- B.J. Luft and J.S. Remington, Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis., 15: 211-222, 1992.
- P. Ambroise-Thomas and H. Pelloux, Toxopasmosis-congenital and in immuno-compromised patients: A parallel. Parasitai. Today., 9: 61-62, 1993.
- J.K. Frenkel, Biology of Toxoplasma gondii, in Congenital Toxplasmosis, P.A. Thomas and P.E. Petersen, (eds.), Paris: Springer, 2000.
- M.A. Slavin, J.D. Meyers, J.S. Remington and R.C. Hackman, Toxoplasma gondii infection in marrow transplant recipients: A 20 year experience. Bone Marrow Transplant, 13: 549-557, 1994.
- J.K. Frenkel, Pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and of infections with organisms resembling Toxoplasma. Ann. NY Acad. Sciences, 64: 215-251, 1956.
- RH. Chandrasekar and F. Momin, Disseminated toxoplasmosis in marrow re-cipients: A report of three cases and a review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant Team. Bone Marrow Transplant, 19: 685-689, 1997.
- K.E. Orr, F.K. Gould, G. Short, J.H. Dark, C.J. Hilton, P.A. Corris and R. Freeman, Outcome of Toxoplasma gondii mismatches in heart transplant recipients over a period of 8 years. J. Infect., 29: 249-253, 1994.
- TG. Wreghitt, M. Hakim, J.J. Gray, A.H. Balfour, RG. Stovin, S. Stewart, J. Scott, TA. English and J. Wallwork, Toxoplasmosis in heart and heart and lung trans-plant recipients. J. Clin. Pathol., 42: 194-199, 1989.
- G. Michel, I. Thuret, H. Chambost, C. Scheiner, C. Mary and H. Perrimond, Lung toxoplasmosis after HLA mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant, 14: 455-457, 1994.
- Y. Suzuki, M.A. Orellana, R.D. Schreiber and J.S. Remington, Interferon-gamma: The major mediator of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. Science, 240: 516-518, 1988.
- I.A. Khan, K.H. Ely and L.H. Kasper, A purified parasite antigen (p30) mediates CDS+ T cell immunity against fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. J. Immunol., 147: 3501-3506, 1991.
- R. Gazzinelli, Y. Xu, S. Hieny, A. Cheever and A. Sher, Simultaneous depletion of CD4+ and CDS+ T lymphocytes is required to reactivate chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol., 149: 175-180, 1992.
- E.Y. Denkers, R.T. Gazzinelli, D. Martin and A. Sher, Emergence of NK1.1+ cells as effectors of IFN-gamma dependent immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in MHC class I- deficient mice. J. Exp. Med., 178: 1465-1472, 1993.
- C.A. Hunter, E. Candolfi, C. Subauste, V. Van Cleave and J.S. Remington, Studies on the role of interleukin-12 in acute murine toxoplasmosis. Immunology, 84: 16-20, 1995.
- M. Deckert-Schluter, A. Rang, D. Weiner, S. Huang, O.D. Wiestier, H. Hof and D. Schluter, Interferon-gamma receptor-deficiency renders mice highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis by decreased macrophage activation. Lab. Inwest., 75: 827-841, 1996.
- T Scharton-Kersten, H. Nakajima, G. Yap, A. Sher and W.J. Leonard, Infection of mice lacking the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)) reveals an unexpected role for CD4 ' T lymphocytes in early IFN-gamma-dependent resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol., 160: 2565-2569, 1998.
- W. Bohne, U. Gross, D.J. Ferguson and J. Heesemann, Cloning and characterization of a bradyzoite-specifically expressed gene (hsp30/bag1) of Toxoplasmagondii, related to genes encoding small heat-shock proteins of plants. MoI. Microbiol., 16: 1221-1230, 1995.
- U. Gross, M.C. Kempf, F. Seeber, C.G. Luder, R. Lugert and W. Bohne, Reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis: Is there a link to strain-specific differences in the parasite? Behring Inst. Mitt., 97-106, 1997.
- J.P. Dubey, G.V. Swan and J.K. Frenkel, A simplified method for isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from the feces of cats. J. Parasitol., 58: 1005-1006, 1972.
- K. Lingelbach and K.A. Joiner, The parasitophorous vacuole membrane surrounding Plasmodium and Toxoplasma: An unusual compartment in infected cells. J. Cell. Sci., Ill: 1467-1475, 1998.
- V.B. Carruthers and L.D. Sibley, Sequential protein secretion from three distinct organelles of Toxoplasma gondii accompanies invasion of human fibroblasts. Eur. J. Cell. Biol., 73: 114-123, 1997.
- P.M. Sasono and J.E. Smith, Toxoplasma gondii: An ultrastructural study of hostcell invasion by the bradyzoite stage. Parasitol. Res., 84: 640-645, 1998.
- L. Jacobs, J.S. Remington and M.L. Melton, The resistance of the encysted form of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Parasitol., 46: 11-21, 1960.
- L. Jacobs, J.S. Remington and M.L. Melton, A survey of meat samples from swine, cattle, and sheep for the presence of Toxoplasma. J. Parasitol., 46: 23-28, 1960.
- J.K. Frenkel, The stage-conversion time of Toxoplasma gondii: Interpretation of chemical-biologic data out of parasitologic or host context. Parasitol. Res., 82: 656-658, 1996.
- U. Gross, W. Bohnern, M. Soete and J.F. Dubremetz, Developmental differentiation between tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitai. Today, 12: 30-33, 1996.
- J.P. Dubey, C.A. Speer, S.K. Shen, O.G. H. Kwok and J.A. Blixt, Oocyst-induced murine toxoplasmosis: Life cycle, pathogenicity, and stage conversion in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. J. Parasitai. Today, 83: 870-882, 1997.
- J.S. Remington and E.N. Cavanaugh, Isolation of encysted form of Toxoplasma gondii from human skeletal muscle and brain. New Engl. J. Med., 273: 1303-1310, 1965.
- W. Luo, F. Aosai, M. Ueda, K. Yamashita, K. Shimizu, S. Sekiya and A. Yano, Kinetics in parasite abundance in susceptible and resistant mice infected with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii by using quantitative competitive PCR. J. Parasitol., 83: 1070-1074, 1997.
- H. Hata, F. Aosai, H.S. Mun, M. Chen, M. Kobayashi, A.A. Khairul, H. Kubosawa and A. Yano, Identification of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites by a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction method after the acid treatment. Jpn. J. Trap. Med. Hyg., 28: 189-192, 2000.
- J.K. Frenkel, J.P. Dubey and R.L. Hoff, Loss of stages after continuous passage of Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni. J. Protozool., 23: 421-424, 1976.
- J.P. Dubey and J.K. Frenkel, Toxoplasmosis of rats: A review, with considerations of their value as an animal model and their possible role in epidemiology. Vet. Parasitol., 77: 1-32, 1998.
- R.T. Gazzinelli, F.T. Hakim, S. Hieny, G.M. Shearer and A. Sher, Synergistic role of CD4+' and CDS+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. J. Immunol., 146: 286-292, 1991.
- G. Trinchieri, Interleukin-12 and its role in the generation of TH1 cells. Immunol. Today, 14: 335-338, 1993.
- J.G. Montoya, K.E. Lowe, C. Clayberger, D. Moody, D. Do, J.S. Remington, S. Talib and C.S. Subauste, Human CD4+ and CDS+ T lymphocytes are both cytotoxic to Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells. Infect. Immun., 64: 176-181 1996.
- J. Alexander and C.A. Hunter, Immunoregulation during toxoplasmosis. Chem. Immunol., 70:81-102, 1998.
- T.H. Yang, F. Aosai, K. Norose, M. Ueda and A. Yano, Enhanced cytotoxicity of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for T. gondii-infected human melanoma cells. J. Immunol., 154: 290-298, 1995.
- A. Yano, F. Aosai, M. Ohta, H. Hasekura, K. Sugane and S. Hayashi, Antigen presentation by Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells to CD4+ proliferative T cells and CDS' cytotoxic cells. J. Parasitol., 75: 411-416, 1989.
- F. Aosai, T.H. Yang, M. Ueda and A. Yano, Isolation of naturally processed peptides from a Toxoplasma gondii-infected human B lymphoma cell line that are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Parasitol., 80: 260-266, 1994.
- A. Yano, S. Ohno, K. Norose, T. Baba, K. Yamashita, F. Aosai and K. Segawa, Antigen presentation by Toxoplasma -infected cells: Antigen entry through cell membrane fusion. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol, 98: 13-17, 1992.
- T.H. Yang, F. Aosai, K. Norose, H.S. Mun and A. Yano, Heat shock cognate protein 71-associated peptides function as an epitope for Toxoplasma gondii-specific CD4+ CTL. Microbiol. Immunol, 41: 553-561, 1997.
- H.S. Mun, F. Aosai, K. Norose, M. Chen, H. Hata, Y.I. Tagawa, Y. Iwakura, D.S. Byun and A. Yano, Toxoplasma gondii Hsp70 as a danger signal in Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice. Cell Stress. Chaperones, 5: 328-335, 2000.
- R.T. Gazzinelli, S. Hieny, TA. Wynn, S. Wolf and A. Sher, Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon gamma by an intra-cellular parasite and induces resistance in T-cell-deficient hosts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 6115-6119, 1993.
- C.D. Jun, S.H. Kim, C.T. Soh, S.S. Kang and H.T. Chung, Nitric oxide mediates the toxoplasmastatic activity of murine microglial cells in vitro. Immunol. Invest., 22: 487-501, 1993.
- J.A. Langermans, M.E. Van der Hulst, P.H. Nibbering, P.S. Hiemstra, L. Fransen and R. Van Furth, IFN-gamma-induced L-arginine-dependent toxoplasmastatic activity in murine peritoneal macrophages is mediated by endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Immunol, 148: 568-574, 1992.
- W. Bohne, J. Heesemann and U. Gross, Reduced replication of Toxoplasma gondii is necessary for induction of bradyzoite-specific antigens: A possible role for nitric oxide in triggering stage conversion. Infect Immun, 62: 1761-1767, 1994.
- M. Kobayashi, F. Aosai, H. Hata, H.S. Mun, Y. Tagawa, Y. Iwakura and A. Yano, Toxoplasma gondii: Difference of invasion into tissue of digestive organs between susceptible and resistant strain and influence of IFN-gamma in mice inoculated with the cysts perorally. J. Parasitol., 85: 973-975, 1999.
- K. Norose, H.S. Mun, F. Aosai, M. Chen, H. Hata, Y. Tagawa, Y. Iwakura and A. Yano, Organ infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii in interferon-gamma knockout mice. J. Parasitol., 87: 447-452, 2001.
- L.H. Kasper, I.A. Khan, K.H. Ely, R. Buelow and J.C. Boothroyd, Antigen-specific (p30) mouse CDS+ T cells are cytotoxic against Toxoplasma gondii-infected peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol., 148: 1493-1498, 1992.
- E.Y. Denkers, R.T. Gazzinelli, S. Hieny, P. Caspar and A. Sher, Bone marrow macrophages process exogenous Toxoplasma gondii polypeptides for recognition by parasite-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol., 150: 517-526, 1993.
- Y. Suzuki and J.S. Remington, The effect of anti-IFN-gamma antibody on the protective effect of Lyt-2+ immune T cells against toxoplasmosis in mice. J. Immunol., 144: 1954-1956, 1990.
- E.Y. Denkers, A. Sher and R.T. Gazzinelli, CD8+ T-cell interactions with Toxoplasma gondii: Implications for processing of antigen for class-I-restricted recognition. Res. Immunol., 144: 51-57, 1993.
- K. Yamashita, K. Yui, M. Ueda and A. Yano, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated lysis of Toxoplasma gondii-infected target cells does not lead to death of intracellular parasites. Infect. Immun., 66: 4651-4655, 1998.
- S.J. Parker, C.W. Roberts and J. Alexander, CDS+ T cells are the major lymphocyte subpopulation involved in the protective immune response to Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 84: 207-212, 1991.
- M.B. Purner, R.L. Berens, P.B. Nash, A. van Linden, E. Ross, C. Kruse, E.C. Krug and T.J. Curiel, CD4-mediated and CDS-mediated cytotoxic and proliferative immune responses to Toxoplasma gondii in seropositive humans. Infect. Immun., 64: 4330-4338, 1996.
- J.L. Burg, D. Perelman, L.H. Kasper, RL. Ware and J.C. Boothroyd, Molecular analysis of the gene encoding the major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol., 141: 3584-3591, 1988.
- A. Yano, H.S. Mun, T.H. Yang, H. Hata, M. Kobayashi, K. Norose, S. Hayakawa, Y. Tagawa, Y. Iwakura, S. Nakazaki, Y. Nakazaki, S. Sekiya, A. Yamaura, H. Kubosawa, N. Yumoto and F. Aosai, Roles of lFN-? in Effector Mechanisms and Pathogenicity of HSPs in Mice and Human Infected with Toxoplasma gondii. I. Tada, S. Kojima and M. Tsuji, (eds.), ICOPA IX. International Proceedings Division, Chiba, 1998.
- H.S. Mun, F. Aosai and A. Yano, Role of Toxoplasma gondii HSP70 and Toxoplasma gondii HSP30/bagl in antibody formation and prophylactic immunity in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Microbiol. Immunol., 43: 471-479, 1999.
- L.M. Weiss, Y.F. Ma, P.M. Takvorian, H.B. Tanowitz and M. Wittner, Bradyzoite development in Toxoplasma gondii and the HSP70 stress response. Infect. Immun., 66: 3295-3302, 1998.
- N.M. Suva, R.T. Gazzinelli, D.A. Suva, E.A. Ferro, L.H. Kasper and J.R. Mineo, Expression of Toxoplasma gondii-specific heat shock protein 70 during in vivo conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites. Infect. Immun., 66: 3959-3963, 1998.
- E. Konishi, Monoclonal antibodies multireactive with parasite antigens produced by hybridomas generated from naive mice. Parasitology, 115: 387-393, 1997.
- M. Chen, F. Aosai, H.S. Mun, K. Norose, H. Hata and A. Yano, Anti-HSP70 autoantibody formation by B-1 cells in Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice. Infect. Immun., 68: 4893-4899, 2000.
- X.F. Qin, S. Schwers, W. Yu, F. Papavasiliou, H. Suh, A. Nussenzweig, K. Rajewsky and M.C. Nussenzweig, Secondary V(D) J recombination in B-1 cells. Nature, 397: 355-359, 1999.
- [64) K. Hayakawa, R.R. Hardy and L.A. Herzenberg, Peritoneal Ly-I B cells: Genetic control, autoantibody production, increased lambda light chain expression. Ear. J. Immunol., 16: 450-456, 1986.
- R.R. Hardy, C.E. Carmack, Y.S. Li and K. Hayakawa, Distinctive developmental origins and specificities of murine CDS' B cells. Immunol. Rev., 137:91-118, 1994.
ROLES OF IFN-γ ON STAGE CONVERSION OF AN OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PROTOZOAN PARASITE, Toxoplasma Gondii
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.