Polarization as a Function of Citizen Predispositions and Exposure to News on the Internet

References

• Bartels, L. M. (1993). Messages received: The political impact of media exposure. American Political Science Review, 87, 267–285. doi:10.2307/2939040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L. (2009). News content: Four information biases that matter. News: The politics of illusion (8th ed., pp. 32–72). New York, NY: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Berelson, B. (1952). Democratic theory and public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 16, 313–330. doi:10.1086/266397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. (1989). Press and public: Who reads what, when, where, and why in American newspapers (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2004). Complementarity in consumption of news types across traditional and new media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 41–60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, D. (1986). Recent research on selective exposure. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 41–80.
   Google Scholar
• Graf, J., & Aday, S. (2008). Selective attention to online political information. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 86–100. doi:10.1080/08838150701820874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Matthes, J. (2009). Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 924–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda, K., & Boase, J. (2011). Multiple discussion networks and their consequence for political participation. Communication Research, 38, 660–683. doi:10.1177/0093650210395063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59, 19–39. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jervis, R. (1993) The drunkard's search. In S. Iyengar & W. J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 338–360). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974) Utilization of mass communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communication: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19–32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Meng, J. (2009). Looking the other way: Selective exposure to attitude-consistent and counterattitudinal political information. Communication Research, 36, 426–448. doi:10.1177/0093650209333030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McChesney, R., & Nichols, J. (2010). The death and life of American journalism: The media revolution that will begin the world again. New York, NY: Nation Books.
   Google Scholar
• McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Merrill, J. C., & Lowenstein, R. L. (1979). Media, men, and messages: New perspectives in communication (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Nie, N. H., Miller, D. W.III, Golde, S., Butler, D. M., & Winneg, K. (2010). The world wide Web and the U.S. political news market. American Journal of Political Science, 54, 428–439. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00439.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center for the People & the Press (2010). The people and their government: Distrust, discontent, anger, and partisan rancor. Available from http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/606.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center for the People & the Press (2012). In changing news landscape, even television is vulnerable. Available from http://www.people-press.org/2012/09/27/in-changing-news-landscape-even-television-is-vulnerable/.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, A. M. (2009) Uses and gratifications perspective on media effects. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 165–184). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58–84. doi:10.1177/009365087014001004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60, 556–576. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tewksbury, D. (2005). The seeds of audience fragmentation: Specialization in the use of online news sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49, 332–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewksbury, D., & Rittenberg, J. (2012). News on the Internet: Information and citizenship in the 21st century. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valentino, N. A., Banks, A. J., Hutchings, V. L., & Davis, A. K. (2009). Selective exposure in the Internet age: The interaction between anxiety and information utility. Political Psychology, 30, 591–613. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00716.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar