References
- Anderson, James M., Nidhi K., Stanley, K. D., Sorensen, P., Samaras, C., and Oluwatola, O. A. 2014. Autonomous vehicle technology: A guide for policymakers. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
- Anscombe, G. E. M. 1958. Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy 33:1–19. doi:10.1017/S0031819100037943.
- Asveld, L., and S. Roeser. 2009. The ethics of technological risk. London: Routledge.
- Bentham, J. 1843. Rationale of Reward, Book 3, Chapter 1. In The Works of Jeremy Bentham, ed. by J. Bowring, vol. 8. Edinburgh: William Tait.
- Biletzki, A. 2013. Meaning as use in the digital turn. Accessed March 4, 2017. http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/1899.
- Bonnefon, J. F., A. Shariff, and I. Rahwan. 2016. The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science 352 (6293):1573–76. doi:10.1126/science.aaf2654.
- Bonnefon, J.F., Shariff, A., and Rahwan, I. 2015. Autonomous vehicles need experimental ethics: Are we ready for utilitarian cars? Accessed October 28, 2015. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.03346v1.pdf.
- Brooks, R., Selman, B., Dean, T., Horvitz, E., Mitchell, T. M., and Nilsson, N. J.(1996). ‘Challenge problems for artificial intelligence (panel statements)’, in Proceedings of AAAI-96, pp 1340–45. Massachusetts, AAAI: MIT Press.
- Chen, C., Seff, A., Kornhauser, A., and Xiao, J. 2015. ‘Deep Driving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Driving.’ IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2015: 2722–30. doi:10.1109/ICCV.2015.312
- Cheng, H. 2011. Autonomous intelligent vehicles theory, algorithms and implementation. London: Springer.
- Chopra, S., and L. F. White, (2011). ‘A legal theory for autonomous artificial agents’ Accessed March 12, 2017. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=J5IoSzOKZlUC&pgis=1.
- Coeckelbergh, M. 2016. Responsibility and the moral phenomenology of using self-driving cars Applied Artificial Intelligence 30 (8):748–57. doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1229759.
- Dogan, E., Chatila, R., Chauvier, S., Evans, K., Hadjixenophontos, P., & Perrin, J. (2016). Ethics in the design of automated vehicles: The AVEthics project. Accessed March 21, 2017. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1668/paper2.pdf.
- Foot, P. 1978. The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect. In Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy, ed. P. Foot, 19–32. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Gerdes, J., and S. Thornton. 2015. Implementable ethics for autonomous vehicles. In Autonomes Fahren, ed. Markus Maurer, J., Lenz, B., & Winner, H., 87–102. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. Accessed February 8th, 2017. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-458549_5_OnlinePDF.
- Goodall, N. 2014a. Ethical decision making during automated vehicle crashes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2424:58–65. doi:10.3141/2424-07.
- Goodall, N. J. 2016. Away from trolley problems and toward risk management’. Applied Artificial Intelligence 30 (8):810–21. doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1229922.
- Hermitte, T. (2012) Review of accident causation models used in road accident research of the EC FP7 project DaCoTA. Accessed January 15th, 2017. http://www.dacota-project.eu/Deliverables/DaCoTA_WP5_D5_9_Review_of_Accident_Causation_models_vf.pdf..
- Hevelke, A., and J. Nida-Rümelin. 2015. Responsibility for crashes of autonomous vehicles: An ethical analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics 21 (3):619–30. doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9565-5.
- Joyce, R. 2003. The myth of morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Kant, I. 1783. 1985. Groundwork to the metaphysics of morals, trans, H. J. Paton. Hutchinson: London.
- Kumfer, W. J., S. J. Levulis, M. D. Olson, and R. A. Burgess. 2016. A human factors perspective on ethical concerns of vehicle automation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 60:1844–48. Accessed February 1, 2017. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1541931213601421.
- Lin, P. (2013). The ethics of saving lives with autonomous cars are far murkier than you think. Accessed January 15, 2017. http://www.wired.com/2013/07/the-surprising-ethics-of-robot-cars.
- Lin, P. 2015. Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. In Autonomes Fahren, ed. Maurer, M, Gerdes, J. C., Lenz, B., and Winner, H., 69–85. Germany: Springer.
- Malle, B. 2014. Moral competence in Robots. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 273:189–98.
- Maurer, M., Gerdes, J. C., Lenz, B., and Winner, H. 2016. Autonomous driving: Technical, legal and social aspects. Berlin: Springer Open.
- McCarthy, J. (1996) What has AI in common with philosophy? Accessed January 9th, 2017. http://wwwformal.stanford.edu/jmc/aiphil.pdf.
- McCarthy, J., M. L. Minsky, N. Rochester, and C. E Shannon. 1955. A proposal for the dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence. Ai Magazine 27 (4):12–14.
- Meiring, G. A., and H. C. Myburgh. 2015. A Review of Intelligent Driving Style Analysis Systems and Related Artificial Intelligence Algorithms. Sensors (Basel) 15(12): 30653–30682. doi:10.3390/s151229822
- Millar, J. 2014. ‘Proxy prudence: rethinking models of responsibility for semi-Autonomous robots. Proceedings of We Robot. Coral Gables, FL: The University of Miami School of Law. Accessed April 7th, 2017. http://robots.law.miami.edu/2014/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Proxy-Prudence-RethinkingModels__-of-Responsibility-for-Semiautonomous-Robots-Millar.pdf.
- Millar, J. 2016. The momentous advance in artificial intelligence demands a new set of ethics. Accessed May 11th, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/13/artificial-intelligence-robots-ethicshuman-control.
- Nyholm, S., and J. Smids. 2016. ‘The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: An applied trolley problem?’. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19 (5):1275–89. doi:10.1007/s10677-016-9745-2.
- Rose, B. (2016). The myth of autonomous vehicles.(Accessed March 15th, 2017) https://techcrunch.com/tag/ethics/.
- Selman, B. Brooks, R. A., Dean, T., Horvitz, E., Mitchell, T. M., & Nilsson, N. J. (1996). Challenge problems for artificial intelligence. AAAI’96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence, Portland, OR, Volume 2 pp 1340–45.
- Sunstein, C. 2005. Moral heuristics (2005). Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28:531–73. doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000099.
- Thomson, J. 1985. The trolley problem. The Yale Law Journal 94 (6):1395–415. doi:10.2307/796133.
- Trappl, R. (2016) Ethical systems for self-driving cars: An introduction. Applied Artificial Intelligence 30 (8):745747.
- Van Den Beukel, A. P., and M. C. Van Der Voort (2016) ‘Driving automation & changed driver’s task - Effect of driver-interfaces on intervention’. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings (IV) 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Van Suntum, U. 1984. Methodische probleme der volkswirtschaftlichen bewertung von verkehrsunfaellen. Z Verkehrswiss 55 (3).
- Walker-Smith, B. (2012). http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2012/03/driving-perfection
- Wallach, W., and C. Allen. 2008. Moral machines: Teaching robots right from wrong. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Wang, J., and X. Wang. 2011. An ontology-based traffic accident risk mapping framework. In Advances in spatial and temporal databases. SSTROLLEY DILEMMA 2011. Lecture notes in computer science, ed. Pfoser D., Tao, Y., Mouratidis, K., Nascimento, M. A., Mokbel, M., Shekhar, S., and Huang, Y. A. N. vol. 6849, 21–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
- Young, S. (2016). The moral algorithm: how to set the moral compass for autonomous vehicles moral decisions by autonomous vehicles and the need for regulation. (Accessed May 9, 2017) https://gowlingwlg.com/getmedia/0eb5a71b-37fb-4ea9-a2c5-065fbc0d1e10/161205the_moral_algorithm