HIV-1 gp120 AND IMMUNE NETWORK

REFERENCES

• A. S., Fauci. Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: implications for therapy. Science. 262: 1011–1018, 1993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. H., Katz. AIDS: Primarily a viral or an autoimmune disease. AIDS Res. Human Retrovir.. 9: 489–493, 1993
   Google Scholar
• N. K., Jerne. Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann. Immunol.. 125C: 373–389, 1974
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A., Coutinho. Beyond clonal section and network. Immunol. Rev.. 110: 63–87, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L., Ziegler. Hypothesis: AIDS is an autoimmune disease directed at the immune system and triggered by a lymphotropic retroviruses. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.. 41: 305–313, 1986, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G. W., Hoffman, T. A., Kion, M. D., Grant. An idiotypic network model for AIDS Pathogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 3060–3064, 1991, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• S., Karpatkin, M. A., Nardi, Y. H., Kouri. Internal-image anti-idiotype HIV-1 gp120 antibody in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive individuals with thrombocytopenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 1487–1491, 1992, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• P., Cordiali, V., Balzarotti, S., Morante, S., Parisi, V., Pugliese, B., Camponeschi, V., Colizzi. Convergent evolution in the homology between HIV gp160 and HLA class II molecules. AIDS. Res. Human Retrovir.. 8: 1561–1565, 1992, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• H. D., Habeshaw, E. L., Hounsell, A. G., Dalgleish. Does the HIV envelope induce a chronic graft-versus-host-like disease?. Immunol. Today. 13: 207–210, 1992, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• V., Veljkovic, R., Metlas. HIV and idiotypic T-cell regulation: another view. Immun. Today. 15: 38, 1992
   Google Scholar
• R., Metlas, V., Veljkovic. Does the HIV-1 manipulate immune network via gp120 immunoglobulin-like domain involving V3 loop?. Vaccine. 13: 355–359, 1995, [CSA], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• J. R., Lamb, M., Feldmann. A human supressor T cell clone which recognizes an autologous helper T cell clone. Nature. 300: 456–458, 1982, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• H. W., Jr., Schroeder, J. Y., Mang. Preferential utilization of conserved immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene segments during human life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 6147–6151, 1990
   Google Scholar
• R. D., German, P. J., Doherty, D. H., Raulet. Diversity rearrangement and expression of murine T cell gamma genes. Cell. 45: 733–742, 1986, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• J. L., Strominger. Developmental biology of T cell receptors. Science. 244: 943–950, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. R., Cohen, D. B., Young. Autoimmunity, microbial immunity and the immuno-logical homunculus. Immunol. Today. 14: 105–110, 1991, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• E. R., Unanue. Macrophages, antigen presenting cells and the phenomena of antigen handing and presentation, In. Fundamental Immunology, W. E., Paul, New York, Raven Press. 1989; p. 95
   Google Scholar
• R. W., Chesnut, H. M., Grey. Antigen presentation by B cells and its significance in T-B interaction. Adv. Immunol.. 39: 51–60, 1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D. L., Muellier, M. K., Jenkins, R. H., Schwartz. Clonal expansion versus functional clonal inactivation: A costimulatory signalling pathway determines the outcome of T cell antigen receptor occupancy. Ann. Rev. Immunol.. 7: 445–480, 1989, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• F., Celada, E. E., Sercarz. Preferential pairing of T-B specificities in the same antigen: the concept of directional help. Vaccine. 6: 794–797, 1989
   Google Scholar
• E. J., Fuchs, P., Matzinger. B cells turn of virgin but not memory T cells. Science. 258: 1156–1159, 1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I., Lundkvist, A., Coutinho, F., Valera, D., Holmberg. Evidence for a functional idiotypic network among natural antibodies in normal mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 5074–5078, 1989, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S., Weiss, B., Bogen. B-lymphoma cells process and present their endogenous immunoglobulin to major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells. Proc. Tatl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 282–286, 1989, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T., Tokuhisa, K., Rajewsky. Antigen induced chronic idiotype suppression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 4127–4131, 1985
   Google Scholar
• E. B., Dun, K., Bottomley. T-15 specific helper T-cells: Analysis of idiotype specificity by competitive inhibition analysis. Eur. J. Immunol.. 15: 851–854, 1985
   Google Scholar
• P., Pereira, A., Bandeira, A., Countinho. V-region connectivity in T cell repertoires. Annu. Rev. Immunol.. 1: 569–573, 1983, [CSA], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• J. C., Parra, M. S., Lima, G., Gazzinelli, D. G., Colley. Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni XV. Antiidiotypic T cells can recognize and respond to anti-SEA idiotypes directly. J. Immunol.. 140: 2401–2405, 1988
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D. W., Metzger, A., Furman, A., Miller, E. E., Sercarz. Idiotypic repertoire of anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme antibodies probed with hybridoma. J. Exp. Med.. 154: 701–705, 1981, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• P. L., Nara, R. R., Garrity, J., Goudsmit. Neutralization of HIV-1: A paradox of humoral proportion. FAEB J.. 5: 2437–2455, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H., Wang, S., Muller, S., Zolla-Pazner, H., Kohler. Human monoclonal and polyclonal antihuman immunodeficiency virus-1 antibodies share a common clonotypic specificity. Eur. J. Immunol.. 22: 1749–1755, 1992, [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• H., Kohler, J., Goudsmith, P., Nara. Clonal dominance: Cause for a limited and failing immune response to HIV-1 infection and vaccination, Acquir. Immune.. Defic. Syndr.. 5: 1158–1168, 1992, [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• S., Muller, P. Nara, D'Ameilo, R., Basselli, D., Gold, H., Wang. Clonal patterns in the human immune response to HIV-1 infection. Int. Rev. Immunol.. 9: 1–14, 1992
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• A., Kupfer, A. J., Singer. Molecular dynamics in the membrane of helper T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85: 8216–8220, 1988, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• S. M., Rudich, K. H., Roux, R. J., Winchester, P. K.A., Mongini. Anti-IgM mediated B cell signaling. J. Exp. Med.. 168: 247–366, 1988, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J., Kaye, S., Porcelli, J., Tite, B., Jones, C. A., Jr., Janeway. Both a monoclonal antibody and antisera specific for determinants unique to individual cloned helper T cell lines can substitute for antigen and antigen-presenting cells in the activation of T cells. J. Exp. Med.. 158: 836–856, 1983, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. C., Poskitt, M. J. B., Jean-Francois, S., Turnbull, L., MacDonald, D., Yasmeen. Internal immage (Ab2b) anti-idiotype vaccines. Theoretical and practical aspects. Vaccine. 9: 792–796, 1991, [CSA], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K., Javaherian, A. J., Langlious, C., McDanal, K. L., Ross, L. I., Eckler, C. I., Jellis. Principal neutralizing domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 6768–6772, 1989, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. L., Nara, W. G., Robey, S. W., Pyle, W. C., Hatch, N. M., Dunlop, J. W., Bess. Purified envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficency virus type 1 variants induce individual type-specific neutralizing antibodies. J. Virol.. 62: 2622–2628, 1988, [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• R. B., Taylor, W. P. H., Duffus, M. C., Raff, S., DePetris. Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibody. Nature. 233: 255–258, 1971
   Google Scholar
• N., Chirmule, V. S., Kalyanaraman, S., Lederman, N., Oyaizu, H., Yagura, M. J., Hellin. HIV-gp160-induced T cell-dependent B cell differentiation. J. Immunol.. 150: 2478–2486, 1993
   Google Scholar
• L., Berberian, L., Goodglick, T. J., Kipps, J., Braun. Immunoglobulin VHIII gene products: Natural ligand for HIV gp120. Science. 261: 1588–1591, 1993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. R., Neurath, N., Strick, P., Taylor, P., Rubinstein, E. C., Stevens. Search for epitope-specific antibody responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins signifying resistance to disease development. AIDS Res. Human. Retrovir.. 6: 1183–1192, 1990, [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• V., Veljkovic, R., Metlas, J., Raspopovic, S., Pongor. Spectral and sequence similarity between vasoactive intestinal peptide and the second conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120): Possible consequences on prevention and therapy of AIDS. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.. 189: 705–710, 1992, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• V., Veljkovic, R., Metlas, D., Vojvodic, Lj., Cavor, N., Pejinovic, A., Dujic, S., Zakhariev, S., Pongor. Natural autoantibodies cross-react with a peptide derived from the second conserved region of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.. 196: 1019–1024, 1993, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• R., Metlas, D., Trajkovic, T., Srdic, V., Veljkovic, A., Colombatti. Human immunodeficiency virus V3 peptidereactive antibodies are present in normal HIV-negative sera. AIDS Res. Human Retrovir.. 15: 671–677, 1999, [CSA], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• R., Metlas, D., Trajkovic, T., Srdic, V., Veljkovic, A., Colombatti. Anti-V3 and anti-IgG antibodies of healthy individuals share complementarity structures. J. Acqu. Immun. Defic. Synd.. 21: 266–270, 1999
   Google Scholar
• B., Solder, P., Marschang, H., Wachter, M. P., Dierich, S., Nayyar, I. V., Lewin, D. R., Stanworth. Anti-viral antibodies in HIV (HTLVIIII) infection possess auto-antibody activity against a CH1 domain determinant in human IgG: Possible immunological consequences. Immunol. Lett.. 23: 9–19, 1989, [CSA], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• C., Susal, I. V., Lewin, D. R., Stanworth, P., Ternes, V., Daniel, H. H., Oberg, A., Huth-Kuhne, R., Zimmermann, G., Opelz. Anti-IgG autoantibodies in HIV-infected hemophilia patients. Vox Sang. 62: 224–229, 1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C., Susal, M., Kopelin, V., Daniel, G., Opelz. Molecular mimicry between HIV-1 and antigen receptor molecules: A clue to the pathogenesis of AIDS. Vox Sang. 65: 10–17, 1993
   Google Scholar
• D. F., Lake, S. F., Schluter, E., Wang, R. M., Bernstein, A. B., Edmundson, J. J., Marchalonis. Autoantibodies to the alpha/beta T-cell receptors in human immunodeficency virus infection: Dysregulation and mimicry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 10849–10849, 1994, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J., Sheikh, B., Souberbielle, M., Westby, B., Austein, A. G., Dalgleish. The gp120 envelope of HIV-1 binds and presents peptides in a similar manner to human leukocyte antigen. AIDS. 13: 1799–1801, 1999, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Z. Q., Wang, H. W., Horowitz, T., Orlikowsky, B. I., Hahn, V., Trejo, A. S., Bapat, R. S., Mittler, R. J., Rayanade, S. Y., Yang, M. K., Hoffmann. Polyspecific self-reactive antibodies in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus facilitate T cell deletion and inhibit costimulatory accessory cell function. J. Infect. Dis.. 180: 1072–1079, 1999
   Google Scholar