The Effect of Real Exchange Rate Volatility on the Trade of Educational Services

References

• Abbott, M., and E. Ali. 2005. “The Impact of Exchange Rate Variations and University Reputation on the Choice of Destinations of International Students.” Working Paper No. 13, Centre for Research in International Education, Auckland, New Zealand. Accessed June 20, 2016. http://crie.org.nz/research-papers/Abbott-Ali.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Abbott, M., and E. Ali. 2009. “The Impact of Exchange Rate Variations and University Reputation on the Choice of Destinations of International Students in Australia and New Zealand.” Journal of Economic and Social Policy 13:Article 7.
   Google Scholar
• Adlung, R., and H. Mamdouh. 2013. “How to Design Trade Agreements in Services: Top down or Bottom Up?” World Trade Organization Staff Working Paper ERSD-2013-08, World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, I. E., and J. Seaman. 2013. Changing Course: Ten Years of Tracking Online Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group & Quahog Research Group, L.L.C. Accessed October 14, 2014. http://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/changingcourse.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J., C. A. Milot, and Y. V. Yotov. 2014. “How Much Does Geography Deflect Services Trade? Canadian Answers.” International Economic Review 55:791–818. doi:10.1111/iere.12071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arize, A. C., T. Osang, and D. J. Slottje. 2000. “Exchange-Rate Volatility and Foreign Trade: Evidence from Thirteen LDCs.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 18:10–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and S. W. Hegerty. 2007. “Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows: A Review Article.” Journal of Economic Studies 34:211–55. doi:10.1108/01443580710772777.
   Google Scholar
• Barattieri, A. 2014. “Comparative Advantage, Service Trade, and Global Imbalances.” Journal of International Economics 92:1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashir, S. 2007. “Trends in International Trade in Higher Education: Implications and Options for Developing Countries.” Education Working Paper Series, Number 6, World Bank, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Beine, M., F. Docquier, and Ç. Ӧzden. 2011. “Diasporas.” Journal of Development Economics 95:30–41. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beine, M., R. Noël, and L. Ragot. 2014. “Determinants of the International Mobility of Students.” Economics of Education Review 41:40–54. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brada, J. C., and J. A. Méndez. 1988. “Exchange Rate Risk, Exchange Rate Regime and the Volume of International Trade.” Kyklos 41:263–80. doi:10.1111/kykl.1988.41.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braymen, C., and K. Briggs. 2015. “Income Differences in Services Trade Partners.” Applied Economics Letters 22:593–96. doi:10.1080/13504851.2014.959651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broll, U., and B. Eckwert. 1999. “Exchange Rate Volatility and International Trade.” Southern Economic Journal 66:178–85. doi:10.2307/1060843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brücker, H., S. Capuano, and A. Marfouk. 2013. “Education, Gender and International Migration: Insights from a Panel-Dataset 1980–2010.” Mimeo. Accessed October 9, 2014. http://www.iab.de/en/daten/iab-brain-drain-data.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Caballero, R. J., and V. Corbo. 1989. “The Effect of Real Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Exports: Empirical Evidence.” The World Bank Economic Review 3:263–78. doi:10.1093/wber/3.2.263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceglowski, J. 2006. “Does Gravity Matter in a Service Economy?” Review of World Economics 142:307–29. doi:10.1007/s10290-006-0069-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, P., N. Tamirisa, S.-J. Wei, A. Sadikov, and L. Zeng. 2004. “A New Look at Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows.” IMF Occasional Paper 235, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, P. B. 1973. “Uncertainty, Exchange Risk, and the Level of International Trade.” Economic Inquiry (Previously Western Economic Journal) 6:302–13. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1973.tb01063.x.
   Google Scholar
• Côté, A. 1994. “Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade: A Survey.” Staff Working Paper 1994-5, Bank of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Cushman, D. O. 1988. “US Bilateral Trade Flows and Exchange Risk during the Floating Period.” Journal of International Economics 24:317–30. doi:10.1016/0022-1996(88)90040-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Grauwe, P. 1988. “Exchange Rate Variability and the Slowdown in Growth of International Trade.” Staff Papers (International Monetary Fund) 35:63–84. doi:10.2307/3867277.
   Google Scholar
• Dell’Ariccia, G. 1998. “Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Trade Flows: Evidence from the European Union.” IMF Working Paper WP/98/107, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC doi:10.5089/9781451852950.001.
   Google Scholar
• Egger, P., M. Larch, and K. Staub. 2012. “Trade Preferences and Bilateral Trade in Goods and Services: A Structural Approach.” CEPR Discussion Paper 9051, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Ethier, W. 1973. “International Trade and the Forward Exchange Market.” American Economic Review 63:494–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francois, J., and O. Pindyuk. 2013. “Consolidated Data on International Trade in Services V8.8.” IIDE discussion paper 20130101, Institute for International and Development Economic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez-Herrera, E. 2013. “Comparing Alternative Methods to Estimate Models of Bilateral Trade.” Empirical Economics 44:1087–111. doi:10.1007/s00181-012-0576-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourlay, A., J. Seaton, and J. Suppakitjarak. 2005. “The Determinants of Export Behavior in UK Service Firms.” The Service Industries Journal 25:879–89. doi:10.1080/02642060500134154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillin, A. 2013. “Trade in Services and Regional Trade Agreements: Do Negotiations on Services have to be Specific?” The World Economy 36:1406–1423. doi:10.1111/twec.12102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huchet-Bourdon, M., and J. Korinek. 2011. “To What Extent do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?” OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 119, OECD Publishing, Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Kimura, F., and -H.-H. Lee. 2006. “The Gravity Equation in International Trade in Services.” Review of World Economics 142:92–121. doi:10.1007/s10290-006-0058-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp, L. G., J. E. Kelly-Reid, and S. A. Ginder. 2012. Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2010; Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2010; and Graduation Rates, Selected Cohorts, 2002-07 (NCES 2012-280). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Knapp, L. G., J. E. Kelly-Reid, R. W. Whitmore, S. Huh, B. Levine, M. Berzofsky, and S. G. Broyles. 2005. Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2003; Graduation Rates 1997 & 2000 Cohorts; and Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2003 (NCES 2005–177). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, J. 2002. Trade in Higher Education Services: The Implications of GATS. London, UK: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, K., J. P. Martin, and R. Morris. 2002. “Trade in Educational Services: Trends and Emerging Issues.” The World Economy 25:849–68. doi:10.1111/twec.2002.25.issue-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, A. H., and R. Saner. 2011. “Rethinking Trade in Education Services: A Wake-Up Call for Trade Negotiations.” Journal of World Trade 45:993–1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, R. A., and H. D. Nguyen. 2015. “Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Imports of Intermediate Inputs: A Microeconometric Analysis of Manufacturing Plans.” Review of International Economics 23:972–95. doi:10.1111/roie.12192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, M. D. 1999. “The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on International Trade Flows.” Journal of Economic Surveys 13:71–106. doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00075.
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo, V. 2007. “Research on the Flow of International Students to UK Universities: Determinants and Implications.” Journal of Research in International Education 6:287–307. doi:10.1177/1475240907083197.
   Google Scholar
• Peree, E., and A. Steinherr. 1989. “Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Foreign Trade.” European Economic Review 33:1241–64. doi:10.1016/0014-2921(89)90095-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenzweig, M. 2006. “Global Wage Differences and International Student Flows.” Brookings Trade Forum 2006:57–96. doi:10.1353/btf.2007.0011.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenzweig, M. R. 2008. “Higher Education and International Migration in Asia: Brain Circulation.” In Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics: Higher Education and Development, edited by J. Y. Lin and B. Pleskovic. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Sauvé, P. 2002. “Trade, Education and the GATS: What’s In, What’s Out, What’s All the Fuss About?” Journal on the Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education, Higher Education Management Policy, OECD 14 (3):47–76.
   Google Scholar
• Tenreyro, S. 2007. “On the Trade Impact of Nominal Exchange Rate Volatility.” Journal of Development Economics 82:485–508. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2011. Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010. St/Esa/M.86/Rev.1. New York, NY: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistic Division.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, K. 2008. “Trade in Services: Does Gravity Hold?” Journal of World Trade 42:315–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerlund, J., and F. Wilhelmsson. 2009. “Estimating the Gravity Model without Gravity Using Panel Data.” Applied Economics 43:641–49. doi:10.1080/00036840802599784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar