REFERENCES
- Bykivinia is located in the northeastern suburbs of Kiev. The Ukrainian authorities have stated that between 6,329 and 6,783 victims of Stalin's terror are buried at Bykivinia. This is almost certainly too low. The gravesite also includes more than 2,000 “spies” and nationalists shot in 1939–1940 and Soviet soldiers shot for desertion in the first days of the war, as well as more than 7,000 victims of the Nazi terror.
- Quoted in Ivo Banac, ed., The Diary of Georgi Dmitrov (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 65.
- These include Orlando Figes, The Whisperers (London: Allen Lane, 2007); Nicholas Werth, Cannibal Island (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007); Lynne Viola, The Unknown Gulag (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); and Tim Tzouliadis, The Forsaken: An American Tragedy in Stalin's Russia (New York: The Penguin Press, 2008). See also www.memorial.ru for Russian monographs on the Terror, which include Stalinskie Rasstrel'ni Spiski (Stalin's Shooting Lists)—memorandum from the secret police to Stalin authorizing the execution of more than 35,000 men and women.